沪教牛津版七年级英语 UNIT 3 the earth.doc

Unit3 The Earth重点单词Earth 地球quiz 小测试pattern 模式protect 保护report 报告part 部分land 陆地field 田地large 大的provide 提供pollution 污染burn 燃烧energy 能源pollute(动词) 污染ground 地面kill 杀死important 重要的fact 事实kilometer 公里own 拥有catch 捕捉problem问题call v.呼叫，称呼，打电话给 重点短语protect the Earth 保护地球 protect sb./sth. from 保护某人/物 provide.with 为.提供 be covered by 被覆盖make energy 制造能源 o 把.倒入stop doing sth停止做某事 (不做这件事了）只指一件事 stop to do sth停下来做某事 （停止做这件事，去做另外一件事）throw away扔掉 throw about 乱扔 如：Dont throw about the waste paper.III常考句型1.The Earth provides us with air，water and food.2.Its +形容词+for sb.+to do sth.3.There be +主语+介词短语4.We can ask people not to do sth.IV详细讲解1.All plants need light and water.所有的植物都需要阳光和水。(page31)注：need在这为实义动词，可用于各种句型，有人称和数的变化。need也可作情态动词，但仅用于否定句或疑问句中，后接动词原形。例：Does he need to hand in his examination paper now?他需要现在交卷吗？-Must I finish my homework now?我必须先在完成我的作业吗？-No，you neednt.不，不需要。2.There are also many people like you and me on Earth.地球上也有很多像你我一样的人。(page31)注：also, 副词,意为“也”。例：Tom is going to Canada, Linda is also going to Canada.汤姆打算去加拿大，琳达耶也打算去。析：also, too和either三者都表示“也”，其中also和too可以替换，都可以用于肯定句和疑问句，但位置不同。also常放在实义动词前，be动词、连系动词(例如feel，不能单独作谓语，后面必须与表语连用，说明主语情况)后面；too常放在句末，too前面要加逗号。either只用于否定句。例：She plays the piano and sings, too. =She plays the piano and also sings. 她会弹琴也会唱歌。 I dont like the pink one, I dont like the red one either. 我不喜欢那个粉色的，我也不喜欢那个红色的。3.Its important for us to protect the Earth for our future. (page31)为了我们的未来，保护地球很重要。 注: Its +形容词+for sb.+to do sth.It在句中作形式主语，真正的主语为不定式to protect the Earth.动词不定式作主语，可以放在句前也可以放在句后。句中的谓语动词用单数。4.Air has no smell.空气无味。（page35） no:修饰可数名词时，相当于not a/an如：she has no brother=she doesnt have a brother 修饰不可数名词时或者可数名词复数时，相当于not any.如：There are no desk in the classroom.=There arent any desks in the classroom. 5.We can ask people not to eat shark fin soup.我们可以让人们不喝鱼翅汤。（page37） ask sb. to do sth. 要求/请求某人做某事（固定搭配） ask sb. not to do sth.要求/ 请求某人不要做某事如：Our teachers always ask us to do homework after class.IV语法一、名词的数：名词按其所表示的事物的性质可分为可数名词和不可数名词两类。可数名词有复数形式。不可数名词一般没有复数形式。可数名词的单数往往要与不定冠词a或an连用，复数则使用其复数形式。（一）可数名词1. 单数可数名词表示名词的单数，要在名词前加不定冠词a或an. a加载以辅音开头的名词前，an加在以元音开头的名词前。如： a book an apple 2. 复数可数名词 名词的复数形式是在单数名词后加上-s或“-es构成的，其复数的一般构成方法如下表：情况 构成方法 例词一般情况在词尾加sdesk-desks girl-girls以s, x, ch, sh结尾的词在词尾加-esbus-buses fish-fishes以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i再加-esfamilies party-parties以元音字母加y结尾的词在词尾加-sday-days key-keys以f或fe结尾的词变f或fe为v再加-esknife-knives wife-wives以辅音字母加o结尾的词在词尾加-espotato-potatoes hero-heroes以元音字母加-o结尾的词在词尾加-sradio-radios zoo-zoos注意：（1）少数以辅音字母加o结尾的名词变为复数时只加-s。 如：photo-photos相片 piano-pianos钢琴（2） 一些名词的不规则变化1)元音发生变化 man-men男人 woman-women女人 foot-feet脚 tooth-teeth牙2)单复数形式相同deer-deer鹿 fish-fish鱼 sheep-sheep绵羊 Chinese-Chinese中国人3)词尾发生变化child-children孩子 ox-oxen公牛4)有些名词只有复数形式clothes衣服 trousers裤子 glasses眼镜 scissors剪子（二）不可数名词1. 