中考英语复习 被动语态.ppt

英语被动语态 英语的语态 主动语态和被动语态 语态是动词的一种形式 用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系 英语的语态共有两种 主动语态和被动语态 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式 一般说来 只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态 汉语往往用 被 受 给 等词来表示被动意义 如 Heopenedthedoor 他打开了这扇门 主动语态 Thedoorwasopened 这扇门被打开了 被动语态 需要强调动作的承受者时 用被动语态 Theroomhasn tbeencleanedyet 什么时候要用被动语态呢 不知道动作的执行者是谁 用被动语态 Footballisplayedallovertheworld 没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者 用被动语态 Thebridgewasbuiltlastyear 当动作的执行者不是人时 多用被动语态 如 Thewindowwasblownbywind 窗户被风吹开了 汉语中含有 据说 据悉 有人说 大家说 等客观的说明时 例如 Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouse ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS Itiswellknownthat 众所周知 Itissupposedthat 据推测说 汉语中含有 被 由 等词时 例如 TinaisaskedtocomebyPaul Tina是被Paul叫来的 某些句子习惯上用被动语态 例如 HewasborninOctober 1989 助动词be 动词过去分词 根据句子的主语和时态 助动词be的变化是通过人称 数和时态的变化表现出来的 疑问式和否定式的变化也如此 有am is are was were been几个形式变化 被动语态的谓语构成 各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表 主动语态变被动语态解题步骤 1 找宾语 即动作的承受者 Theymakeshoesinthatfactory Shoes 2 判断宾语的单复数 即be动词的单复数 arewere 3 判断动词的时态 即be动词的时态 4 修改谓语的时态 即原句动词改为过去分词 made 5 修改原句的主语 即by 主语 宾语 bythem 主动句中谓语动词的发出者由by引出 作为by的宾语 也可以省略 请看以下主动语态和被动语态结构的转换 主动语态 主语 谓语 宾语被动语态 例 Wecleanourclassroomeveryday 主动 注意 把主动语态改为被动语态时 句子的时态不能变 如上例 所给的主动句子是一般现在时 改为被动语态时 也要用一般现在时 如果主动句中的主语是人称代词 改为被动句时作介词by的宾语 要用宾格 如上例中的主语we改为us 主语 by 宾语 be 过去分词 Ourclassroom iscleaned byus everyday 被动 各种时态的被动语态 1 Theymakeshoesinthatfactory Shoesaremade bythem inthatfactory S 主语 am is are 过去分词 一般现在时被动语态 Heridesthemotorbiketohisfactoryeveryday Themotorbikeisriddentohisfactoryeveryday WecallthesnowmanMrStrong ThesnowmaniscalledMr Strong Weusuallyhearhimplayinthenextroom Heisusuallyheardtoplayinthenextroom Presenttense am isare done 1 LiMingdrivesthebusthroughthecity Thebus byLiMingthroughthecity 2 Theylookafterthechildrenwell Thechildren well bythem 3 Thepolicemanstopsusatthestation We bythepolicemanatthestation 4 Hisfathertellsthemastoryeveryday They astoryeveryday 5 Theysellfruiteveryday Fruit by everyday isdriven arelookedafter arestopped aretold issoldthem Thebankwasrobbedyesterday Aman madesatellitewassentupintospacelastyear Theshoesweresoldoutyesterday Theshoeswerenotsoldoutyesterday Weretheshoessoldoutyesterday Yes theywere No theyweren t 被动语态的构成 be vt p p 一般过去时 was were v p p 一般过去时被动语态 Heboughthisfriendsomefruitsyesterday Hisfriendwasboughtsomefruitsyesterday Somefruitswereboughtforhisfriendyesterday Pasttense was were done 1 LiMingdrovethebusthroughthecity Thebus byLiMingthroughthecity 2 Theylookedafterthechildrenwell Thechildren well bythem 3 Thepolicemanstoppedusatthestation We bythepolicemanatthestation wasdriven werelookedafter werestopped Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays Yourbookmaybetakenaway Thesetreesshouldbeplantedatonce 情态动词 aux v must can could may be v p p 被动语态的构成 be vt p p Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays Thiswatchcannotberepaired Canthiswatchberepairedintwodays Yes itcan No itcan t 情态动词的被动语态 Hecancarrythebasketeasily Thebasketcanbeeasilycarriedbyhim Theycansingsomebeautifulsongs Somebeautifulsongscanbesungbythem Wemustputtheminthefridge Thedogsthought Theymustbeputinthefridge Thedogsthought ExercisesforPassiveVoice 7 1 Youmustreturnthebookstohimatonce Thebooks tohimatonce 2 Hecanfinishtheworkintwodays Thework by intwodays 3 Weshouldcleanthemachineeveryday Themachine everyday 4 Theymayfixthecarinthreedays Thecar by inthreedays 5 Shewillbuyanotherbikesoon Anotherbike by soon mustbereturned canbefinishedhim shouldbecleaned maybefixedthem willbeboughther 3 Theywillfinishtheworkintendays Theworkwillbefinished bythem intendays 一般将来时被动语态 S will be 过去分词 Theyaregoingtohaveaneveningpartytomorrow