5,12英语高频词汇.doc

剑桥2级 U9 1.N-UNCOUNT Ash is the grey or black powdery substance that is left after something is burned. You can also refer to this substance as ashes. 灰 also N in pl例：A cloud of volcanic ash is spreading across wide areas of the Philippines.一大片火山灰正在向菲律宾的大块区域扩散。例：He brushed the cigarette ash from his sleeve.他掸掉了袖子上的烟灰。2. N-PLURAL A dead persons ashes are their remains after their body has been cremated. 骨灰 例：And she asks him to go back there after her death and scatter her ashes on the lake.她还要求他在她死后回到那里并把她的骨灰撒在那个湖上。3. N-PLURAL ruins or remains, as after destruction or burning 废墟; 灰烬; 这座城市成了一片废墟。例：The city was left in ashes.4.N-VAR An ash is a tree that has smooth grey bark and loses its leaves in winter. 梣树5. N-UNCOUNT Ash is the wood from this tree. 梣木 例：The rafters are made from ash.这些椽是用梣木做的。6. N the digraph , as in Old English, representing a front vowel approximately like that of the a in Modern English hat. The character is also used to represent this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet 元音词组短语同近义词同根词fly ash 粉煤灰；飞灰 coal ash 煤灰ash content 灰分含量，含灰量soda ash 碳酸钠，苏打粉 prickly ash 植美洲花椒（等于toothache tree）Damage :vi. 损害；损毁；赔偿金n. 损害；损毁vt. 损害，毁坏1. V-T To damage an object means to break it, spoil it physically, or stop it from working properly. 破坏; 损坏 例：He maliciously damaged a car with a baseball bat.他用棒球棍恶意地损坏了一辆汽车。2. V-T To damage something means to cause it to become less good, pleasant, or successful. 损害; 例：.the electoral chaos that damaged Floridas reputation.损害佛罗里达州声誉的选举骚乱。3. damaging ADJ 有损害性的 例：The weakened currency could have damaging effects for the economy.货币贬值可能会对经济造成破坏性的影响。4. N-UNCOUNT Damage is physical harm that is caused to an object. 破坏; 损坏 例：the blast had serious effects with quite extensive damage to the house.爆炸影响严重，对房屋造成了大面积破坏。5. N-UNCOUNT Damage consists of the unpleasant effects that something has on a person, situation, or type of activity. 伤害 例：Incidents of this type cause irreparable damage to relations with the community.此类事件对与该团体的关系造成不可挽回的伤害。6. N-PLURAL If a court of law awards damages to someone, it orders money to be paid to them by a person who has damaged their reputation or property, or who has injured them. 赔偿金 例：She is seeking more than $75,000 in damages.她要求$75000以上的赔偿金。词组短语同近义词同根词词语辨析serious damage 严重损害；严重损坏brain damage 脑损伤formation damage 地层损害，油层损害；生产层损坏fatigue damage 疲劳损伤；疲劳损坏structural damage 结构损伤environmental damage 环境损害；破坏环境damage mechanics 损伤力学liver damage 肝损伤property damage 财产损失；财产损害cause damage to 对造成损坏，带来损害damage threshold 损伤阈值，损坏阈fire damage 火灾损失water damage 水渍damage assessment 损坏情况估计earthquake damage 地震破坏；地震损害physical damage 有形损坏；物理性损坏；机械损坏tissue damage 组织损伤mechanical damage 机械损伤；硬伤damage control 损害控制；破坏性控制permanent damage 永久损伤Dead:adj. 无生命的；呆板的；废弃了的adv. 完全地n. 死者1. ADJ A person, animal, or plant that is dead is no longer living. 死的 例：Youre a widow?Yes. My husbands been dead a year now.“你是个寡妇？”“是的，我丈夫去世1年了。”例：The group had shot dead another hostage.这伙人又打死了一名人质。2. N-PLURAL The dead are people who are dead. 死者 例Two American soldiers were among the dead.死者中有两名美军士兵。3. ADJ If you describe a place or a period of time as dead, you do not like it because there is very little activity taking place in it. 无生气的 表不满例：.some dead little town where the liveliest thing is the flies.最有活力的东西是苍蝇的死气沉沉的某个小镇。4. ADJ Something that is dead is no longer being used or is finished. 用尽的; 结束的 例：The dead cigarette was still between his fingers.燃尽的香烟还夹在他指缝间。