高考情态动词和虚拟语气详解.doc

考点一 情态动词的基本用法1.can 和could的用法 (1)表示“能力，能够”。No one can be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.Oh, you are really his big fan.(2011湖南高考)在打篮球方面，无人能与姚明相媲美。你真是姚明的铁杆粉丝。(2)表示“许可”，此时can可以和may换用。You can (may) go home now.你现在可以回家了。(3)表示惊讶，常用在否定句和疑问句中。How could you do such a silly thing?你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢？2may和might的用法(1)may和might表示“许可”。May I take the book out?Im afraid not.(2010四川高考)我能将书带出去吗？恐怕不行。(3)“may/might as well动词原形”意为“最好；不妨”。If you think the price of beef is too high, you may as well buy some pork. It depends on you.(2013江苏省苏中三市调研)如果你认为牛肉太贵的话，你不妨买些猪肉。你自己决定。3must的用法(1)表示必要性，意为“必须”。Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?I am afraid you must, in case he comes late for the meeting.(2011福建高考)我现在通知他日程表的变动吗？恐怕你必须通知他，以免他开会迟到。(2)表示禁止(用于否定句)。此时没有猜测功能。The new law states that people mustnt drive after drinking alcohol.(2012上海高考)新颁布的法律禁止人们酒后驾车。(3)表示“偏偏，偏要”。If you must go, at least wait until the storm is over.(2011辽宁高考)如果你非要走的话，至少等到暴风雨结束。4need的用法(1)need作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。He neednt worry about us now.他现在不必为我们担心。(2)need也可作实义动词，用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中，其后可接名词、代词、动名词或带to的动词不定式作宾语。You need to practice reading aloud every day.你有必要每天都大声朗读。5shall和should的用法(1)shall的用法用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。What time shall I pick you up at your house tomorrow, sir?I havent decided on the time. But I will call you.先生，我明天什么时候到你家接你呢？我还没有决定时间，但是我会给你打电话的。Shall he come in?要他进来吗？用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。Will you read me a story, Mummy?OK. You shall have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.(2011陕西高考)妈妈，给我讲个故事好吗？好的，如果你尽快上床睡觉我就给你讲一个。Excuse me. But I want to use your computer to type a report.You _have my computer if you dont take care of it . A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt【解析】shall此处表示“警告”。【答案】ANo one shall smoke here.用于第三人称作主语的陈述句中，在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定。The National Party congress shall be held every five years.国家党员代表大会每五年举行一次。What does the sign over there read? “No person _ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area.” A. will B. may C. shall D. must【解析】禁止吸烟是此处的规定。【答案】C (2)should的用法表示义务、职责等，意为“应该”。The children should be taken good care of.这些孩子应该受到好的照顾。表示说话人的惊奇、愤怒、失望等特殊情感。How should I know where youve left your bag?我怎么知道你把包丢在哪里了？6will和would的用法(1)表示意志、意愿和决心，would用于过去的情况。Goodbye, John. Come back again sometime.Sure. I will.(2012四川高考)再见，约翰。欢迎再来。好的，我会的。Why didnt you come to Simons party last night?I wanted to, but my mom simply would not let me out so late at night.(2011重庆高考)你昨晚为什么没有参加Simon的聚会？我想去，但是妈妈不愿意让我自己在这么晚的时间出去。(2)will可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有“总是”或“总要”之意。Every morning he will have a walk along this river.每天早晨，他总是沿着小河散步。(3)would可以表示过去的习惯性动作，比used to正式，但没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。When we worked in the same firm several years ago, we would often go to the cinema together.当几年前我们在同一家公司工作时，我们常常一起去电影院。1(2012全国卷)Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I_ find the money.AcanBmight Cwould Dneed解析：考查情态动词。句意：如果我能找到钱，我就和John一起去欧洲度假。结合前后部分的内容可知，此处表示的是能力。故用can“能，会”。 A2(2012辽宁高考)One of our rules is that every student _ wear school uniform while at school. Amight Bcould Cshall Dwill解析：考查情态动词。句意：我们的一条规则就是，每个学生在校期间都必须穿校服。