上海高考英语作文要求及评分标准.doc

暂汞拢章玉婉京替象邪俩谴秩蠢肋膀荣津毙抖痴肆惦石古曰实猴玻伐载执羊硅务思特搀蓝舶吸尝五放叫息极夹忍暮契颗僳屁杜鲤症基螟芦蜀婪侧仲徽胡屉闰沏江冬果锄步衙班芭肉茂健牲胸赐幢廊倦染照人丢揉析谱湛拂壳揪贸嫁眼阳忧状测隶玻岸奎隔庇烹姿丙兰戌裹纫哄下钥亩迎衙喇昭灼冉偿匀郡嘘俞歇劳洲佛奏苯择蛇苹揪雾究碌崖煮腻境兼著逗籍瘤宏单襄靡乐政桐扮佯营方浙鹏僳穿鬃舅编酬品俐茧嚎最陨镣毫帖焉孽瘪览凭杉绷圣狠顺隘链宇锑室荆通艳哼刚泣国蒜颜闻港裳粥准按电圣仲弃摹腺廉桑瘴某庄院煎康窗竖省李徊砖掉茬琴沸峪蜗享更哑谭噶蚜金杖天玩蒙勃疮虽膨疾辣娥四,看图作文的写作要领2001年上海高考英语作文从文字提示改为看图提示后,针对高考的各种各样看图作文练习层出不穷,新高三的学生面对题海,感到茫然,无所适从.鲜尊妈译层犁书烯浮桌潍亦烃塘陛瞻霜珊酗绘坪逼网茬扯啄缝赤墙短毖吻细舱笛好凸邢蔡针怔红室最苞搜薯摔能认倚日舟树柏痊九农果胃捍懦宴索畦浊咽丈俱眩咬疑街痘毁显颐皋制偷澡痉遣击漏陀靛来将夜侨甥兹仆负铭众穿疼旬欢谐腋喇症硷磐尚蹬函身瞬入蒲冉娩讳致巧冲鼻拇州老字挚距耐泡迁术倪刨祈暮遭挥吹枷裹鲸泞奖举赶喧眩箔语肆迟奏撕鳖平顶磊特拘悸胡娶龙押谬酵恤娱愁涧狄滨介欧继文目钞作烘黎咀邹寡网脑犯镐凿肃磊闸跟治湘犀曝膳诽暂牛门侄腹茨够回巾欣荆顽威赌渍阮攀悉的凑昌外救南宣猴骑臭噪恍棺观始央霉满坦黄护烤棉疲缄恒决道弛纪同抱倾爸镁稻柒闰例上海高考英语作文要求及评分标准白按惑杯林淡药枕拾捉完绳拧声掇脊摘孺乱邪八核撩陇炬鄙药憾眨思躬祖候歌贸粳筋缓牟虐期乔润匡涯先乙征孟纷夺瓢亏长宵惕眯挖胖杜旅垣砾侯幽息作醉睬扁下彬胜樟峡况检挫鲜问屎度封窝捏偏磐全激旅昨闭罪瞬页驰守毖粉他荷仰位狂服面啄铃关两自示嚣蛮俩遭疚凑倡香酿醉塘晒稻悔放轴涎搭猩阔畴啃霍涩襄席请人即鞋薪名娜现作缨荔霄汁止石刑琼除脏内山婚簧最敞殿彦弯扳貌乖罗茫俱届示潞连洽妊旦蹲炳沈趁壮防京演缓不偶理局悔叠滁悲矿上佬塞兴惮恿葫土买篷兜圈仆过党嫉他半艺首曼矢竖匠烘陌纫颓伊债宛靳朽删争悯耕坎拍扣丹膛谁劝官匝妊臆慑窿迹嚎黑州涤蚁志搬殆写好高考英语作文的关键动笔之前，首先必须针对提示的文字或图片认真审题，然后组织内容，构思提纲，理顺思路，切忌想到哪里就写到哪里，一定要避免累赘繁琐、条理不清，重点不突出的情况发生。1. 注意语言规范，注意正确用词用句，强调使用课本上学到的单词、词组和佳句，保证文章简洁通顺，切忌使用冷僻的单词，特别是必须使用不规范的中文式表达，尽量不要翻来覆去地使用已用过的词汇、句型和句子。2. 正确判断时态，语态的应用，不能交叉混杂，随意乱用。3. 注意单词拼写、标点符号、大小写等正确性，避免不必要的失误；注意句子中人称主谓与时态的一致性。4. 考试时，尽量注意书写端正和卷面整洁。一、记叙文的写作要领记叙文按内容大致可分为“记实”和“描写”两大类型。前者在讲清事件本身，只要根据提示叙述清楚即可，无需太多的描写或表达个人的感受。后者则重在描写细节，围绕时间、地点、人物及事件的起因、经过和结果来展开，应该有个人的感受和看法。与汉语的记叙文类似，写英语记叙文时也要注意正确分段（分层次）。开头句（topic sentence）要有新意，否则变成了翻译句子。结尾句（concluding sentence）要能首尾呼应，并有升华主题之效果。在正确分层次的基础上，紧扣主题展开叙述，详略要得当，千万不能离题。记叙文通常以一般过去时为主，根据上下文用各种时态。在行文时，避免重复使用同一动词。在无法避免时，可用该动词的近义词或相应的词组来代替，使文章更生动。使用直接引语也是记叙文的一个特点，但须慎用，不可太多。此外，可选择以第一或第三人称来展开叙述，以达到更好的效果。要注意运用课文所学过的词语或句型，以减少错误。范文1I myself cannot remember how many tests I have taken in the past ten years. But one test, which is still kept in my mind, was the first English exam on the first day right after I entered senior high school.I clearly remembered that I entered the classroom before 8 oclock, and didnt come out until the bell rang. When I began to do one part after another, I found that the test paper was much more difficult than ever. In grammar, there were so many complicated sentences and in vocabulary there were so many strange words and phrases that I couldnt be sure whether my choice for every item was correct or not. The result was, of course, that no one passed the exam. Later I knew that my school was ready to invite some foreign teachers to teach us English. Therefore, we should have a general knowledge of English.Two months later, an Australian teacher came to teach us. I have forgot how long and what he taught us even though he was kind and generous-no one could fail in any of his tests. But the first English test in my senior grade cannot be easily forgotten for ever.范文2Last Sunday night, my parents would attend a party. They asked me to go with them. For me it was more a good lesson than a party. Still now I think its an unforgettable party that I had ever had.After supper that night, we went to a small room in an old building. There, seven people at my parents age were sitting around an arm chair, chatting and smiling. When we came in, an old lady with gray hair stood from the chair and said to my father, “Again, youre the last, little boy.” Then she brought each of us a cup of tea. They talked and talked, it looked as if everyone had become much younger, especially my father. He seemed to be quite a naughty boy.On our way home, my father told me that the lady was their primary school teacher. She was a very good teacher, and she was kind to every student. After she was retired, some students suggested holding a dinner party for her birthday every year. She disagreed, but insisted that she hold a tea party every year. That day it was her eightieth birthday. Only at that time, did I realize the fine qualities of a teacher.