英语必修一unit 5 workbook p70 using words and expressions.doc

P70 using words and expressions:1 Choose the words or expressions from the brackets to complete the passage below. Then read the story about Charles Babbage .巴贝奇在1812/1813年初次想到用机械来计算数学表；后来，制造了一台小型计算机，能进行8位数的某些数学运算。1823年得到政府的支持，设计一台容量为20位数的计算机。它的制造要求有较高的机械工程技术。于是巴贝奇专心从事于这方面的研究。他于1834年发明了分析机（现代电子计算机的前身）的原理。在这项设计中，他曾设想根据储存数据的穿孔卡上的指令进行任何数学运算的可能性，并设想了现代计算机所具有的大多数其他特性，但因 1842 年政府拒绝进一步支援，巴贝奇的计算器未能完成。斯德歌尔摩的舒茨公司按他的设计于1855年制造了一台计算器。便真正的计算机则至到电子时代才制成。 巴贝奇在24岁时就被选为英国皇家学会会员。他参与创建了英国天文学会和统计学会，并且是天文学会金质奖章获得者。他还是巴黎伦理科学院、爱尔兰皇家学会和美国科学学院的成员。Charles Babbage was born in 1791 in Britain. He was in poor health in his youth(young /youth ) , so he had to be educated ( brought/be educated ) at home. His mother worried about ( worried for/worried about )his health and she was advised ( advised/begged )that he should not be taught ( taught/educating )too much. However, the boy showed an early interest in mathematics and worked hard at it. Later he was accepted ( received/accepted )by Cambridge University. Babbage began to work on a small difference engine( 差分机 ) in 1819, which in a very short period ( period/while )of time could work out mathematical tables by itself. He completed ( released/completed )it in 1822. In1827 he became a professor of mathematics and began his lifelong work on computing machines. He worked selflessly( generously/selflessly ). As a matter of fact( At first/As a matter of fact ), he often spent his own money on his invention. In 1834 he invented the Analytical Machine which is the prototype ( 原型 )of a computer. This was a great achievement. He devoted ( devoted/gave in )a lot of his wealth and energy to his invention, but he never produced a real computer. Finally in 1871 he died peacefully( peaceful/peacefully ). However, his principles are still those on which modern computers are built. As a result, he is remembered as the “grandfather of computing .”2 Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions in brackets.1事实上，父母都不希望子女有麻烦。As a matter of fact ,parents dont want their children to be in trouble.2曼德拉掌权成为总统以后，他的政府尽力为黑人改变不平等的状况。After Mandela came to power and became president, his government did their best to change the unfair situation for black people.3罗伯特因偷窃被判处三年监禁，于一个月前被释放。Robert was sentenced to three years in prison for stealing and released a month ago.4他恳求我让他加入我们刚建立的俱乐部。He begged me to let him join the club we have just set up.5布莱克夫妇由于失业，不得不向亲戚求帮助。As they were out of work, Mr. and Mrs. Black had to turn to their relatives for help.6约翰要给捡到他钱包的出租车司机一百元作为酬谢。John wanted to give 100 yuan as a reward to the taxi driver who had found his wallet.7如果你失败了，你也不该灰心。If you fail, you should not lose heart but just keep on going.8自从遭遇袭击之后，她每次看见狗，眼睛里都满是恐惧。After the attack, her eyes filled with terror every time when she saw a dog.3 Look at the words that describe peoples character and put them in two groups. Consult a dictionary if elligent bright smart brainless sociable quarrelsome simple-minded kind-hearted out-going generous cruel sincere stubborn frank devoted mean lazy friendly hard-working stu