陈述句的五个基本句式.doc

Believe you can do it well! 陈述句的五个基本句式.句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下（说明：S主语；V谓语；P表语；O宾语；O1间接宾语；O2直接宾语；C宾语补足语）五个基本句式详细解释如下：（1）S十V十P主系表结构（2）S十V主谓结构（3）S十V十O主谓宾结构（4）S十V十O1十O2主谓双宾结构（5）S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构1S十V十P 主系表结构（P一般是形容词或名词或名词性质的短语）在此句式中，V是系动词,常见的系动词有：be, feel, become等。例如：eg: Heishandsome(he做主语，is是系动词，handsome是形容词，做表语)译：他长得帅。eg: Heis a clever boy（he是主语，is 是系动词，a clever boy是名词短语不定冠词a/an + 形容词名词单数，做表语）译：他是一个聪明的男孩。eg: Thedeskfeelshard(The desk是主语，feel是系动词，hard是形容词)书桌摸起来很硬。2S十V 主谓结构在此句式中，V是不及物动词(vi)。例如：eg: Herunsquickly（he是主语 run是不及物动词, 其中quickly是副词，修饰run）译：他跑得快。eg: Theylistenedcarefully译：他们听得很仔细。eg: Myinkhasrunout(my ink是主语，run out是一个不及物的动词词组，has run out是现在完成时的结构)译：我的钢笔水用完了。3S十V十O主谓宾结构在此句式中，V是及物动词(vt)，只有及物动词或及物动词短语才能且必须接宾语，因此后有宾语，（宾语一般为名词，名词短语或代词）例如：eg: Isawafilm.（I是主语，saw是谓语，a film是宾语）译：我看了一部电影。eg: Theytookgoodcareofthechildren(they是主语 ,took good care of是谓语,其中took是take的过去式，the children是宾语)译：这些孩子他们照看得很好。4S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构在此句式中，V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get等。eg: Hegavemeabook.(he 是主语gave是谓语动词，是give 的过去式，me是间宾，a book是直宾)= Hegave abooktome译：他给我一本书。eg: Hebroughtmeapen.=Hebrought apentome（brought是bring的过去式,译为“带来”）译：他带给我一枝钢笔。eg: Motherboughtmeabook= Motherbought abookforme. （bought是buy的过去式）译：妈妈给我买了一本书。5S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构在此句式中，V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。eg: Theymadethegirlangry（they是主语, made是谓语动词, the girl是宾语, angry是宾补，即宾语不足语）译：他们使这个女孩生气了。eg: Theyfoundherhappy（her是宾语，happy是宾补）译：他们发现那天她很高兴。八种基本时态：时态类型谓语动词为be动词谓语动词为实义动词V一般现在时陈述：主语（S）be +表语She is （not）a student.一疑：be + S+表语Is she a student?陈述：SV（s主语为三人称单数或单数名词）You work hard.She works hard.否定：SDo/Does +not+V原You do not work hard.She does not work hard.一疑：Do/Does+S+V原Do you work hard?Does she work hard?一般过去时陈述：Sbe(was/were)+表She was (not) a student.一疑：Be + S+ 表Were you a good student?陈述：SVed(动词的过去式).She worked hard.否定：Sdid+not + V原She did not work hard.一疑：Did + S+ V原Did she work hard?一般将来时陈述：S+will+be原表Tom will be a good teacher.否定：Swill+not+be原表Tom will not be a good teacher.一疑：Will+S+be原表Will Tom be a good teacher?陈述：S+will+V原Lucy will go to China.否定：Swill+not+V原Lucy will not go to China.一疑：Will+S+V原Will Lucy go to China?过去将来时把一般将来时中的will改为would即可，其他无变化把一般将来时中的will改为would即可，其他无变化现在进行时陈述：Sbe（am/is/are）Ving（动词的进行时）He is (not) reading a book.They are (not) watching TV.一疑: Be+ SVingIs he reading a book?Are they watching TV?过去进行时把现在进行时中的Be动词改用was(主语为单数)/were(主语为复数)就行了现在完成时陈述：S+have(主语为复数)/has(主语为单数)been（即be的过去分词）表否定：S+have /hasnotbeen表疑问：Have /Has Sbeen表陈述：S+have /hasVpp（动词的过去分词）+We have learned English for 3years.She has stayed here since 1999.否定: S+have /hasnot +Vpp+She has not lived here for one week.疑问: Have /Has+S +Vpp+Has the boy stayed there for an hour?Have you stayed there for one hour?过去完成时把现在完成时中，相应的has/have改为had即可，其他不变把现在完成时中，相应的has/have改为had即可，其他不变She had not lived here for one week.现在完成时与过去完成时的基本区别现在完成时(1)是指某个动作从过去开始,到现在已经完成强调它对现在有影响.(2)另外现在完成时还可以表示动作从过去开始一直延