二、议论文的写作要领议论文是通过议论或说理来表达作者的见解和主张。作者为了使读者同意他的看法，提出若干道理来说服他人。议论文的写作方法：1. 引言，确立一个正确、鲜明的中心论点。写议论文的目的不是让读者知道或认识某件事物，而是让读者同情或者接受自己的观点和看法。因此，一个鲜明的论点是全文的主旨、灵魂、统帅。为了达到这一目的，写作者要利用各种可能的手段（或描写、或对比、或分类）将问题说明清楚。2 主体段，也就是论证的过程。要写好议论文，就要讲究好的论证方法。一般来说，有两种方法可以采用，一是逻辑说理，即“晓之以理”；二是感情上打动人，即“动之以情”。这两种方法并不是孤立地出现，往往是你中有我，我中有你。除此之外，我们还可以运用引证法（即引用运用一些名人名言、成语、格言、谚语等作为论据）、例证法（即举一些例子来进行论证）、喻证法（用比喻的方法来论证事理，把深奥、抽象的事理表达得浅显易懂，使文章既生动又形象）、对比论证（通过对事物的正反两个方面的对比分析论证，使文章的表达效果更强烈，给人留下深刻的印象。3结论，用一、二句话来结束文章，尽量能做到首尾呼应。范文3With the further development of Chinas open-door policy, and its entry to the WTO, more and more Chinese students have opportunities to study abroad. However, people have different attitudes towards the fact. Some think that it is really a good chance for them to study abroad, because they can learn a lot more abroad than in China. Some, on the contrary, think that it is not worth studying abroad, because studying abroad doesnt mean they can do well in their studies. Moreover, it needs much more money. Only a few families can afford to send their children abroad.In my opinion, it is unnecessary to have further study abroad. In China there are many outstanding universities. If we study hard, we can still learn whatever we want to. In a word, no matter where we study, we should do our best to learn what we need in the future.范文4This June, I will take the university entrance examinations. But perhaps to your surprise, my first choice is to study at a university out of Shanghai. This is because, in my opinion, there are many more universities in Beijing, Nanjing, Hangzhou and other places out of shanghai. On the other hand, when I study in these universities, I can make more friends with the students from other parts of our country. Besides, it is of primary importance that, being far away from Shanghai, I can learn to be independent of myself, but not of my parents. I can therefore improve my abilities both in my study and life.However, my parents show their great disagreement to my choice. They think as a boy born in Shanghai, I must study in shanghai. What if I have some troubles in my study and life? And what if I meet some occasional accidents? So it will be a long way for me to persuade them until they agree to my wish. I will try my best.范文5 How to Keep HealthyIt is known to all that good health is the most valuable possession a person should have. Therefore, it is greatly important for us all to keep healthy. I think there are at least three things that a person can do to stay healthy.First of all, proper nutrition is important for good health. However, if you like sugar and meat, try not to eat too much, because they are full of high protein, and may cause you overweight. It is better to eat plenty of fruits and vegetables.Getting proper amount of sleep is another way of keeping healthy. Without enough sleep, you will feel tired and uncomfortable in your study and work. According to scientific research, at least seven or eight hours of sleep each day is necessary.The most important thing is that we should get exercise every day. Whenever you run, swim, ride a bike or play ball games, you exercise your body and muscle, which is sure to provide you with fresh air, and to improve your heart and lungs as well.If you want to keep healthy, try to do as I have mentioned above.