5. ADJ If you say that an idea, plan, or subject is dead, you mean that people are no longer interested in it or willing to develop it any further. 过时的; 不再重要的 例：Its a dead issue, Baxter.这件事已经不重要了，巴克斯特。6. ADJ A telephone or piece of electrical equipment that is dead is no longer functioning, for example, because it no longer has any electrical power. 不运转的 例：On another occasion I answered the phone and the line went dead.还有一次我接了电话，但紧接着就断线了。7. ADJ Dead is used to mean complete or absolute, especially before the words centre, silence, and stop. 全然的; 绝对的 ADJ n 强调 例：They hurried about in dead silence, with anxious faces.他们四下忙乱，人人一言不发，面有忧色。8. ADV Dead means precisely or exactly. 精确地 ADV prep/adv/adj 强调 例：Mars was visible, dead in the centre of the telescope.火星清晰可辨，正好就在望远镜的中心。9. CONVENTION If you reply Over my dead body when a plan or action has been suggested, you are emphasizing that you dislike it, and will do everything you can to prevent it. 除非我死了 (表示强烈反对) 非正式例：Lets invite her to dinner.Over my dead body!“我们请她共进晚餐吧。”“除非我死了!”10. PHRASE If you say that a person or animal dropped dead or dropped down dead, you mean that they died very suddenly and unexpectedly. 猝死 例：He dropped dead of a heart attack.他心脏病突发而猝死。11. PHRASE If you say that you feel dead or are half dead, you mean that you feel very tired or ill and very weak. 累得半死的 非正式 例：I thought you looked half dead at dinner, and who could blame you after that trip.我觉得你晚饭的时候看上去累得要命，但在那次旅行之后谁会怪你呢。12. PHRASE If something happens in the dead of night, at dead of night, or in the dead of winter, it happens in the middle part of the night or the winter, when it is darkest or coldest. 在深夜; 在严冬 文学性例：All three incidents occurred in the dead of night.3起事件都发生在深夜。13. PHRASE If you say that you wouldnt be seen dead or be caught dead in particular clothes, places, or situations, you are expressing strong dislike or disapproval of them. 决不 非正式例：I wouldnt be seen dead in a straw hat.我决不戴草帽。14. PHRASE To stop dead means to suddenly stop happening or moving. To stopsomeone or something dead means to cause them to suddenly stop happening or moving. 突然停止例：We all stopped dead and looked at it.我们都突然停下来看着它。15. to stop dead in your tracks see track词组短语同近义词同根词词语辨析dead on adj. 完全正确的；十分精确的（等于dead-on）dead body 死尸dead against 正对着；竭力反对dead sea 死海dead end 死胡同，尽头dead of night 深夜；夜深人静的时候dead man 冗员；口空瓶子dead zone 死区（电波不能到达的地区）；盲区；静区dead time 化停滞时间；经窝工时间dead load 恒载；静负荷on the dead 美国俚语当真，一点不假；老实说 dead horse 预付的工资；旧债；无益的事dead angle n. 死角dead center 死点；机静点dead dog n. 没用的人，废物；无用的东西dead set 决定性攻击；猛烈攻击dead space 解死腔；解无效区；电子无信号区dead ahead 正前方dead fish 死鱼dead band 死区；无控制作用区Destroy :vt. 破坏；消灭；毁坏1. V-T To destroy something means to cause so much damage to it that it is completely ruined or does not exist any more. 摧毁 例：Thats a sure recipe for destroying the economy and creating chaos.那是一个摧毁经济、制造混乱的注定因素。2. V-T To destroy someone means to ruin their life or to make their situation impossible to bear. 毁掉 例：If I was younger or more naive, the criticism would have destroyed me.要是我年轻点儿或幼稚点儿，这批评可能已经把我毁了。3. V-T If an animal is destroyed, it is killed, either because it is ill or because it is dangerous. 宰杀 usu passive例：Lindsay was unhurt but the horse had to be destroyed.林赛没被伤着但那匹马不得不被宰掉。同近义词同根词词语辨析undermine , founderDestruction :n. 破坏，毁灭；摧毁1. N-UNCOUNT Destruction is the act of destroying something, or the state of being destroyed. 毁灭 例：.an international agreement aimed at halting the destruction of the ozone layer.一项旨在停止对臭氧层的破坏的国际协议。