战术小卫星TacSat-3 ARTEMIS高分辨率的超光谱成像仪.docx

(网络查询关键词)Preflight and Vicarious Calibration of ArtemisARTEMIS Hyperspectral SensorAchieving Multipurpose Space Imaging with the ARTEMIS Reconfigurable Payload ProcessorThe ARTEMIS, a hyperspectral imaging sensor from Raytheon, is being tasked for the Air Force Space Commands tactical military role, which is the first of its kind.Raytheon ARTEMIS Hyperspectral Imaging Sensor for Tactical Military RoleIs there a best hyperspectral detection algorithm?（SPIE）Infrared Technology and Applications XXXVI (Proceedings Volume)IEEE ARTEMIS Hyperspectral SensorHyperspectral Sensor ARTEMISARTEMIS Hyperspectral PayloadTacSat 3 ARTEMISTACSAT 3- Information | Home| Passes (visible)| Passes (all)| Orbit| Identification USSPACECOM Catalog No.:35001International Designation Code:2009-028-A Satellite Details Orbit: 416 x 446 km, 40.5Country/Org. of Origin: USAIntrinsic brightness (Mag): 5.2 (at 1000km distance, 50% illuminated)Maximum brightness (Mag):1.4 (at perigee, 100% illuminated)Launch Date (UTC): May 18, 2009Sensor complement: (ARTEMIS, ODTML, SAE) Building on the experiences with TacSat-1 and -2, TacSat-3 is the first spacecraft of the series to have gone through a formal payload selection process with AFSPC (Air Force Space Command) and Coordinating Commands (COCOMs) and Services. ARTEMIS (Advanced Responsive Tactically Effective Military Imaging Spectrometer): ARTEMIS is a hyperspectral imager (HSI), funded by AFRL with additional funding by the US Army, designed and developed at Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems of El Segundo, CA, using COTS components extensively (ARTEMIS contract award in 2005). There is also a collaboration on the imaging spectrometer from NASA/JPL. The main objectives are: To demonstrate tactically significant hyperspectral imagery collection and processing sufficient to meet militarily relevant detection thresholds For a single-pass opportunity, the time period from a specified target collect to delivery of a processed product to the warfighter level must occur within 10 minutes (threshold: 30 min). The instrument consists of a telescope, an imaging spectrometer, a high resolution imager and a real-time processor referred to as HSIP (Hyperspectral Imaging Processor). ARTEMIS provides HSI observations in the visible and SWIR (Short Wave Infrared) region as well as panchromatic data. The spectral range coverage is from 0.4 -2.5 m. The telescope is a standard Ritchey-Chrtien form and is telecentric as is required to meet the spectral and spatial uniformity goals of the imaging spectrometer (heritage of TacSat-2). Additionally the secondary mirror has a built-in focus mechanism for on-orbit optimization. 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) Figure 6: Illustration of the ARTEMIS telescope (image credit: AFRL) The imaging spectrometer is of the basic Offner form consisting of two powered reflecting surfaces comprising the primary and tertiary elements. The secondary mirror is replaced by a curved grating for dispersion and is the limiting stop of the system. This form has the merit of being simple, compact, and both spatially and spectrally uniform. Spatial and spectral uniformity is critical to the operational performance of imaging spectrometers as it enables robust exploitation of data products. Spectral sampling is at 5 nm intervals. Additionally the design has 50 kbit per node per day - 0.1 Joule per bit transmitted. The ODTML network system consists of the following elements: 1) “Smart sensor nodes,” each containing an RF terminal, which collect the sensor data and communicate with the satellite payload. These smart sensor nodes are mounted on the sensor platforms, e.g., free-floating buoys or UGS (Unattended Ground Sensors). 2) Spacecraft Communications Payload (SCP), a microsatellite-mounted payload serving as a “router in the sky.” 3) Portable ground stations, acting as gateways to transfer the sensor data from the RF link to the Internet. 4) The Internet, as the communication conduit between the users and the ocean and ground-based observing platforms. Figure 11: Overview of the ODTML system elements (image credit: NRL) Figure 12: Conceptual overview of ODTML elements (image credit: Praxis Inc.) The ODTML demonstration will collect data from sea-based buoys and then will transmit the information back to a ground station. SAE (Space Avionics Experiment): The collection of concepts developed by AFRL to realize PnP (Plug-and-Play) space systems is collectively termed SPA (Space Plug-and-Play Avionics). These concepts include self-forming networks, machine-negotiated interfaces, encapsulation of complexity, and test bypass. The objective is to validate plug-n-play avionics capability, which involves the use of reprogrammable components to integrate the SPA experiment and the spacecraft structure. 23) 24) 25) 26) 1) Encapsulation: The most fundamental concept in the SPA paradigm is that of encapsulationhiding complexity within modular building blocks in order to simplify design. In SPA, this concept manifests itself both in the design of hardware and software. In hardware, the complex inner workings of the device are hidden from the rest of the system. Only single-point electrical connections consisting of data, power, and time synchronization are used to connect the device to the SPA network. Software encapsulation occurs at many levels, but the greatest example is in the use of XML-based or xTEDs (eXtended Transducer Electronic DataSheets) to precisely define the interfaces between components and even “pieces of software.” The goal of this architecture is the achievement of “pure” or “glueless” hardware and software modularity. “Gluelessness” is a very constrained form of modularity that allows rapid integration to occur. Instead of requiring custom electronics or software (the glue) to interface one modular block with another, each block contains everything it needs to maintain compatibility with other blocks in the system. 2) Self-forming networks: The second important SPA concept is that of self-forming networks. In SPA, every device is considered an endpoint on the network, including both traditional bus components, such as reaction wheels or torque rods, and payload components, such as imaging devices. In fact, even structures are endpoints and can be treated in the same manner as other SPA devices on the network. For example, a spacecraft structural panel may contain its own harnessing and internal routers and hubs - essentially an entire SPA sub-network in itself, but the panel is also an endpoint and can be treated as such in the larger SPA network that is the PnP spacecraft. The result is a collection of endpoints separated by hubs or routers and arranged in any order or configuration. The SPA network is created dynamically as devices are introduced. 3) Machine-negotiated interfaces: Glueless modularity and self-describing networks are achieved in the SPA architecture through the use of the third SPA concept-machine-negotiated interfaces. SPA interfaces are defined by components in their resident xTEDs and managed by the SDM (Satellite Data Model). The xTEDs contains descriptions of all commands accepted, variables produced, and data messages