高考英语书面表达训练之我见.doc

高考英语书面表达训练之我见陈彬书面表达是高考英语测试中的重头戏，又是广大考生相对薄弱和棘手的方面。那么，随着高考的日益临近，怎样才能更加有效、迅速地提高学生的书面表达能力呢？我认为应该坚持从以下八个方面进行严格训练：训练1 ：正确、端正、熟练地书写字母、单词和句子，注意大小写和标点符号（每周写两篇，直到通过为止）。训练2 ：第一轮复习的过程中，进行组词造句、组句成段练习，要求学生写出最简单的短句，要求学生写出含有一般过去时、一般将来时、现在或过去进行时、现在完成时等形式的句子，如，Yesterday I went to call on my teacher. He was preparing his lessons. He told me that he began to teach. English in 1990.He said he would help me with my Engust1.Up till now he has taught English for ten years. 另外，可结合于高中英语课堂中，对学生的写作能力的要求提高一步。为以后英语作文打好扎实的基础。如学In the Lab一课时，指导学生写Instructions for Using the Science Lab。学习American English一课时，可要求学生写出The Differences between American English and British English。训练3 ：限时训练，时间一到，学生立即停笔，教师展示范文。教师的范文不仅要在格式、内容要点、语法修辞与语言习惯上给学生树立样板，而且要考虑到英语的多种表达方法。学生在经过一阵紧张的思维与写作之后，及时听到一篇比较规范的答卷，比较一下自己的作业，可初步衡量出自己的答题的准确度，找出差距，及时查出作文中的毛病。训练4：高考书面表达题既不是简单的汉译英，也不是天马行空、任意发挥式的“开放”作文，要求的是将所规定的材料内容经整理后，展开思维，运用所学英语知识准确地表达意思的能力。必须要求学生在写作过程中牢牢记住以下口诀：先读提示，弄清要点与格式；时态语态要当心，前后呼应要一致；句子结构和搭配，语言习惯莫违背；文章写好细检查，点滴小错别忽视。训练5：对照范文，学生先对已查出的表达有误的地方进行初改，还可安排学生互改作文。互改以同桌的两人为宜。批改者对有疑问的地方作上记号，待互相讨论取得一致意见后再更正。若有争议的问题，可当场请教老师。最后，要求学生再对全文通读几遍，琢磨一下是否符合要求，尽量做到准确无误。如发现错误，可作最后修改，誊写工整，交老师查阅。训练6：及时讲评1. 如在时间紧的情况下，可抽查部分学生的作文评阅，重点抽查中下水平的学生的作文，采用当面批改的形式，从而大面积提高教学质量。2. 批阅过程中，认真记录习作中存在的带有普遍性和典型性的错误，为讲评课作材料准备。3. 将一些写得较好的错误较少的习作或复印下发、或张贴出来、或讲评时读给全班学生听，给予鼓励。训练7：高考英语书面表达基本策略仔细审题。 如果是看图写文，看懂每幅图之间的联系至关重要。写要点。据每幅图写出一至两句话。因为每年高考书面表达一般控制在10句话，120个词左右。连句成文。每句话写好后，用适当的连词连接起来，使之上下连贯，呼应，通顺，简洁。查错漏。完稿后，检查一下有没有时态、语态、拼写、大小写甚至标点错误并逐一加以改正。卷面整洁。卷面整洁干净甚至比准确，通顺，简介更重要。因为整洁干净给阅卷人精神上带来愉悦，相对而言，分数自然要给得高一些。为了帮助同学们在平时写作练习的时候时刻牢记这些写作的基本要领，特编顺口溜如下：细审题，巧构思，列要点，防遗漏。写日记，同汉语；书信，通知格式要牢记。看清图表细梳理，写人记事按顺序；完稿后查遗漏，整洁干净莫忘记。训练8：高分策略遣词的原则：使用高等级词汇及短语, 如果仅仅记住几个简单基础的词汇,而且一味的重复低水平的英语知识点,还远远没有达到通过高考选拔优秀人才进入高一级学府深造的要求。这就要求考生在平时的训练和考试当中，有意识的强化“复杂、高级”这两个概念，使自己的作文能力区别于普通学生的作文，使自己一下子就站在一个比别人高的位置上，充分显示自己的实力。“处处留心皆学问”。同时，在平时阅读过程中要善于积累精彩的词句和表达，不断丰富和扩大自己的“语言库”，这样高考临场才能达到“下笔如有神”。如：表达人物爱憎感情：like, love, be interested in, be fond of hate, dislike, be tired of, lose interest in happy, excited, pleased, satisfied, angry, sad, worried, disappointed, terrified, mad, frightened 介绍人物的影响及人们对人的评价：He became famous for his new theory. The people had come to love him as an inspiring leader.We regard Li Fei as our model.Lei Feng has been praised for his communist spirit.People spoke highly of him and all respected him.常见描述人物性格，外貌和身体状况等的词语： good-looking /funny-looking /strong-looking /ugly-looking /dirty-looking /ordinary-looking /blue-eyed /white-eyed /warm-hearted /light-hearted /kind-hearted /absent-minded /tall /short /beautiful /pretty /lovely /naughty/ be blind /lame in /be in good or poor condition/ healthy/ fine/ well /strong-tempered /bad-tempered /near-sighted /far-sighted /foolish /stupid /silly /clever /smart /wise /bright / diligent /intelligent /lazy /hard working, etc.造句的原则：句式多变，语法活用，句子是表达一个完整意思的最小单位，所以造句能力在英文写作中是非常重要的。好的英语句子能够生动，形象，准确的表达内容。所以要想写出漂亮的书面表达，必须从写好句子开始。 “万丈高楼平地起”。因此，平时必须扎实练好语言基本功。掌握英语基本句型及造句: （1）主语+谓语+状语(介词,名词短语或从句)The sun rises up in the east and sets in the west. We get up early every morning. The meeting lasted2 hours. （2）主语+不及物动词+副词 This kind of wine drinks well and sells well. The suit wears well. Glass breaks easily. （3）主语+谓语+介词+宾语 We all agreed on the terms. He hates to argue with his wife about such small matters. All these things are to be answered for. （4）主语+系动词+形容词 Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth. He was so tired that he fell asleep the moment he went to bed. Your explanation sounds reasonable. （5）主语+谓语+直接宾语 I want your promise. Have your fixed my watch? This factory produces 1000 cars a