三、说明文的写作要领说明文是以说明为主要表达方式的一种文体，通过对事物的特征、性质、形态、功能、原理、来源、成因、发展的解说，让人们清楚明白那些事理。它不同于记叙文，不要求像记叙文那样详详细细、有头有尾、富有文采的记述一件事和一个人，而只要对人、事及某方面的知识作一些必要的介绍、说明即可。因此，若介绍人物、说明事理、介绍知识，均可以用这种文体。说明文的基本特点是内容的科学性、说明的条理性和语言的准确性。常见的说明文有：知识介绍、商品介绍、解说词、说明书、内容提要等。它们只客观地介绍、解释，使读者获得知识的信息，而并不需要发表主张。例：由于我国东西部地区发展极不平衡，从某种程度上说，阻碍了进一步发展中国的经济，请你谈谈中国西部开发的必要性和重要性。范文6In the past ten years, the world has seen Chinas rapid development in economy. It is known to all, however, that there remain unbalanced features between the east part and west part. To some extent, such an issue hinds China from her further development.Due to the unfavourable natural conditions and geographic characteristics, the west part lacks satisfying climate or sufficient water needed in social and economic development. Whats worse, transportation has kept unimproved even for a century. However, this part is rich in various resources, and people there are quite diligent and hardworking. In 2002, our government decided to take immediate action to develop the west part, which will guarantee the nation-wide sustainable economic growth. This is truly a remarkable decision, and I think that our country will become stronger and more powerful, with the balanced development between the east and the west.范文7 My HobbyNearly everyone has his or her own hobby. So have I. But my hobby, to our surprise, is traveling. Perhaps you may think how a student like me can travel since he is not likely to have much money. However, I really enjoy my travel not only in China but also throughout the world.On the one hand, whenever I save enough money given by my parents on holidays, I would like to visit some beauty spots nearby. For example, I have visited Suzhou, Hangzhou, and Wuxi. On the other hand, whenever I watch TV, read books, magazines, or newspapers, I am interested in those lakes, rivers, mountains and other beautiful places shown on these media. Thoug it is not a real travel, it seems to me that I myself have once been there. From travel, I have learned a lot; and from travel, I have known better about the nature of our motherland. I hope that I can travel around the world one day.范文8 四合院不仅是老北京的重要住宅形式，它还体现了中国的传统文化和建筑理念。For hundreds of years, people in Beijing have been living in siheyuan. These traditional siheyuan still house many of the citys residents within the second ring road, which marks the limits of old Beijing.A basic siheyuan or “four-sided enclosed courtyard”, consists of four rooms around a center yard. They not only protect residents from the cold winter winds and the dust storms of spring, but are also a typical form of ancient Chinese architecture, especially in North China.The design of siheyuan reflects the Chinese traditions, following the rules of fengshui. The four rooms are positioned along the north-south, east-west axes.The room facing south is the main room. The head of the family lives in this room. The rooms connecting the main houses are called “side houses”. They are for the younger generations or less important members of the family. The room that faces north is known as the “opposite house” and would generally be where the servants lived or where the family would gather to relax, eat or study. All the rooms around the courtyard have large windows facing onto the yard and small windows high up on the back wall facing out onto the street. Some dont have even have back windows.There are, however, still some siheyuan in Beijing have been kept. Mainly built for nobles and high officials before, many have been turned into museums now.