罗斯福新政英文课件.ppt

TheNewDeal Introduction I FranklinD RooseveltII BackgroundIII Implement Stage content measuresIV EssenceV FeaturesVI Influence I FranklinDelanoRoosevelt Hewasthe32ndPresidentoftheUnitedStates 1933 1945 andacentralfigureinworldeventsduringthemid 20thcentury leadingtheUnitedStatesduringatimeofworldwideeconomiccrisisandworldwar TheonlyAmericanpresidentelectedtomorethantwoterms heforgedadurablecoalitionthatrealignedAmericanpoliticsfordecades II Background TheGreatDepression aseverworldwideeconomicdepressionThefailureofPresidentHoover sreformKeynesianism 凯恩斯理论 ThevoiceofthecallsforreformisrisingRooseveltasthePresidentoftheUnitedStates III Implement StageContentMeasure Stage thefirststage 1933 1935 FocusoneconomicadjustmentandRenaissance thefirst100days thesecondstage 1936 1939 Focusonthereform Content TheNewDealwasaseriesofeconomicprogramsimplementedintheUnitedStatesbetween1933and1936 TheywerepassedbytheUnitedStatesCongressduringthefirsttermofPresidentFranklinD Roosevelt TheprogramswereRoosevelt sresponsestotheGreatDepression andfocusedonwhathistorianscallthe 3Rs Relief Recovery andReform 3Rs Reliefwasurgentlyneededbytensofmillionsofunemployed Recoverymeantboostingtheeconomybacktonormal Reformmeantlong termfixesofwhatwaswrong especiallywiththefinancialandbankingsystems Roosevelt sseriesofradiotalks knownasfiresidechats 炉边谈话 presentedhisproposalsdirectlytotheAmericanpublic Acts Agencies Measures IV Essence Onthepartialadjustmentofcapitalistrelationsofproduction V Features Nationaldirectinterventionintheeconomy 在1930年代经济大萧条期间 罗斯福推行新政以提供失业救济与复苏经济 并成立如公共事业振兴署 WPA 国家复兴管理局 NRA 和农业调整管理局 AAA 等机构来改革经济和银行体系 虽然直到第二次世界大战爆发为止 美国的经济仍未能完全复苏 但是他所发起的一些计划 如联邦存款保险公司 FDIC 田纳西河谷管理局 TVA 以及证券交易委员会 SEC 等 仍继续在国家的商贸中扮演重要角色 除此之外 在其任内设立的一些制度 包括社会安全系统和全国劳资关系委员会 NLRB 等等 仍然保留至今 NationalRecoveryAct in1933forindustry NRA BlueEagle campaign industry power Proclaimingthesymbolofindustrialrecovery AcceptingPresidentFranklinRoosevelt sRe employmentAgreementoraspecialCodeofFairCompetition Title TennesseeValleyAuthority IncreasingemploymentopportunitiesStimulatingconsumptionStabilizingsociety Anextensivefloodcontrol electricpowerandgeneraldevelopmentprogramwereputintooperation torelievepeopleindisasterareasbygivingthememploymentinsteadofoutrightgrant AgriculturalAdjustmentAct AAA Themainaims toraisecommoditypriceslimitingproduction devaluingthedollar maintaininghightariffonforeigngoods tocarrythroughamodestinflationbyprovidingmoneyatlowratesoffarmersandtoindustry SocialSecurityAct in1935 WPAemployed2to3millionunemployedatunskilledlabor Stabilizingsociety TheactwasanattempttolimitwhatwereseenasdangersinthemodernAmericanlife includingoldage poverty unemployment andtheburdensofwidowsandfatherlesschildren Otherfundamentalreforms BankandmonetaryreformstheEmergencyBankingAct providedforasystemofreopeningsoundbanksAdjustingandstabilizingthebankingsystem banks reopenTheSecurityandExchangeCommission SEC enforcingthefederalsecuritieslawsandregulatingthesecuritiesindustry thenation sstockandoptionsexchanges andotherelectronicsecuritiesmarketstoregulatethestockmarkettopreventcorporateabuses VI Influence By1938 theNewDealwasoverwiththeexpansionoftheEuropecrisis switchemphasisfromdomestictoforeignaffairs SaveAmericandemocracy avoidfascism GermanandJapanshiftedtheburden Helpingovercomet