不可数名词的确切数量的表达方式当表示不可数名词的确切数量时，通常可在不可数名词前面加上表示数量的单位词。a glass of water一杯水 two glasses of water两杯水A kilo of meat一公斤肉 two kilos of meat两公斤肉2. 不可数名词的不确切数量的表达方式当表示不可数名词的各种大概、不确切的数量时，可运用下列单词和短语：单词：not (any) / no没有 little几乎没有 a little / some一些 most大部分， all全部 短语：a lot of / lots of /plenty of / much / a great deal of/. 许多二、There be结构there be 结构常用来表示“某时或某地有某人或某物”，其形式为“there be +名词+地点状语+时间状语”，其中be动词为谓语动词，它的形式应与紧跟其后面做主语的名词保持人称和数的一致（主谓一致、就近原则）。 例：There is a desk and four chairs in the room. 房间里有一张桌子和四把椅子。There are four chairs and a desk in the room.房间里有四把椅子和一张桌子。析: There be 结构与have(1)There be结构强调“存在关系”，而have强调“所属关系”。如:There is a boat in the river. 河里有一条船。I have a nice watch. 我有一块好看的手表。(2)表示“有”时，there be 结构不能与行为动词have连用，在表示“附属于某物/某地的东西”时，there be结构可以与have替换。如：下周三有个班会。There is going to have a class meeting next Wednesday. (错)There is going to be a class meeting next Wednesday. (对)教室墙上有四扇窗户。There are four windows in the wall of the classroom.= The classroom has four windows in the wall.课堂练习：一、根据句意及首字母提示完成单词1.They went for walks together in the f_.2.I want a l_ box; this is too small.3.It is important for us to p_ the Earth for our future.4.Plants absorb(吸收) e_ from the sun.5.We shouldnt p_ our environment.二、根据所给汉语完成句子，每空一词1.帮助他人是很重要的。_ _ _ help others.2.不要忘记把垃圾丢掉。Dont forget to _ _ your rubbish.3.我把杂志放入抽屉里。I _ the magazine _ the drawer.4.你们上星期日在公园玩得高兴吗？Did you _ _ _ _ in the park last Sunday?5.在我们的城市里有800万人。_ _ eight million _ in our city.三、写出下列名词的单复数1.brush _ 2.wife_ 3.sheep _ 4.baby _ 5.box _ 6.Japanese _ 7.watch _ 8.policeman _ 9.house_ 10.deer_ 11.teeth _ 12.men_13.are_ 14.oxen_ 15.mice_ 16.ladies_综合练习：一、选出可以替换换线部分的选项( )1.They provide the children with food and books.A. give; with B. give; / C. satisfy; with D. provide; to( )2.Today, there is a lot of pollution. A. many B. lots of C. much D. a little( )3. He reports the theft to the police.A. says B. tells C. gives information about D. speaks( )4. The stove is burning.A. on fire B. empty C. full D. in danger( )5.The pollution pollutes the Earth and kills animals and plants.A. comes into living B. causes the death of C. endangers D. destroys二、选出最佳选项填在横线上使句意完整。( )1.Benny saw three _ climbing the walls.A. thiefs B. thief C. thieves D. thieve ( )2. - Tom, what are those? - They are_.A. dears B. a dear C. deer D. deeres( )3.There _ a book and two pens on the desk.A. is B. are C. be D./( )4.The boy is thirsty, he would like _.A. A cup of tea B. a bowl of chocolateC. a box of chocolate D. a piece of bread( )5.Maths _ my favourite subject.A. is B. am C. are D. be( )6.Its important _ us to study hard.A. to B. for C. of D. with( )7.There are many plants on Earth. Some live _ the land. Some live _ the water. A. under, on B. in, under C. on. under D. under, in( )8.We must stop _ the animals! A. kill B. To kill D. killed D. killing( )9.Dont _ rubbish into the river! A. go B. throw C. pull D. push( )10. Forests are very important. They provide us _ a lot of things.A. of B. to C. with D. for三、用所给词的正确形式填空。