week. （6）主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 He paid me a visit yesterday. He owed me 50 yuan. He wrote his family a letter yesterday. （7）主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 (to do) I will get someone to repair the recorder for you. I didnt mean to hurt you. He invited me to teach at a well-known university. （8）主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 (do) I often hear her sing the song. The boss made workers work 15 hours a day. Dont forget to have him come. （9）主语+谓语+现在分词 I heard her singing in the next room. We could feel our heats beating fast. Did you observe the birds flying around the trees? （10）主语+谓语+过去分词 I must have my watch repaired. We must get he task finished on time. Speak louder to make yourself understood by everybody. （11）主语+谓语+宾语(动名词) I suggested putting off the meeting. They all avoided mentioning the matter. We cant help laughing at the news. （12）主语+谓语+宾语(不定式) I cant afford to buy such a large house. Dont pretend to know what you dont. He feared to speak in her presence. （13）主语+谓语+宾语(名词/代词)+介词+宾语 Nothing can prevent us from going forward. Thank you for your help. He demanded an answer from me. 练习写好句子方法一：合并句子 It was early in the morning. Mr. Smith was in his garden. He was watering flowers. Early in the morning, Mr. Smith was watering flowers in his garden. A girl was crossing a road. The girl was pretty. The road was wide. A pretty girl was crossing a wide road. 方法二：改写句子 1) Mr. Green is a tall man, who wears a pair of thick glasses. (改成介词短语做伴随状语) Mr. Green is a tall man with a pair of thick glasses. 2) The ice on the lake is too thin for us to skate on. (使用sothat结构改写句子) The ice on the lake is so thin that we cant skate on it. 方法三：一句多译 这本书花了我300元。 I spent 300 yuan on the book. I paid 300 yuan for the book. The price of the book is 300 yuan. It cost me 300 yuan to buy the book. 我不懂什么英语，李明也不懂。 I dont know any English, nor does Li Ming.I hardly know any English, nor does Li Ming. I hardly know any English, neither does Li Ming. I hardly know any English, no more does Li Ming. I hardly know any English, so it is with Li Ming. I know no more English than Li Ming does. I know as little English as Li Ming does. 一到家，我就把所见到的一切都记了下来。On/Upon arriving home, I wrote down everything I had seen. As soon as I arrived home, I wrote down everything I had seen. The moment I arrived home, I wrote down everything I had seen. The instant I arrived home, I wrote down everything I had seen.No sooner had I arrived home than I wrote down everything I had seen. 昨天下午他才来。 He came here yesterday afternoon. The price of the book is 300 yuan. It cost me 300 yuan to buy the book. 谋篇的原则：满分作文都有个共性就是有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。文章的连贯性和紧凑感是很重要的。作为最小的语言表意单位的句子如果只是被随意的整合，是无法达到有效表达的目的。常见的句子之间的连接手段有： 使用代词指代上一句中的名词 ；重复使用上一句中的词 ；使用连接词；使用平行结构。高考大纲中常用的连接词: 表并列补充关系的: what is more, besides, also, as well, moreover, furthermore, in addition 表转折对比关系的: but, however, yet, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, although, different from, in contrast to, despite, in spite of, whereas, unlike, nevertheless, not onlybut also, herethere, years agotoday, thisthat, the formerthe latter, thennow, the firstwhereas the second, oncenow, on the one handon the other hand, someothers 表因果关系的: since, as, because (of), for, so, thus, therefore, as a result (of), so that, thanks to,owing to,due to表条件关系的: if, on the condition (that), as(so) long as, unless, or else, even though, even if表时间关系的: when, after, before, until, as soon as, later, afterwards, soon, lately, recently, since, from then on, eventually, in the meantime, then,