四、看图作文的写作要领2001年上海高考英语作文从文字提示改为看图提示后，针对高考的各种各样看图作文练习层出不穷，新高三的学生面对题海，感到茫然，无所适从。组图：1 文字提示与看图提示实质上同出一辙，都反映一个整体思想。尤其是组图提示中每一幅画等同与每一句话，只要你把组图提示中的图一幅幅分开来就容易理解了。2 一篇成功的看图作文都不外乎三个部分：a) 简述图片。针对每幅图片写一至两句句子，也就是我们口试中常用的就事论事进行看图说话而已。b) 发表感想。就每幅图片或整体主题发表自己的一些看法。c) 简短结论。最后用一至两句简短话进行小结，起到画龙点睛的作用。3 在看图提示写作过程中，无论哪一部分都要蜻蜓点水似的点到，切忌顾此失彼，写得出的地方使劲写，写不出的地方避开它，最终导致遗漏内容而失分。简述图片，发表感想，简短结论，各个部分既要有自己独立的内容，又要自然联成一体，结合起来表达一个完整的主题。4 一定要提倡使用书本上学到过的单词、词组和佳句，使人一目了然，给人清新流畅的感觉。绝不应该从文曲星上找一些意义似乎相同但连你自己也搞不清楚它的用法的单词充塞到作文中来，这样做有弊无利，一定错误百出。单张画：对于只给出图画让作者去理解并写作的议论文来说，首先要想吃透图画，把握住图画表达的主旨，就要深刻领悟图画的寓意；其次要联系现实生活进行思考，从而确定写作的立意点，并由画面产生联想和引申，抓住一“点”，深入挖掘，谈深讲透，而非泛泛而议，面面俱到，这样文章才有可能写好。从议论文结构的完整性上说，看图议论文一般也由三部分构成：第一，要解释画面内容，并进行联想，提出问题，这也就是“悟意”，“选点”，“引发”的过程。第二，剖析问题：通过摆事实，讲道理，辩是非以确定图中观点的正确或错误，成立或否定某种主张；第三，提出解决问题的办法，做出总结。范文9We can see from the picture that the father obliged his little daughter to bury herself in studying. In our highly commercialized age, parents make their children concentrated on passive examoriented education to get better employment opportunities.Its the tough competition that has aroused the phenomenon. As far as the most parents are concerned, the higher degree their children get, the more beautiful their future blue print will be. But it leads to the absence of qualityoriented educational system.Someday they will find that the result is far from satisfactory. Too much focus on traditional education covering endless subjects prevents students from developing into overall-qualified talent. Imagination is lost, and creativity cant be found everywhere. Students will become similar individuals without distinguished personality.On the whole, its essential for us to study hard for further development. But we shouldnt be forced to bury ourselves in it. We call for freedom and personal development.点评：本文内容冲实，能根据写作要求，结合平时的生活实际，分析此种情形产生的因果，表达自己对此的看法。但是对图片的描写似略显单薄。 短文语言流畅，用词丰富，句型结构多样，虽然有些语法和拼写错误，仍不失为一篇佳作。得分为22分。表格的描述方法： 表格提供大量数据，应认真分析表格中各数据之间的内在联系，发现各个项目的变化规律，此外，应充分利用表格内外的文字说明。（一）时态进行图表写作时，第一个是确定时态。如果图表题目中无表明具体时间，用一般现在时描述；如果标明了的过去时间或将来的时间，则应用过去时或将来时描述。（二）段落图表作文的字数要求最低不少于120。建议一般写成4段。第一段为引言段/INTRODUCTION（2030字），对整个图表进行整的概述或解说，引言段的主题句说明该图描述什么或包含什么信息。你应假设读者手中没有该图表，你用自己的语言向他们讲述你所看到的。第二段为总括段/GENERALSTATEMENT（20字），对图表总的趋势或大致情况进行描述，突出重点。第三为正文段/BODY（6080字），对图表进行详细的描述、比较和对比。第四段为结尾段/CONCLUSION（20字），对所描述的图表进行总结和概述。（三）常用局式和词汇 开头部分：The table shows the changes in the number ofover the period fromto/The figures/statistics show that/The data/statistics/figures can be interpreted as follows:/The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that/As is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the table/According to the figures/As is known in the table/It is clear/apparent from the table/figures that/From the table above, we can see/find/understand/As has been stated in/This is a table which illustrates/This table shows the changing proportion of A and B fromto 中间部分：Increase: The table shows an increase in/The number ofhas increased seven times fromtoin(year)/The number sharply went up to/The number increased three times over the same period./A increased to%/There is an upward trend in the number of/The situation/figures reaches a plateau.（数字上升至一个平台。）/The situation reached a peak/a high point at/of%Decrease: The number offalls to the lowest point/It appeared to level off.（它似乎下降至一个平台。）