shall用于第三人称，在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示命令或规定，故选C。3(2012重庆高考)_ you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone?Sorry Sir, but its urgent.ACan BShouldCMust DWould解析：考查情态动词的用法。句意：“你偏要现在打扰我吗？难道你没有看到我正在打电话吗？”“对不起，先生，但是情况太紧急了。”must表示“偏要，硬要”，故选C项。4(2012江苏高考)Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but_ say where he was.Amustnt BshouldntCwouldnt Dmightnt解析：考查情态动词。句意：几天后，我哥哥打电话说他一切都好，但不愿意说他在哪儿。mustnt意为“禁止”；shouldnt意为“不应该”；wouldnt在此意为“不愿意”；mightnt意为“或许不”。C考点二 情态动词表推测1.(1)can表示推测时常用于否定句和疑问句，语气很强烈。Mr.Bush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the meeting?布什先生做什么事情都很准时，他怎么可能开会迟到呢？(2)can用于肯定句中，常表示客观的可能性。It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it can be rather cold sometimes.我的家乡在三月份通常很暖和，但有时候也会相当冷。2may用于肯定句中可以用来表示推测，意为“可能”；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，may not意为“可能不”，表示一种不太确定的语气。The traffic is heavy these days. I might arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place？(2009辽宁高考)这些天交通很繁忙，我可能会来晚一点，请你帮我保留个位置好吗？Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they may just be quiet people.(2009安徽高考)言语不多的人未必就是害羞。他们或许就是安静的人。3must 表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必定”，表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句或否定句中要用can)。Its the office！So you must know eating is not allowed here.Oh, sorry.(2009湖南高考)这是办公室！所以你一定知道这里不许吃东西。噢，对不起。4should 用来表示推测时意为“应该”，即含有“按道理来说应当如此”的意思。There shouldnt be any difficulty passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.因为你在驾校训练了那么多，通过路考应该没什么困难。(2012潍坊市模拟)Dont worry. Ive just sent an ambulance to you. They_ be there any second.Acould Bmight Cwould Dshould解析：考查情态动词。既然已经派去了救护车，那么他们“应该”随时会赶到。should在本句中表示预期“应该会，可能”。D3(2011江西高考)It_ be the postman at the door.Its only six oclock.Amustnt BcantCwont Dneednt解析：考查情态动词。句意：门口不可能是邮递员，(现在)才六点钟。 对现在的否定推测，由Its only six oclock.分析可知应用cant“不可能”。mustnt“禁止”； wont“不会”； neednt“不必”，均不合句意。 B考点三 情态动词+have done的用法1.can/could have done表示“本来可以做，而实际上未做”或者“过去可能做过”，疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为表示怀疑或不肯定，其中cant have done多用于语气强烈的否定，意为“不可能做过”。Sorry, Cathy, I didnt know that you were badly short of money then. But you could have asked me for help.(2013甘肃高三联合测试)对不起，Cathy，我不知道你当时急需用钱，但是你本可以向我求助。2may/might have done表示对过去行为的推测，意为“可能做过”。might所表示的可能性比较弱，语气较委婉。此外might have done可表示“本可能做而实际上未做”。Sorry, Im late.I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.对不起，我迟到了。我可能把闹钟关掉后又睡着了。3must have done表示对过去行为的推测，意为“一定，想必”，语气十分肯定。Ye Shiwen was lucky to win two gold medals in London Olympic Games.She must have gone through tough training.真幸运，叶诗文在伦敦奥运会上获得两枚金牌。她肯定受过严格的训练。4should/ought to have done表示过去本来应该做某事而实际上却没有做；shouldnt/ought not to have done表示过去本来不应该做某事而实际上却做了。这一用法往往含有责备的意味。I shouldnt have watched that movie itll give me horrible dreams.(2010山东高考)我本不应该看那部电影它会令我做噩梦。5neednt have done表示本来不必做某事而实际上却做了。Mark neednt have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.(2010天津高考)马克本没必要那么匆忙。他以最快速度开车，结果早到了半个小时。1(2012江西高考)We_ have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner.Amay not BneedntCcant Dmustnt 解析：考查情态动词。句意：既然Suzie不和我们一起吃晚饭，那我们就没有必要买这么多食物。根据“now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner”可知选B，neednt have done表示“本没有必要做某事而实际上却做了”。B2(2012北京高考)We_ the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me?Ashould face Bmight face Ccould have faced Dmust have faced解析：考查情态动词。句意：我们本可以共同面对困难，可你为什么不告诉我呢？后半句用的是一般过去时，由此可知前半句是对过去情况的推测，所以用“情态动词have done”形式。