Aneveningpartyisgoingtobehadtomorrow Futuretensewith begoingto begoingto be done 10 1 Heisgoingtowritedownthestory Thestoryisgoingto downby 2 Theyaregoingtobuildthebridge Thebridgeisgoingto bythem 3 Shewasgoingtoreadthebook Thebookwasgoingto by 4 HisbrotherisgoingtospeakEnglishinclass Englishisgoingto byhiminclass 5 YouaregoingtoanswerthephonefromSH ThephonefromShanghaiisgoingto byyou Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow 现在进行时被动语态 S am is are being 过去分词 Theyareholdingasportsmeetingnow Asportsmeetingisbeingheld bythem now Someworkerswerepaintingtheroomsat10 00yesterday Theroomswerebeingpaintedbysomeworkersat10 00yesterday 过去进行时被动语态 S was were being 过去分词 Wehavemadetwentymorekeys Twentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus 现在完成时被动语态 S have has been 过去分词 Workershavebuiltthehousesincetwoyearsago Thehousehasbeenbuiltsincetwoyearsago have has been done 1 Thedoctorhassavedmanypeople slives Manypeople slives bythedoctor 2 Thedustmenhaven tcollectedtherubbish Therubbish bythedustmenyet 3 Theyhavesoldoutthemagazines Themagazines by 4 Someonehasjustbrokentheglass Theglass just bysomeone havebeensaved hasn tbeencollected havebeensoldout them hasbeenbroken Wehadmadetwentymorekeysbytheendoflastweek Twentymorekeyshadbeenmadebyusbytheendoflastweek 过去完成时被动语态 S had been 过去分词 Wehadreceivedmanylettersbytheendoflastweek Manylettershadbeenreceivedbytheendoflastweek 过去将来时被动语态 S would be 过去分词 Theywouldhaveapartythenextday Apartywouldbehad bythem thenextday Theywouldhaveapartythenextday Apartywouldbehad bythem thenextday 四 几种值得注意的被动语态变化 一些使役动词 let have make等 或感观动词 see hear watch notice等 在动语态中后面接的动词不定式不带to 但改为被动语态时 要补上to 如 Thebossmakestheworkerswork18hoursaday Theworkersaremadetowork18hoursadaybytheboss Isawhimenterthehouse Hewasseentoenterthehousebyme Theteacherletthemleavetheclassroomafterclass Theywerelettoleavetheclassroombytheteacherafterclass Wehearhersingintheroomeveryday Sheisheardtosingintheroomeveryday 注意 当使用see hear watchsbdoingsth时 变为被动语态时 doing保持不变 如 Isawhimgoingintotheshop 主动 Hewasseengoingintotheshop 被动 使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表 go 含有短语的被动语态结构 一般来说 只有及物动词才有被动语态 因为只有及物动词才有承受者 但许多不及物动词加上副词或介词构成动词短语也相当于及物动词的用法 可以带宾语 因而也有被动语态 动词短语主要有三种 A及物动词 副词如 turnoff setup carryout putoff takeaway turnon handin moveaway passon writedown putaway puton takedown sendaway tryon putdown sellout holdon tryout sendup takeoff wearout wakeup takeout dressup giveback workout getback findout pickup giveup pullup putup等B不及物动词 介词如 lookaftertalkaboutplaywith等 C 动词 名词 介词 构成的短语 如 takecareof payattentionto makeuseof等动词短语是不可分割的整体 在变被动语态时 不可丢掉构成动词短语的副词或介词 请看下面的例子 Theysetupthefactoryin2000 Thefactorywassetupin2000 OurschoolwillputofftheSchoolSportsmeetinguntilDecember TheSchoolSportsmeetingwillbeputoffuntilDecember Peoplehavetalkedabouttheaccident Theaccidenthasbeentalkedabout Youshouldpaymoreattentiontoyourstudythisyear Yourstudyshouldbepaidmoreattentiontothisyear 带有介词或副词的动词短语 在改为被动语态时 不能把介词或副词拆开 带有双宾语的被动结构在句中的使用 有些动词可以带两个宾语 即指人的间宾和指物的直宾 可以将其中一个宾语提到前面做主语 另一个留在后面 A Herparentsboughtheranewcomputeryesterday Shewasboughtanewcomputeryesterday Anewcomputerwasboughtforheryesterday B Theyhavegivenmesomegoodadvice Ihavebeengivensomegoodadvice Somegoodadvicehasbeengiventome C ShewillwritealonglettertoDavidSmith AlongletterwillbewrittentoDavidSmith DavidSmithwillbewrittenalongletter buysthforsb givesthtosb 带双宾语的动词主要有以下几个 give buy sell take bring make hand pass keep send等带双宾语的动词 改为被动语态 当用直接宾语作主语时 要根据动词的习惯配搭 要在间接宾语前补上介词to或for 它们的句型主要有以下几个 givesthtosb givesbsth buysthforsb buysbsth sellsthtosb sellsbsth takesthtosb takesbsth bringsthtosb bringsbsth makesthforsb makesbsth handsthtosb handsbsth passsthtosb passsbsth keepsthforsb keepsbsth sendsthtosb sendsbsth例 Hepassedmesomepaper 主动 