钳工预紧调整的工艺概念.doc

钳工预紧调整的工艺概念滚动轴承的装配是钳工装配和修理工作中经常要做的一项操作，而滚动轴承游隙的调整和预紧是滚动轴承装配工作的一个重要环节。准确把握游隙调整和预紧的工艺概念，并且在装配工作中正确地运用这种工艺方法，是轴承装配工作质量的保证。Rolling bearing assembly is fitter assembly and repair work often have to do an operation, and rolling bearing clearance adjustment and preload is an important part of rolling bearing assembly work. Accurately grasp the clearance adjustment and pre-tightening technology concept, and correctly use the process method in the assembly work, is the assurance of quality bearing assembly work. 预紧就是轴承在装配时，给轴承的内圈或外圈一个轴向力，以消除轴承游隙，并使滚动体与内、外圈接触处产生初变形。预紧能提高轴承在工作状态下的刚度和旋转精度。滚动轴承的游隙是指在一个套圈固定的情况下，另一个套圈沿径向或轴向的最大活动量，故游隙又分为径向游隙和轴向游隙两种。When assembly is preloaded bearing, bearing inner ring or outer ring an axial force, to eliminate the bearing clearance, and allow the roller in contact with the inner and outer ring the early deformations. Preloaded can improve the bearing stiffness and rotation accuracy at work. The clearance of rolling bearings is to point to in the case of a ring is fixed and another ring along the radial or the axial maximum activity, so the clearance is divided into radial clearance and axial clearance. 对于承受载荷较大，旋转精度要求较高的轴承，大都是在无游隙甚至有少量过盈的状态下工作的，这种情况下就需要在装配时对轴承进行预紧。滚动轴承装配时，其游隙不能太大，也不能太小。For larger load, rotating accuracy requirement high bearing, mostly without clearance there is even a small amount of interference under the condition of work, this kind of circumstance needs to be for preloaded bearing when it is assembled. Rolling bearing assembly, the clearance cant be too big, also not too small. 游隙太大，会造成同时承受载荷的滚动体的数量减少，使单个滚动体的载荷增大，从而降低轴承的旋转精度，减少使用寿命；游隙太小，会使摩擦力增大，产生的热量增加，加剧磨损，同样能使轴承的使用寿命减少。因此，许多轴承在装配时都要严格控制和调整游隙。游隙的调整和预紧通常都是采用使轴承的内圈对外圈作适当的轴向相对位移的方法来完成的。Clearance is too large, will reduce the number of rolling elements and load bearing, make single rolling element load increases, thereby reducing the rotation of the bearing accuracy, reduce the service life; Clearance is too small, can make the friction force increases, the heat generated by the increased and increased wear and also can reduce the service life of bearing. As a result, many bearing should be strictly controlled during assembly and adjust the clearance. Clearance adjustment and preload is often used to make bearing inner ring of the external circle as the proper axial relative displacement method. 从以上工艺学概念不难看出，通过对滚动轴承游隙的调整，可以提高轴承的承载能力和旋转精度，提高轴承的使用寿命。但同时会使轴承摩擦加剧，发热量增大，所以，调整游隙或预紧的同时必须保证良好的润滑和散热。如果调整不当或润滑不良，泰安锅炉就会反过来使轴承磨损加剧，寿命减少。因此，正确地进行滚动轴承游隙的调整和预紧，还要注意以下问题。It is not hard to see from the above technology concept, through to the rolling bearing clearance adjustment, can improve the bearing capacity of the bearing and rotating accuracy, improve the service life of the bearing. But at the same time can make the bearing friction intensified, the increase of calorific value, therefore, adjustment of clearance or preload must guarantee good lubrication and cooling at the same time. If improper or poor lubrication, you will in turn exacerbated bearing wear, reduce the service life. Correctly, therefore, be adjusted and preloaded clearance of rolling bearings, but also pay attention to the following questions. 滚动轴承实际的理想工作间隙，是在轴承温升稳定后所调整的间隙。因此，轴承游隙的调整应分两个阶段进行：首先在常温下按照有关的操作规范和技术要求对轴承游隙进行调整，熔铝炉至间隙合适并用手转动应感到旋转灵活；然后，将调整机构适当回松（防止试车时由于温度升高而使轴承突然抱死），进行空运转试验，从低速到高速空运转时间不超过2小时，在最高速的空运转时间不少于30分钟，轴承应运转灵活、噪声小、工作温度不超过50，最后将调整机构复位并锁紧即可。Clearance, rolling bearing the actual dream job is to adjust the gap after the bearing temperature is stable. Bearing clearance adjustment, therefore, should be out in two stages: in the first place at room temperature in accordance with the relevant operation specifications and technical requirements to adjust bearing clearance, to the appropriate clearance rotation should feel with the hand rotating flexible; Back then, adjusting mechanism appropriate loose (to prevent test run make bearing sudden death) due to temperature rise, the idle running test, from low speed to high speed running with no more than t