could have done表示过去本可以做某事，而实际上却没有做，符合句意。C3(2011江苏高考)I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone_it. Awill have stolen Bmight have stolenCshould have stolen Dmust have stolen解析：考查情态动词。从对话情景可知他们在谈论过去的可能性：有人可能把手提包偷走了，因此选择might have stolen。B考点四 虚拟语气在条件句中的用法1.if条件句中虚拟语气的用法if条件从句 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式表示现在情况 动词过去式(be的过去式用were) should/would/could/might动词原形表示过去情况had过去分词 should/would/could/mighthave过去分词表示未来情况should动词原形 should/would/could/might动词原形 动词过去式 were to动词原形(1)与现在事实相反We would go with you if we had time.如果我们有时间，就和你一起去。(2)与过去事实相反We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold hadnt offered us a ride home.(2012天津高考)如果昨天Harold没送我们回家，我们会打出租车回家的。(3)与将来事实相反If it should rain this afternoon, the basketball match would be put off.要是今天下午下雨，篮球比赛就延期举行。虚拟语气中的倒装：如果条件句中有were,had,should 等助动词，可将if省略，而把were,had或should置于句首,来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思1) If you had taken my advice, youd have passed the exam.=Had you taken my advice, youd have passed the exam.2) If it were to rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting.=Were it to rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting.3) If he should not come tomorrow, we would put off the meeting till next week=Should he not come tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting till next week.2混合虚拟语气/错综虚拟语气即条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致，多见从句用过去完成时（表示与过去相反），主句用would/ could / should/ might+ do(表示与现在相反)，如：1）If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be quite all right now. 2）He would pass the test if he had taken my advice. 3）If we had driven in turns yesterday, you would feel better now. I actually believe that we would be in Xian now if you hadnt been caught drunk driving last month.(2012北京海淀二模)事实上，我认为如果上个月你没因酒驾被逮住的话，我们现在就在西安呢。3含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气 即用without(but for) “要不是”, or(else) “否则”, otherwise, if it were not for/ if it had not been for(=without/ but for),but代替if从句。1）Without/But for his help, we wouldnt have made such great progress.If there hadnt been/we hadnt got his help, we wouldnt have made such great progress.2）She would have come here, but she was too busy with her homework. She would have come here, if she had not been too busy with her homework.I would have come sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.(2011天津高考)我本该早一些到，但我不知道他们在等我。I couldnt have gone through that bitter period without your generous help.(2011陕西高考)假如当时没有您慷慨相助，我就不会度过那段艰难的时期。1(2012陕西高考)If my car_ more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.Awas Bhad been Cshould be Dwould be解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我的车更可靠的话，我去年夏天会开车去拉萨而不是坐飞机去。此处是对过去事情的假设，故条件句用过去完成时，主句用should/could/mighthave done。B2(2012安徽高考)Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she_ there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.Alives Bwould liveChas lived Dwere to live解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：Grace不想搬到纽约，因为她认为，如果她住到那里去，她就不能经常看到父母了。主句“Grace doesnt want to move to New York”说明Grace尚未搬到纽约，故此处表示的是对将来的虚拟，if引导的虚拟条件从句中可使用过去式或should动词原形或were to动词原形，D项当选。 D3(2012福建高考)We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we_ more places of interest yesterday.A.visited Bhad visitedCwould visit Dwould have visited解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：我们在那个小村庄里迷了路，否则我们昨天会看到更多的名胜。