词组短语同近义词同根词destruction of 摧毁weapons of mass destruction 大规模杀伤性武器environmental destruction 环境破坏habitat destruction 生境破坏；毁坏栖息地creative destruction 创造性破坏；创造性毁灭destruction test 破坏试验assured destruction 保证毁灭；确保摧毁disaster ,diz:st n. 灾难，灾祸；不幸1. N-COUNT A disaster is a very bad accident such as an earthquake or a plane crash, especially one in which a lot of people are killed. 灾难 例：It was the second air disaster in the region in less than two months.这是不到两个月内该地区内的第2起空难。2. N-COUNT If you refer to something as a disaster, you are emphasizing that you think it is extremely bad or unacceptable. 极为糟糕的事; 不能接受的事 强调 例：The whole production was just a disaster!整部作品简直是一团糟！3. N-UNCOUNT Disaster is something which has very bad consequences for you. 灾祸 例：The government brought itself to the brink of fiscal disaster.该政府把自己带到了财政灾难的边缘。4. PHRASE If you say that something is a recipe for disaster, you mean that it is very likely to have unpleasant consequences. 祸端 例：You give them a gun, and its a recipe for disaster.你给他们一把枪，那就是祸端。词组短语同近义词词语辨析natural disaster 自然灾难，自然灾害disaster relief 赈灾；灾难援助disaster prevention 防灾disaster area 灾区earthquake disaster 地震灾害disaster recovery 灾难复原disaster management 灾难管理；灾备管理environmental disaster 环境灾难；生态灾害，生态灾难meteorological disaster 气象灾害disaster preparedness 防灾准备状态recipe for disaster 造成灾难的因素social disaster 社会灾祸disaster recovery plan 灾难恢复计划disaster film 灾难片earthquaken. 地震；大动荡earthquake :kweik 1. N-COUNT An earthquake is a shaking of the ground caused by movement of the Earths crust. 地震 例：.the San Francisco earthquake of 1906.1906年的旧金山地震。词组短语同近义词earthquake disaster 地震灾害strong earthquake n. 强震earthquake prediction 地震预报major earthquake 大地震，主震earthquake resistance 抗震性earthquake damage 地震破坏；地震损害earthquake wave 地震波，海啸earthquake engineering n. 地震工程；地震工程学earthquake intensity 地震强度earthquake zone 地震带；地震区earthquake force 地震烈度earthquake region 震区；地震区earthquake resistant design n. 抗震设计earthquake loading 地震荷载earthquake magnitude 地震震级，地震等级；地震规模earthquake fault 地震断层earthquake acceleration 地震加速度violent earthquake 大地震；强烈地震weak earthquake 弱震Hit:目录释义权威词典用法例句百科网友贡献英文写作助手go top10540hit英 ht 美 ht vt. 打击；袭击；碰撞；偶然发现；伤的感情vi. 打；打击；碰撞；偶然碰上n. 打；打击；（演出等）成功；讽刺1. V-T If you hit someone or something, you deliberately touch them with a lot of force, with your hand or an object held in your hand. 打 例：Find the exact grip that allows you to hit the ball hard.找到能让你大力击球的准确握拍方法。2. V-T When one thing hits another, it touches it with a lot of force. 猛撞 例：The car had apparently hit a traffic sign before skidding out of control.汽车显然在失控滑出前猛地撞到了一个交通指示牌。3. V-T If a bomb or missile hits its target, it reaches it. (炸弹或导弹) 击中 例：.multiple-warhead missiles that could hit many targets at a time.可以一次击中多个目标的多弹头导弹。4. N-COUNT Hit is also a noun. 击中 例：First a house took a direct hit and then the rocket exploded.首先一幢房子被直接击中，接着火箭弹爆炸了。5. V-T If something hits a person, place, or thing, it affects them very badly. 对造成严重影响 journalism例：The plan to charge motorists to use the motorway is going to hit me hard.向汽车驾驶员收取高速公路使用费这一方案会严重影响到我。例：About two hundred people died in the earthquake which hit northern Peru.大约两百人在那场袭击秘鲁北部的地震中丧生。6. V-T When a feeling or an idea hits you, it suddenly affects you or comes into your mind. 使突然意识到 例：It hit me that I had a choice.我突然意识到我可以有所选择。7. V-T If you hit a particular high or low point on a scale of something such as success or health, you reach it. 达到 journalism例：He admits to having hit the lowest point in his life.他承认自己跌到了一生中的最低谷。8. N-COUNT If a CD, film, or play is a hit, it is very popular and successful. (唱片、电影或戏剧的) 成功 例：The song became a massive hit in 1945.