SPSS统计软件的使用方法.doc

SPSS统计软件的使用方法一、单因素方差分析法（One-way ANOVA）表1温度和处理时间对抗菌肽抑菌活性的影响（4.22皿）项目温度处理原样55/15min55/30 min70/15 min70/30 min85/15 min85/30 min100/15 min抑菌圈面积20.5818.2821.7615.4415.5312.7512.495.1722.6719.7019.4218.8413.6011.8311.094.7625.0320.9716.0621.0716.2413.689.746.0124.1022.5719.9019.0312.7514.738.425.5923.100.97a20.380.91b19.291.19b18.601.17b14.530.81c13.250.62c10.440.88d5.380.27e操作步骤：1点击电脑桌面上的SPSS图标，打开SPSS界面；2在界面底部位，点击变量窗（Variable View）在指标名称栏（Name）第一栏中填上“组别”在第一栏的分数栏（Decimals）中选择小数点数为0；3在指标名称栏（Name）第二栏中填上“指标”或具体指标名称在第二栏的分数栏（Decimals）中选择小数点数为2或具体的小数点位数；4在界面底部位，点击数据窗（Data View）在组别纵栏分别输入1、1、1、1、2、2、2、2、3、3、3、3、4、4、4、4、5、5、5、5、6、6、6、6、7、7、7、7、8、8、8、8等数然后将各组各重复数分别输入到指标纵栏中。5在视窗上部，选择分析（analyze）按纽下拉表中选择“比较平均数Compare mean”可看到“测定平均值means”、“单样本T检验One sample t test”、“独立样品T检验Independent-samples T test”、“配对样品T检验Pared-sample T test”、“单因子方差分析One-way ANOVA”选择ANOA左窗中的组别放入因子栏（Factor）指标放入应变量栏（Dependent list）右框contrasts点多项式polynomial继续continue点统计模式Post Hoc上栏选Duncan，下栏点Tamhanes T继续continue点击选项Option全选继续continue点OK。6出现结果窗，按数值描述表（Descritives）中的平均值Mean和标准误SE，填入表，如表1所示。Descriptives指标NMeanStd. DeviationStd. Error95% Confidence Interval for MeanMinimumMaximumBetween- Component VarianceLower BoundUpper Bound1423.09501.93736.9686820.012226.177820.5825.032420.38001.82726.9136317.472423.287618.2822.573419.28502.375061.1875315.505823.064216.0621.764418.59502.333021.1665114.882622.307415.4421.075414.53001.62864.8143211.938517.121512.7516.246413.24751.24387.6219411.268215.226811.8314.737410.43501.75074.875377.649213.22088.4212.49845.3825.53835.269184.52596.23914.766.01Total3215.61885.776721.0211913.536017.70154.7625.03ModelFixed Effects1.79342.3170314.964416.2731Random Effects2.0672810.730420.507133.384997视方差均一性检验表(Test of Homogeneity of variance)中的P（Sig.）是大于0.05还是小于0.05。如P0.05，则表明方差均一，多重差异比较应选Duncan模块；如P0.05，故多重差异比较应选Duncan模块。Test of Homogeneity of Variances指标Levene Statisticdf1df2Sig.708724.6668多重比较，直接按Duncan法方差结果表填写组数间的差异标示（一般按数值从大至小排序，并依次分别用小字英文字母标于各数的右上角）。指标组别NSubset for alpha = 0.051e2d3c4b5aDuncana845.38257410.43506413.24755414.53004418.59503419.28502420.38001423.0950Sig.1.0001.000.322.1961.000Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 4.000.二、因子分析操作步骤：1点击电脑桌面上的SPSS图标，打开SPSS界面；2在界面底部位，点击变量窗（Variable View）在指标名称栏（Name）第一栏中填上“温度”在第一栏的分数栏（Decimals）中选择小数点数为0；3在指标名称栏（Name）第二栏中填上“时间”或具体指标名称在第二栏的分数栏（Decimals）中选择小数点数为0或具体的小数点位数；4在指标名称栏（Name）第三栏中填上“重复”或具体指标名称在第三栏的分数栏（Decimals）中选择小数点数为0或具体的小数点位数；5在指标名称栏（Name）第四栏中填上“指标”或具体指标名称在第四栏的分数栏（Decimals）中选择小数点数为2或具体的小数点位数；6在界面底部位，点击数据窗（Data View）在各栏中分别填入相应数，如下表所示。