2011年暑假英语第2讲代词.doc

2011年暑假英语第2讲代词 1代词的用法 1）主语 例如： This is our new home. 这是我们的新家。 Who is on the phone? 谁在打电话？ 2）宾语 例如： Take good care of yourself. 多多保重。 We should help each other. 我们应互相帮助。 3）表语 例如： Thats not mine. 那不是我的。 Who is it? Its me. 谁呀？ 是我。 4）同位语 例如： We both live in the dormitory. 我们两人都住宿舍。 He ate them all. 他把它们全吃了。 5）呼语 例如： Be patient, everybody. 大家都耐心点。 2代词的分类 代词通常可分为以下八类： 1）人称代词（I, you, he , we等） 2）物主代词（our, your, their, his等） 3）反身代词（myself, ourselves, yourself, itself等） 4）相互代词（each other, one another） 5）指示代词（this, that, these, those等） 6）疑问代词（who, what, which, whose等） 7）关系代词（who, that, which, whose等） 8）不定代词（both, all, some, any等） 二、重点知识归纳及讲解 （一）人称代词 1人称代词的单数、复数和主格、宾格 数 格 人称 单数 复数 主格 宾语 主格 宾格 第一人称 I 我 me we 我们 us 第二人称 you 你 you you 你们 you 第三人称 he 他 she 她 it 它 him her it 他们 they 她们 它们 them 2人称代词的用法 1）人称代词的主格在句子中充当主语 例如： I am studying English now. 我现在正在学英语。 We love our country. 我们热爱我们的国家。 如果有几个人称代词并列充当主语，它们的顺序是： 单数形式 you, he and I. 复数形式 we, you and they 2）人称代词的宾语在句子中充当宾语、介词宾语或表语。 例如： Can you help us? 你能帮助我们吗？ We are waiting for them. 我们正在等他们。 （二）物主代词 形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的主要用法区别 1）形容词性物主代词不能独立使用，只作定语，用来修饰后面的名词。 例如： My parents are both doctors. 我的父母都是医生。 We saw a film yesterday. Its name was Speed. 我们昨天看了一场电影，片名是生死时速。 2）名词性物主代词应独立使用，后面不跟名词，相当于形容词性物主代词+名词，它们在句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。 例如：Is this her pen? No, hers is red. （主语） 这是她的钢笔吗？不，她的是红色的。 Lets clean their room first, and then clean ours. （宾语） 咱们先打扫他们的房间，然后再打扫我们的。 These letters are his.（表语） 这些信是他的。 （三）反身代词 反身代词用来表示反射或强调。 1反身代词的形式 人称 一 二 三 单数 myself yourself himself herself itself 复数 ourselves yourselves themselves 2反身代词的用法 1）在句子中作宾语，表示动作回射到动作的执行者本身。 例如： My grandmother is too old to look after herself. 我奶奶年纪太大了，照顾不了她自己。 2）在句中作名词或代词的同位语，用来加强语气，常可译为“亲自”、“本人”等。在这种情况下，反身代词可以紧跟名词或代词之后，也可以放到句末。 例如： We ourselves will build the factory. 我们将自己建造这个工厂。 He spoke to me myself. 他对我本人说话。 3）反身代词在实际运用中可构成许多常用词组。 例如：by oneself 亲自 for oneself 为自己 call oneself 称自己 teach oneself 自学 help oneself to 随意吃 lose oneself 迷路 speak to oneself 自言自语 seat oneself 就座 make oneself understood 让别人懂得自己的意思 （四）指示代词 指示代词是表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词，如：this, that, these, those等。英语中指示代词的用法同汉语中的情况相似。this和these一般用来指较近的事物，that和those则指较远的事物。 指示代词可以充当句子中的主语、定语、宾语或表语。 例如： This is a difficult question. 这是个难题。 That basketball isnt ours. 那个篮球不是我们的。 （五）不定代词不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词的代词。 1不定代词有以下形式： some, somebody, someone, something, any, anybody, anyone, anything, nobody, nothing, all, both, neither, none, either, each, everybody, everyone, everything, other, another, much ,one 2不定代词在句子中的作用： 1）作主语 例如： Everyone has come. Lets begin. 大家都到了，我们开始吧。 Both of his parents are doctors. 他的父母都是医生。 2）作宾语 例如：This one is too small, please show me another. 这个太小，请另外拿一个给我看看。 3）作表语 例如： Thats all for today. 今天就到这儿吧。 3常见不定代词的用法讲解 1）some和any asome常用于肯定句，any多用于否定句，疑问句或条件状语从句，两者都可以代替可数或不可数名词。 例如：Some say yes and some say no. 有的人说是，有的人说不是。 I dont like any of them. 我对他们一个也不喜欢。 b如果在提问时期待对方肯定回答，或鼓励别人说yes时，疑问句中的不定代词要用some，不用any。 例如： Would you like some of the tickets? 你想要些票吗？ c在强调“任何一个”意思的时候，any也可用于肯定句。 例如： You can take any of the newspapers here. 你可以拿这儿任何一份报纸。 2）either和neither either用于肯定，neither用于否定，二者均限于两个个体的情况。 例如：You can see tall trees on either of the river banks. 在河的两岸你们能看到高大的树。 3）one和ones（one的复数形式） one可以指某人，人人或某物，也可以用来代替上文中提及的可数名词，以避免用词的重复。当one指人时，其反身代词为oneself，所有格形式是ones。 例如： One should follow the laws. 人人应该遵守法律。 Shanghai has a lot of new buildings, but it also has many old ones. 上海有很多新的建筑物，也有不少老的建筑物。 4）复合不定代词 复合不定代词是由some, any, no, every同body，one, thing等词构成的代词。复合不定代词都可看作单数，表示“某人”或“某物”，并在句中作主语、宾语或表语。同some和any在用法上的区别一样，some, someone和something一般用于肯定句，anybody, anyone和anything一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。 例如： We want somebody to help us. 我们想要有人来帮助我们。 Have you found anything here? 你们在这儿发现什么了吗？ （六）疑问代词 疑问代词是用来构成特殊疑问句的代词，如who, whom, whose, what和which等。 在疑问句中，疑问代词一般都放在句首，并在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。 例如： Who is your maths teacher?（表语） 谁是你们的数学老师？ Whose bag is that?（定语） 那是谁的书包？ Who teaches you English?（主语） 谁教你们英语？ Whom are you talking about?（宾语） 你们在谈论谁？ （七）相互代词 相互代词是表示相互关系的代词，其形式如下表。 主格和宾格 所有格 each other one another each others one anothers 在当代英语中，each other和one another意思上没有区别，它们在句中可以作宾语，其所有格可以作定语。 例如：Do you often help each other? 你们经常互相帮助吗？ We are interested in one anothers work. 我们对彼此的工作感兴趣。 