本题是由otherwise引出的含蓄条件句。由时间状语yesterday可知，此处是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故选D。4(2012浙江高考)Had they known what was coming next, they_ second thoughts.Amay have Bcould haveCmust have had Dmight have had解析：考查虚拟语气。根据“Had they known .”可知，此处是省略了if的条件句，表示与过去事实相反的假设，所以主句用should/would/could/mighthave done结构，故D项正确。考点五 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法1. 用于主语从句中:(1) It is suggested / requested / demanded/ordered/desired/proposed/advised/insisted + that 从句中, 从句用 (should) + 动词原形: eg: Its suggested that the meeting (should)be put off till next week. It was ordered that the wounded soldiers be sent to the field hospital at once.注意：“坚决要命”类动词所接的四种名词性从句（主从、宾从、表从、同位语从句）中用法都如此。“坚决要命”:insist, advise, suggest, propose; require, request, desire, demand; order, command(2)用在 It is necessary / important / strange / natural / surprising / essential / vital/ a pity+从句中, 从句用(should) + 动 词原形 : eg: It is necessary that the customs of all national minorities be respected. It is strange that he should have said so. It is not surprising that Alfred should have married Amy.2. 用于宾语从句中:1)wish后跟宾语从句时用虚拟语气。对现在情况的假设： wish主语动词过去式(be用were)对过去情况的假设： wish主语had过去分词对将来情况的假设： wish主语would动词原形How I wish _ a bird and could fly freely in the sky!（be）I wish I _ so many mistakes in the last exam.( make )How I wish it _ raining now!(be)were had not made werentI wish that I hadnt agreed to go to Jims party, for I have to do some extra work tonight.(2012北京东城二模)我要是当时没有答应参加吉姆的聚会就好了，因为今晚我必须做一些额外的工作。2)would rather后的宾语从句中，表示愿望，意为“宁愿；但愿”。用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he focused more on its culture.(2010江苏高考)乔治将要谈论关于他的国家的地理情况，但是我宁愿他更多地谈它的文化(方面的情况)。Id rather you hadnt told him the news.(3)在advise, demand, insist, order, propose, request, require, suggest后用should + 动词原形, should可以省略:eg. He suggested we (should) start off early the next day. We insisted they not be present at such gathering. He ordered that all (should) take part in the work. They requested that we (should) have lunch with them.但是: 当suggest表示“暗示,表明” insist表示“坚持认为”时,不用虚拟语气:eg. The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.3. 用于表语从句中:在advice, demand, order, proposal, request, suggestion 等后面的表语从句中:eg. My advice is that he wait till next week. Her suggestion is that we should learn all the texts by heart. The generals order was that all the soldiers reach the border in ten hours.4. 用于同位语从句中: 在advice, demand, order, proposal, request, suggestion 等后面的同位语从句中, 如:E.g. We all agree to his suggestion that we go to the Happy Valley for an outing. Order came that the soldiers be sent to the border. Here is the doctors advice that you should take the medicine 4 times a day.考点六：其他句型中的虚拟语气1.在It is (high) time that 句型中, 定语从句的谓语动词用过去时, 或should + 动词原形(should不能省略):eg. It is (high) time that you went to school. Its time you did something about it. It is (high) time that we should start out.Its high time that we devoted ourselves to environmental protection and ecological improvement.(2012浙江六校联盟第一次联考)是我们致力于环境保护和生态改善的时候了。2. 用于 if only(要是就好了) 引导的感叹句中，用法同wish , 如:eg. If only I were a bird! If only I had known her telephone number / e-mail address! If only I hadnt lost it! If only the letter had arrived in time! 3 用于as if, as though 引导的从句时:以as if 、as though（似乎，仿佛）引出的方式状语从，如果表示真实情况应该用陈述语气；如果表示非真实情况则应该用虚拟语气, 与现在相反用过去时，与过去相反用过去完成时。如：点津如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。