温度处理时间重复数指标3730120.583730222.673730325.033730424.15515118.285515219.75515320.975515422.575530121.765530219.425530316.065530419.97015115.447015218.847015321.077015419.037030115.537030213.67030316.247030412.758515112.758515211.838515313.688515414.738530112.498530211.09853039.74853048.421001515.171001524.761001536.011001545.591003010100302010030301003040 7在视窗上部，选择分析（analyze）按纽下拉表中选择“一般线性模型General linear model”选择单变量Univariate出现“应变量Dependent variable”、“固有因子Fixed factor”、“随机因子Random factor”、“协变量Covariate”将指标放入应变量栏（Dependent variable）将温度和处理时间两个因子同放入固有因子Fixed factor栏本试验中没有随机因子（如区组）和协变量（如代谢试验中的采食量因子），故没有在这两栏中放入因子在右框“模型Model”中选择“全因子Full factorial”继续continuecontrasts点多项式polynomial，change入各因子继续continue点统计模式Post Hoc，将两因子选入右框上栏选Duncan继续continue点击选项Option选全分析Overal，打勾统计结果描述descriptive Statistics继续continue点OK。6出现结果窗，按数值描述表Descriptive Statistics中的平均值Mean和标准误SE，填入表，如表2和3所示。Descriptive StatisticsDependent Variable:指标室温时间MeanStd. DeviationN373023.09501.937364Total23.09501.937364551520.38001.8272643019.28502.375064Total19.83252.047218701518.59502.3330243014.53001.628644Total16.56252.861948851513.24751.2438743010.43501.750744Total11.84122.058348100155.3825.53835430.0000.000004Total2.69132.898578Total1514.40136.19604163013.46908.3295920Total13.88337.3714736表2 温度和处理时间对抗菌肽抑菌活性的影响温度时间min抑菌圈面积室温长时间20.5822.6725.0324.1023.100.97a551518.2819.7020.9722.5720.380.91b553021.7619.4216.0619.9019.291.19b701515.4418.8421.0719.0318.601.17b703015.5313.6016.2412.7514.530.81c851512.7511.8313.6814.7313.250.62c853012.4911.099.748.4210.440.88d100155.174.766.015.595.380.27e1003000000Tests of Between-Subjects EffectsDependent Variable:指标SourceType III Sum of SquaresdfMean SquareFSig.Corrected Model1824.655a8228.08279.778.0007331.23317331.2332564.293.000室温1796.8994449.225157.128.000时间89.178189.17831.192.000室温 * 时间20.03136.6772.336.096Error77.192272.859Total8840.73836Corrected Total1901.84835a. R Squared = .959 (Adjusted R Squared = .947)指标Duncana,b,c室温NSubset1234510082.691385811.841270816.562555819.832537423.0950Sig.1.0001.0001.0001.0001.000Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. Based on observed means. The error term is Mean Square(Error) = 2.859.a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 6.667.b. The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed.c. Alpha = .05.表3 温度和处理时间对抗菌肽抑菌活性的影响的因子分析因子抑菌圈面积(平均数SD(n=4)P温度处量时间1002.692.90(n=8)e0.0018511.842.06(n=8)d7016.562.86(n=8)c5519.832.05(n=8)b3723.101.94(n=4)a1514.406.20(n=16)a 0.900，拟合度高，其回归方程可信度高。9关闭上分析视窗，重操作如下：分析窗（Analyze）回归regression曲线估测Curve estimation模型Models项只选二次项将单因子方差析析结果显示项（Display ANOVA table）OK。10读取模型总结表（Model summary）中的相关系数R=0.975，确定系数R2 = 0.950；11读取单因子方差分析表（ANOVA）中的sig.即P = 0.002；12读取曲线系数表（Coefficients）中的常数(constant) = -91.595，二次项系数 = -0.261，一次项系数 = 13.506。13总结出回归方程为：活性 = -0.261测量时间2 +13.506测量时间 - 91.595或 Y = -0.261X2 + 13.506X - 91.595（r = 0.975，R2 = 0.950，P = 0.002）14计算出最佳测定时间：Xmax = b/2a = 25.9h。15作图操作：a.打开Excell，输入数据如下表所示：测量时间（h）活性（AU）12.540.4414.545.1616.556.218.5