三、随堂监测A组一选择填空1This dictionary is not hers. Its _. A. I B. me C. mine D. my 2. - Is this _ magazine? - No, it isnt. Its _. A. your, her B. hers, mine C. yours, hers D. your, hers 3. There are two books on the desk. One is a maths book, _ is an English book. A. others B. other C. the other D. another 4. _ of the girls plays tennis well. A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some 5. Mary speaks very quickly. _ is difficult to understand what she is saying. A. That B. she C. It D. There 6. The school was built by the villagers _. A. us B. ourselves C. them D. themselves 7. He put a finger into _ mouth and sucked it. A. his B. he C. him D. hiss 8. He is always ready to help _. A. another B. others C. the other D. other 9. Let _ do this exercise myself. A. him B. her C. us D. me 10. Have you _ to tell us? A. important something B. something important C. important anything D. anything important 11. I met an old friend of _ on _ way home. A. mine, my B. my, the C. mine, a D. mine, the 12. _ of the students in our class has a ticket. A. Every B. Both C. Each D. All 13. There are several books on the desk. _ of them is English. A. All B. Both C. None D. Neither 14. _ live in Shanghai. A. We B. Our C. Ours D. Ourselves 15. - Is this _ jacket? - Yes, its _. A. her, her B. her, hers C. hers, her D. hers, hers 16. - _ is that boy? - Hes my son. A. Who B. Whom C. What D. Which 17. _ humans _ animals can live without air. A. Both, and B. Neither, nor C. Either, or D. Not only, but also 18. They have twenty-six desks in the classroom. One is for the teacher, _ are for the students. A. the other B. other C. the others D. others 19. My dictionary is in my bag. Where is _? A. yours B. you C. yourself D. your 20. I think you can do the job _. A. yourself B. myself C. himself D. your 21. - Which jacket is Marys? - The red one is _. A. she B. her C. hers D. his 22. My uncle was so angry that he was no _ when he found I was beating his dog. A. him B. his C. himself D. he 23. There are many trees on _ side of the street. A. all B. both C. every D. each 24. _ is important for us to keep the balance of nature. A. There B. That C. This D. It 25. She cant find _ watch. A. hers B. it C. her D. its 26. There is _ milk in the glass. A. many B. little C. few D. a few 27. Please pass _ the cap of tea. A. me B. my C. mine D. I 28. Have you heard from _ recently? A. them B. they C. themselves D. their 29. There is _water in the bottle. A. not B. some C. any D. many 30. There isnt _ food left on the table. A. many B. few C. much D. little 31. Sorry, I cant answer your question. I know _ about the news. A. a little B. little C. few D. a few 32. This is his schoolbag, _ is on the desk. A. my B. yours C. your D. you 33. We made the radio _. A. us B. ourselves C. myself D. our 34. Would please give me _ hot tea? A. one B. little C. some D. any 35. - Would you like some milk in your tea? - Yes, just _. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few 36. This question is so difficult that _ students can answer it. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 37. They have only _ homework for Sunday. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 38. They told us about their school and we told them about_. A. we B.us C. our D. ours 39. This blue suit looks better than the green _. A. / B. one C. suits D. ones 40. _ is your father ,a worker or a teacher? A. How B. Which C. What D. Who 四、随堂监测B组1- Whose painting is this? Its really wonderful! - Oh, its not _ . Its _ . A. hers; your B. mine; Elsas C. yours; hes D. his; my 2_ of the twins went to watch Peking Opera last Sunday. They were staying at home all that day. A. Either B. Both C. Neither D. One 3The English novel is quite easy for you. There are _ new words in it. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few 4This ruler is mine. _ is over there. A. She B. Shes C. Her D. Hers 5Ill tell you _ news about the sports meeting. A. many B. some C. a few D. a lot of6All the boys were very tired, but _ of them would take a rest. A. all B. neither C. any D. none 7Every day Mr. Hu checks _ homework and corrects the mistakes we make. A. his B. her C. our D. its 8- When shall we meet again, this afternoon or tonight? - I dont mind. _ time is OK. A. Either B. Every C. Neither D. Both 9The old man has two sons. One is a worker ; _ is a teacher. A. another B. other C. others D. the other 10Pass _ the knife, please. My pencil is broken. A. I B. me C. my D. mine 11- Which do you prefer, orange juice or coke? - _, thanks. Id like just a cup of tea. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None 12Bob coul