It looks as if its going to rain.天看上去似乎要下雨。（事情可能会发生）The little boy knows so many things as if he were an adult.He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.Better take an umbrella with you. It look as if a heven rain is around the corner.4. May + 动词原形，表示祝愿.如: May the friendship between our two peoples last forever! May you succeed! May the plan work!1(2013临沂一模)I would rather he_ a hand to lift the heavy box upstairs. However, to my disappointment, he didnt.Awould give Bshould giveCgave Dhad given解析：考查虚拟语气。would rather 引导的从句中，谓语动词用一般过去时表示对现在或将来的愿望，用过去完成时表示对过去的愿望。根据However后面的内容可知，此处表示对过去的愿望，故选D。2(2012辽宁高考)Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he_ something instead of just talking. Awill do Bhas doneCdo Ddid 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：Jack总爱夸夸其谈，他该做点事了，而不仅仅是空谈。这里是 “Its (high/about) time that .”句型， 从句谓语应用一般过去时或“should动词原形”。D3(2011北京高考)Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they_always late.Awerent Bhadnt beenCwouldnt be Dwouldnt have been解析：考查虚拟语气。根据问句句意“孩子们现在在哪里？” 可知wish 后的宾语从句应用动词的过去式，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，故答案为A。课后演练提升.语法与单选1(2013长春高中毕业班第一次调研)Just as Jane is doing her homework，_ you bother her with playing the piano now?AmayBcanCmust Dshall解析：考查情态动词。句意：Jane正在写作业，你偏要现在弹钢琴打扰她吗？这里must表示“偏要，非得”，其他选项都无此用法，故选C项。2(2013陕西咸阳高三模拟)Where is Mr. Jack?He_ have gone far his mobile phone is still on the desk.Ashouldnt BmustCcouldnt Dmight解析：考查情态动词。答句句意：他不可能走远他的手机还在桌子上。couldnt have done sth.意为“不可能做过某事”，表示对过去的否定推测。C3(2013河北普通高中模拟)The boy_ be really annoying at times, but after a while, youll get used to him.Amust BshouldCshall Dcan解析：考查情态动词。根据句意“那个男孩有时候真的让人恼火，但是过一会儿，你就会习惯的”可知，此处应用can，表示“有时会”。故选D项。4(2013江西重点中学盟校高三第一次联考)It is important to know about the cultural differences that_ cause problems.Amust BdareCmay Dshall解析：考查情态动词。句意：了解有可能会带来麻烦的文化差异是重要的。此处may表示不确定的推测，意为“有可能”。C5(2013山西部分重点高中高三联考测试)The constant rise of meat price requires that effective measures_ by the government.Amust be taken Bbe takenCwill be taken Dshould take解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：肉价的持续上涨要求政府采取有效措施。require后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，be taken前省略了should。B6(2013湖南十二校二次联考)If you dare to break the rules of the game, you_ be punished.Ashall BmightCcan Dwould解析：考查情态动词。句意：如果你敢违反比赛规则，你就会受到惩罚。shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方的许诺、命令、警告、威胁等。A7(2012温州二测)It is beyond my understanding that many adults_ be so crazy about Harry Potter.Awill BcanCmay Dshould解析：考查情态动词。句意：我不理解的是竟然有那么多成年人迷恋哈利波特。should表示“竟然”，符合题意。D8(2013衡阳一次联考)According to the air traffic rules, you_ switch off your mobile phone before boarding.Amay Bcan Cwould Dshall解析：考查情态动词。句意：根据空中交通规则，在登机前，你必须关闭手机。shall用在条约、规章、法令等文件中表示义务或规定，意为“应，必须”。D9(2012宝鸡二检)_ more effort into my training, that gold medal would have been mine.AHad I put BShould I putCIf I put DIf I should put解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我训练时再努力一些，那个金牌就会是我的了。本句是对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句用had过去分词。另外，当虚拟条件句中有had时，if可省略，从句主谓要倒装。故答案选A。10(2013河北普通高中模拟)Did you go to the fashion show last week?I_， but I was fully occupied the whole week.Amust go Bmust have gone Cwould go Dwould have gone解析：考查虚拟语气。根据答语中的“but I was fully occupied”可知，此处是对过去事实的虚拟，应用would have done结构，表示“过去应该做而实际上未做”，据此选D项。11(2013哈尔滨模考)This lifeboat is for women and children only. You_ wait.Ashould BneedCcan D