这首歌在1945年取得了巨大成功。9.N-COUNT A hit is a single visit to a website. (网站的) 点击 计算机例：Our small company has had 78,000 hits on its Internet pages.我们的小公司的网页已被点击了7.8万次。10. N-COUNT If someone who is searching for information on the Internet gets a hit, they find a website where there is that information. (在互联网上搜到) 所要找的网页11. Phrase If two people hit it off, they like each other and become friendly as soon as they meet. 一见如故 非正式例：Dad and Walter hit it off straight away.爸爸和沃尔特一见如故。词组短语同近义词同根词词语辨析hit the ball 击球；顺利，成功hit it off 合得来hit hard 使受到沉重的打击，使遭受严重的挫折 hit the road 开始流浪，上路hit on 偶然发现；忽然想到hit the mark 打中目标；达到目的；成功hit the spot 使人满足；正合需要；恰到好处hit the headlines 成为新闻头条；被大肆宣传hit the books 用功学习；准备功课hit the target 射中靶子；达到目的hit back 抵抗，反击hit out 猛打hard hit 严重打击；大力击球；坠入情网；（美口）经济上的破产hit rate n. 命中率big hit 热门；非常成功hit upon 偶然发现，偶然碰到direct hit 直接命中hit the skids 倒霉，走下坡路hit rating 命中等级；命中率hit off 适合；将打掉Injure:vt. 伤害，损害1. V-T If you injure a person or animal, you damage some part of their body. 使受伤; 伤害例：A number of bombs have exploded, seriously injuring at least five people.一些炸弹爆炸了，至少5人严重受伤。同近义词同根词词语辨析vt. 伤害，损hurt , knife双语例句权威例句I can limit and injure by the kindest acts of protection or concern. 即使保护或关心这种最善意的行为也会限制和伤害别人。But when you use American weapons on your people, you injure us, too. 但是当您将美国的武器加之于您的国民，您同样伤害了我们。This means we should not masturbate to excess, or to the point where we injureourselves. 这意味着我们不应该过度的使用它，也不能因为它而伤害我们自己。Knock down ；击倒；拆卸1. PHRASAL VERB To knock down a building or part of a building means to demolish it. 拆掉 (建筑物等)例：Why doesnt he just knock the wall down?他为什么不索性把墙拆掉？2. PHRASAL VERB If someone is knocked down or is knocked over by a vehicle or its driver, they are hit by a car and fall to the ground, and are often injured or killed. (开车) 撞倒 英国英语例：He died after being knocked down by a car.他被一辆汽车撞倒后死了。例：A drunk driver knocked down and killed two girls.一个喝醉了酒的司机撞死了两个女孩子。例：A car knocked him over.一辆汽车把他撞倒了。3. PHRASAL VERB To knock down a price or amount means to decrease it. 降低 (价格) 美国英语例：The market might abandon the stock, and knock down its price.商场可能会清理库存，降低价格。同近义词 击倒；拆倒bowl over , lay lowRescue :vt. 营救；援救n. 营救；援救；解救1. V-T If you rescue someone, you get them out of a dangerous or unpleasant situation. 营救 例：Helicopters rescued nearly 20 people from the roof of the burning building.直升机从着火的楼顶救出来了将近二十个人。2. rescuer N-COUNT 救援者 例：It took rescuers 90 minutes to reach the trapped men.救援者们花了90分钟才来到那些被困的男子身边。3. N-UNCOUNT Rescue is help which gets someone out of a dangerous or unpleasant situation. 营救 例：A big rescue operation has been launched for a trawler missing in the North Atlantic.为了一艘在北大西洋失踪的拖网渔船，已经开始了一项大的营救行动。4. N-COUNT A rescue is an attempt to save someone from a dangerous or unpleasant situation. 营救行动 例：A major air-sea rescue is under way.一项重要的海空营救行动正在进行中。5. PHRASE If you go to someones rescue or come to their rescue, you help them when they are in danger or difficulty. 营救某人 例：The 23-year-olds screams alerted a passerby who went to her rescue.那名23岁女孩的尖叫声引起了一个过路人的警觉，他救了她。词组短语同近义词同根词词语辨析rescue work n. 救济事业rescue workers 救援人员search and rescue 搜索与营救rescue operation 救护工作，拯救行动；抢险救援工作；救助作业rescue package 一揽子救援计划rescue mission 营救任务，救助任务；抢险救援任务rescue equipment 救援装备；救生设备come to the rescue 救援；前来营救rescue vehicle 救援车；修理车rescue ship 救难船；海难救助船rescue crew 救护队Wind 英 wnd 美 wnd vt. 缠绕；上发条；使弯曲；吹号角；绕住或缠住某人vi. 缠绕；上发条；吹响号角n. 风；呼吸；气味；卷绕n. (Wind)人名；(英、德、瑞典)温德1. N-VAR A wind is a current of air that is moving across the earths surface. 风例：There was a strong wind blowing.