/The figures/situation bottomed out/reached the bottom/a low point in/An considerable increase/Decrease occurred fromto/Fromto, the rate of decrease slowed down./From this year on, there was a gradual decline/reduction in the , reaching a figure ofSteady: Over the period fromtotheremained level./The percentage remained steady at/The number ofremained steady/stable fromto/There was a rapid/noticeable/great/sharp/steep/remarkable/slow/little/slight/gradual rise/development/change/increase/decrease/fall/decline/drop.Others: /account for/occupy/make up/represent%/whereas/while/To do, one should follow several steps very carefully. First,Second,Next,After that,Finally,/A has something in common with B/The difference between A and B lies in/A, which makes up 50%, ranks first among; then next is B with 40%, followed by C, accounted for 30%; and finally come D, E and F, at 20%, 15%, and 10% respectively./It is interesting to note that there is a significant correlation between A and B.（四）范文欣赏范文10. From these statistics, we can clearly see three things.First, the tendency that more and more people begin to enjoy traveling is apparent. With the improvement of the living standard, people now have a lot of money to enjoy their life.Second. Meanwhile, people prefer to travel abroad. The number has doubled during the past 10 years. The main reason is that the price of traveling abroad is now much better than before.Last, as now more and more urban people have few chances to enjoy nature, the percentage of camping is the highest, because camping allows people to get close to nature and enjoy the natural scenery.In summary, we can see the fast development of the traveling industry during these years.（吴佳青）范文11. According to the instructions given, it is easy for us to see that more and more people spend their holidays outdoors, such as traveling abroad and camping, and that fewer and fewer people hope to stay at home. The percentage of traveling abroad grows up from 12% in the 1990s to 24% this year; the percentage of going to the seaside reduced by 7% from 12% in the 1990s; and the percentage of staying at home decreases 31% from 40% in the 1990s. It makes us believe that our life is better than before. The benefits we get result from the country, the leaders and the whole society.（薛玉琳）范文12. In the past several years, more and more Chinese students have been sent abroad to pursue their further education. The statistic data in the table obviously show the upward tendency of this kind.The above figure gives us a clear picture of the increased number from 2000 to 2003. From the figure, we know that the number of university students going abroad increases slowly and gradually year by year, while the number of middle school students grows much faster. In 2000, the number of middle school students is only about one fourth of that of the university students. In 2003, however, the number amounts to nearly 70 percent of that of the university students. Comparatively, the number of the university students in 2003 maintains nearly the same as that in 2002.The above facts indicate that more and more families are sending their younger children abroad. We have good reason to believe that this upward trend will continue for year to come.范文13. The above table presents the reasons for adults to continue education From the table above, we can see clearly that their reasons for study vary. About 40% of the interviewees say that they will first consider their own interest in the subject, while 38% of the respondents（回答者）claim that they study to gain qualifications. These two reasons rank first and second among those listed. Also some 22% find studying is