I:用be(am, is, are)的正确形式填空。1. There _ two boxes of toys.2. Water _ very important in our daily life.3. What _ those?4. They _ going to have lunch together.5. I _ studying now.II:根据语境，用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。1. There are also many people like you and _ (I) on Earth.2. Its _ (importance) to find out what he is doing.3. There _ (be) two books and a pencil on the table.4. The young in our society need care and _ (protect).5. I went to many interesting _ (place) last year.6. Do you have any _(plant).7. _ (leaf) turn yellow in autumn.8. I have two _ (piece) of news for you.9. I want to make _ (friend) with you.10. I want three _(glass) of juice, please.四、完形填空Please have a look at this picture of a family. Are these people_41_ ? No, they are not from China. They _42_ from America. This is an _43_ girl. Her name is Kate Brown. She is new in my class. _44_ the two boys. The one in the red football clothes is Jim, the other one in black is Peter. They are the _45_ brothers, and Jim _46_ Peter. They are _47_ school. The man with glasses on his nose is _48_ father. The woman is their mother. _49_ are new teachers in our school. They _50_ us English.( )41. A. AmericansB. ChineseC. EnglishD. Japanese( )42. A. comesB. beC. are comingD. come( )43.A. AmericaB. EnglishC. AmericanD. England( )44.A. Look afterB. WatchC. LookD. Look at( )45. A. hersB. girlsC. KatesD. Kate( )46. A. looks likeB. is looking likeC. looks the sameD. look like( )47. A. go toB. inC. atD. go to the( )48. A. theyB. theirC. theirsD. them( )49. A. They B. TheirC. ThemD. Theirs( )50. A. teacher B. teachC. teachesD. teaching 补充：后元音: a: u: u : 辅音： k g a: 音标特征：后元音 低音 不圆唇 长元音发音要诀：牙床大开，口张大，双唇张开而不圆。舌身平放舌尖后缩，舌后微升，舌身微离下齿。注意长度，不要发的太短。 音标特征：后元音 半低音 不圆唇 短元音发音要诀：双唇平放，牙床半开，开口程度和 相似，双唇向两旁平伸。舌后部的靠前部分稍稍抬起，舌尖和舌端两侧触下齿，舌尖抵住下牙龈，发短促音。 u: 音标特征：后元音 高音 圆唇 长元音发音要诀：双唇成圆形，收得较 u 更圆更小，双唇向前突出，牙床近于半合。舌后部比 u 抬的更高，舌尖不触下齿，发长音 u:。注意长度，不要发的太短，口腔肌肉要始终保持紧张状态，自然而有力。u 音标特征：后元音 高音 圆唇 短元音发音要诀：双唇成圆形，稍向前突出，牙床近于半合。舌尖不触下齿，舌后部向软颚抬起，舌身后缩。舌尖离开下齿自然而不用力，发短促音 u 。: 音标特征：后元音 半低音 圆唇 长元音发音要诀：双唇向外突出成圆形，稍稍收圆，介于开闭，圆唇之间。舌后升起，比 R 略高，舌尖不触下齿。牙床半开渐至全开，舌尖卷上后在过渡微卷后。注意：双唇收得要更圆更小，并用力向前突出。注意长度，不要发得太短。 音标特征：后元音 低音 圆唇 短元音发音要诀：口张大，舌身尽量降低并后缩。先发 a: 音，然后将舌身稍稍后缩，双唇稍稍收圆(不要突出)，即可发音。 k 音标特征：舌后软颚爆破清辅音发音要诀：舌后部隆起， 舌根紧贴软颚， 形成阻碍， 然后突然张开，气流冲出口腔。声带不产生震动， 属于清辅音。在s音后面读相应的浊辅音g skill g 音标特征：舌后软颚爆破浊辅音发音要诀：舌后部隆起， 舌根紧贴软颚， 形成阻碍，然后突然张开，气流冲出口腔。声带震动， 属于浊辅音。练习：一、找出划线部分发音不同的选项、( )1.A.largeB. laughC. sofaD. vase( )2.A.fatherB. crabC. sharkD. car( )3.A.goodB.