Somepaperwaspassedtomebyhim 被动 Youmustkeepsomefruitforhim 主动 Somefruitmustbekeptforhim 被动 1 不及物动词没有被动语态 如 belong happen takeplace last cometrue remain succeed fall die arrive 等 Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscity Thatbikedoesn tbelongtoMike 不用被动语态的几种情况 不用被动语态的几种情况 2 表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态 have fit IhaveaTVset Thecoatfitsmewell 3 祈使句一般没有被动语态 正 Lookattheblackboard please 误 Theblackboardislookedatbyyou 不用被动语态的几种情况 4 系动词没有被动态和进行时态 这鱼味道很好 这条围巾摸上去很软 Thefishtastesgood Thescarffeelssoft 5 反身代词在句中作宾语时 不能用被动语态 正 Youmustlookafteryourself 误 Yourselfmustbelookedafter 6 某些动词形式是主动 但含有被动的意思 这书很好卖 这种布很好洗 Thebooksellswell Thiskindofclothwashesverywell 这书卖完了 Thebookissoldout Thewatchneedsmending Thewatchneedstobemended Weneedtomendthewatch 这块表需要修理一下 把下列主动句改为被动句 1 Theboycleanedthedeskamomentago Thedeskwascleanedbytheboyamomentago 2 Wewillplant2000treesnextyear 2000treeswillbeplantedbyusnextyear 3 Youmustkeeptheroomcleanandtidy Theroommustbekeptcleanandtidybyyou 4 Thepolicehavecaughtthethief Thethiefhasbeencaughtbythepolice 5 Thefarmersarecuttingdownthetreesonthehill Thetreesonthehillarebeingcutdownbythefarmers Fillintheblanks1 He buy adictionarylastSunday Butthisdictionary notbuy byhim 2 TheLeague found in1922 3 Look Thatchild sing thissong Andit sing bymanychildren too 4 They mend 10desksalready 5 Heisveryill He dbetter take tothehospital 6 It snow hardnowandtheground cover withsnowsoon bought wasn tbought wasfounded issinging issung havemended betaken issnowing willbecovered 7 YesterdayI make onekite Theothertwo make byKate 8 Shewasseen help thatoldman 9 We do homeworkeverydayanditmust do carefully 10 Therearefourboys plant treesintheparkandthereare10moretrees plant tobeplanted planting bedone do made weremade tohelp 1 Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings Knives forcuttingthings 2 Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth Thewindowsoftheirclassroom twiceamonth areused are cleaned 变被动语态 七嘴八舌 3 Ifoundtheticketonthefloor onthefloor 4 Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime She toreturnthebookintime Theticketwasfound wastold 3 Wefoundtheticketonthefloor 5 Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday He onlytwomealsaday 6 Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem Nowcomputers tohelpthem wasmadetohave canbe used 7 Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear atthistimelasttime 8 Mustwefinishourworktoday ourwork today Weremanytreesplanted Mustbefinished 9 Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps 1 somewonderfulstamps 2 Somewonderfulstamps weweregiven were giventous 10 TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer Tom toturnonthecomputer 11 Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework Mostofthework bywomeninthisfactory wasasked isdone 12 Hecanmendthebikeintwodays Thebike intwodays 13 Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday Thismedicine threetimesaday canbemended mustbe taken 14 ThestudentsinthisschoolstudyGerman German bythestudentsinthisschool 15 Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion thisquestionoften about isstudied Is talked bythem 1Stamps bypeopleforsendingletters A useB usingC usedD areused 2 Mustoldpeople topolitely A speakB spokenC bespokeD bespoken3 Bikemustn t everywhere A beupB beputC putC putting4 Thewomanfelloffthebikeand ontheroad A layB waslainC liedD haslain D D B A 5 Theoldmanandthechildren inourcountry A musttakegoodcare B mustbetakegoodcareofC musttakegoodcareofDmustbetakengoodcareof6 Alltreesmust wellwhenitisdry A bewaterB wateringC waterD bewatered7 Ithinktheshop No it sopen It atsix close closeBclosed closedC closed closesD isclosed closes D D D 将下列句子变为被动语态 每空一词 1 Wecanfinishtheworkintwodays