正刮着一阵大风。2. N-COUNT Journalists often refer to a trend or factor that influences events as awind of a particular kind. (影响事态发展的) 趋势; 因素 例：The winds of change are blowing across the country.转变之风正吹遍全国。3. V-T If you are winded by something such as a blow, the air is suddenly knocked out of your lungs so that you have difficulty breathing for a short time. 呼吸困难 例：He was winded and shaken.他呼吸困难，身体发抖。4. PHRASE If someone breaks wind, they release gas from their intestines through their anus. 放屁 例：If I break wind at dinner, should I say Pardon, or pretend nothing has happened?如果我在用餐的时候放屁，我是应该说“对不起”，还是假装什么事情都没发生？5. PHRASE If you get wind of something, you hear about it, especially when someone else did not want you to know about it. 听到的消息 (尤指在别人不想让知道的情况下) 非正式例：I dont want the public, and especially not the press, to get wind of it at this stage.我不想让公众，尤其是新闻界，在这个阶段听到什么消息。词组短语同近义词同根词词语辨析wind power 风力，风能with the wind 随风；顺着风in the wind 即将发生；在进行wind tunnel 风洞wind speed 风速wind turbine 风力涡轮机wind energy 风能strong wind 强风；大风；疾风east wind 东风wind in vt. 卷入wind load 风力载荷wind up 结束；使紧张；卷起wind pressure 风压wind velocity 风速；风矢量to the wind 顶风 wind farm 有许多风车的农场wind direction 风向；风向选择；风的角度by the wind 顺风（航行）wind field 风场，风区；荒野wind power generation 风力发电blow off v. 放出；吹掉1. PHRASAL VERB If you blow something off, you ignore it or choose not to deal with it. 不理会 美国英语 非正式例：I dont think we can afford just to blow this off.我想我们担负不起对此置之不理。2. 同近义词v. 放出；吹掉put forward , reel out双语例句原声例句权威例句Now, tell me - didnt you make that hat blow off on purpose? 好吧，告诉你你是不是故意让帽子给吹掉的？Multiple dust plumes blow off the coast toward the ocean, most or all of them probably arising from streambeds. 多股沙尘被从海岸吹向大海，它们之中的大部分或者说全部可能都来自河床。Blow off too many classes, for example, and your grades will suffer and no matter how much you reform your ways in ensuing years, your GPA will always suffer. 翘掉太多的课，成绩就将会不理想而且无论你在接下来的几年中是如何努力，你的GPA始终将会受到影响。protect英 prtekt 美 prtkt vt. 保护，防卫；警戒1. V-T To protect someone or something means to prevent them from being harmed or damaged. 保护 例：So, what can women do to protect themselves from heart disease?那么，女性能做什么来保护自己不患心脏病呢？例：A long thin wool coat and a purple headscarf protected her against the wind.一件薄薄的羊毛长大衣和一条紫色头巾为她挡风。2. V-T If an insurance policy protects you against an event such as death, injury, fire, or theft, the insurance company will give you or your family money if that event happens. 为保险 例：Many manufacturers have policies to protect themselves against blackmailers.许多制造商都有为敲诈勒索保险的保单。词组短语同近义词同根词词语辨析protect the environment 环境保护protect against 使免受protect from 使免受，保护Warn :英 wn 美 wrn vt. 警告，提醒；通知vi. 发出警告，发出预告n. (Warn)人名；(英)沃恩；(德)瓦恩1. V-T/V-I If you warn someone about something such as a possible danger or problem, you tell them about it so that they are aware of it. 警告; 提醒 例：When I had my first baby friends warned me that children were expensive.当我有了第一个孩子时，朋友们提醒我说养小孩是很花钱的。例：They warned him of the dangers of sailing alone.他们警告他独自航行的重重危险。例：He warned of a possibility of a new terrorist attack.他警告说可能会有一次新的恐怖袭击。2. V-T/V-I If you warn someone not to do something, you advise them not to do it so that they can avoid possible danger or punishment. 告诫 例：Mrs. Blount warned me not to interfere.布朗特太太告诫我不要插手。例：Dont do anything yet, he warned. Too risky.“先别行动，”他警告道，“太冒险了。”词组短语同近义词同根词词语辨析warn of 警告某人某事warn against 警告（.）不要；提醒（.）提防warn about 就.提出警告Building :英 bld 美 bld n. 建筑；建筑物v. 建筑；建立；增加（build的ing形式）1. N-COUNT A building is a structure that has a roof and walls, for example, a house or a fac