Thework intwodays 2 TheyproducesilkinSuzhou Silk inSuzhou 3 ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong AnEnglishsong bythechildren 4 Youneedn tdoitnow It byyounow 5 LucysentmeaNewYearCardlastweek ANewYearCard mebyLucylastweek 6 Hemademedothatforhim I thatforhim 7 Ihavegiventhisbooktothelibrary Thisbook tothelibrary canbefinished isproduced willbesung needn tbedone wassentto wasmadetodo hasbeengiven 1 Riceinthesouthofchina AgrowsBisgrownCaregrownDgrew2 Englishbyuseverymorning AisBreadsCarereadDisread3 Acarin1885 AwereinventedBwasinventedCisinventedDinvented4 Theshoplastnight AisrobbedBwasrobbedCarerobbedDopened5 Theworkmustintwoweeks AbefinishBbefinishedCfinishDwillfinis B D B B B 5 Theworkmustintwoweeks AbefinishBbefinishedCfinishDwillfinish6 Thosethingsmaytotheroom AmoveBmovedCbemovedDaremoved7 Wherethecars Aare madeBdo makeCwere madeDis made8 Thetrainstationin1981 AisbuiltBarebuiltCwasbuiltDwerebuilt B C C C 1 ThePeople sRepublicofChina onOctober1 1949 A foundB wasfoundedC isfoundedD wasfound2 English inCanada A speaksB arespokenC isspeakingD isspoken3ThisEnglishsong bythegirlsafterclass A oftensingsB oftensangC isoftensangD isoftensung4 Thiskindofcar inJapan A makesB madeC ismakingD ismade 5 Newcomputers allovertheworld A isusedB areusingC areusedD haveused6 Ourroommust clean A keepB bekeptC tobekeptD tokeep7 I dliketobuythatcoat I msorry A itsoldB it ssellingC It sbeensoldD ithadbeensold8 Anewhouse atthecorneroftheroad A isbuildingB isbeingbuiltC beenbuiltD bebuilding 9 Thekey onthetablewhenIleave A wasleftB willbeleftC isleftD hasbeenleft10 Doctors ineverypartoftheworld A needB areneedingC areneededD willneed11 Hisnewbook nextmonth A willbepublishedB ispublishingC isbeingpublishedD hasbeenpublished12 Japanese ineverycountryA isnotspokenB arespokenC isspeakingD isnotspeaking 13 Thesepapers yet A havenotwrittenB havenotbeenwrittenC hasnotwrittenD hasnotbeenwritten14 Thesportsmeet behelduntilnextweek A didn tB won tC isn tD doesn t15 Myshoesarewornout A Can ttheybemended B Letmehavealookatit C Howmuchdotheycost D Can ttheymended 16 thewatchbeenrepairedyet Ibadlyneedit A DoesB HasC IsD Are17 thesedesksbeneeded A WillB AreC HasD Do 18 Why totalkaboutityesterday A didn tameetingholdB wasn tameetingheldC wasn theldameetingD ameetingwasn theld19 Whowasthebook A writeB wroteC writtenD writtenby20 Where theseboxesmade A wasB wereC isD am21 Theflowers often A mustbewaterB mustbewateredC mustwateredD mustwater 22 Thebooksmay fortwoweeks A bekeptB beborrowedC keepD borrow23 Theteachermadehim hishomework A todoB doC didD done24 Theboy streetswithoutpayintheolddays A wasmadetocleanB madecleanC madetocleanD wasmadeclean25 Thesechildren dance A wereseentoB wereseenforC wereseenD sawto 26 Thesestones well arefittedB fitC fitsD isfitted27 Thebike 500yuan wascostB costedC costD iscosted28 Theimportantmeeting onacoldmorninglastyear washoldingB washeldC heldD had29 Greatchanges inthepasttenyearsinChina A tookplaceB havetakenplaceC weretakingplaceD hadtakenplace 30 I fiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot A gaveB wasgivingC hadgivenD wasgiven31 Greatchanges inourcountryduringthepast20years A havehappenedB happenedC havebeenhappenedD werehappened32 Thecoat hersister A madetoB weremadeforC wasmadeforD wasmadeto 33 Pleasepassmeanothercup Thisone isbrokenB isbreakingC brokeD broken34 Thestorybooks bythewriterinthe1960s A arewrittenB werewrittenC arewritingD werewriting35 Whattime thedoor everyday A does closedB does closingC is closedD close36 Canhe himself A getdressB getdressedC getsdressedD insteadof 37 Hefelloffhisbikeand A ishurtB getshurtC gothurtD hurt38 Thepapers tothem A wereshownB showC shownD haveshown39 Theapple verysweet istastedB tasteC tastesD aretasting