GMDSS英语阅读理解-Search and Rescue.doc

Search and Rescue 1. The DSC system is a calling system that provides for all distress, urgency and safety communications and also provides comprehensive calling facilities for routine or general purpose communications. In the MF band, the frequency 2177 kHz is assigned for routine ship-to-ship DSC calling. Theoretically, a ship may call another ship on any routine DSC calling frequency in the MF/HF bands, however, a second DSC unit is usually required because the first one must remain dedicated to watch-keeping on the distress frequencies. Before a DSC Routine call or Test call is transmitted, it should be verified that the frequency is free. On VHF this is done automatically by the equipment which prevents transmission until the frequency is free. Distress, urgency or safety calls are not subject to this restriction, and are transmitted immediately. (1) The DSC system is mainly used for _. A distress communication B urgency communication C safety communication D All of the above 答案 D (2) _ is assigned for routine ship-to-ship DSC calling in the MF band according to the passage. A 2177 kHz B DSC calling frequency C Any frequency D Routine communication frequency 答案 A (3) Theoretically, ship-to-ship DSC call is transmitted _ in the MF/HF bands. A DSC calling frequency B 2177 kHz C any routine DSC calling frequency D any frequency 答案 C (4) It should be made sure that the frequency is free before a DSC _ is transmitted. A distress call B urgency call C safety call D routine call 答案 D (5) Which of the following statements is true? A Two DSC units are usually required for routine DSC calling B VHF unit can prevent automatically transmission until the frequency is free C The main idea of the passage is about DSC distress call D Watch-keeping can be carried out on any DSC frequency答案 B 2. The Cospas-Sarsat system provides full global coverage via both polar orbiting and geostationary satellites. The EPIRB position can be determined by Doppler method (which does not require position input at the EPIRB) or by having the position entered manually or by GPS. Cospas-Sarsat EPIRB operate on 406 MHz and include a 121.5 MHz signal to provide a homing signal for searching aircraft.There is another type of EPIRB known as the VHF EPIRB. This is quite different and is used only by Sea Area A1 vessels. It is a portable unit which sends a DSC Distress Alert on VHF and follows up with a SART signal. It is the SART signal which provides the Electronic Position Indication. Ships receiving this type of Distress Alert should take extra care to search for a SART signal on their 3cm radar equipment. (1) The Cospas-Sarsat system provides full global coverage by means of _. A polar orbiting satellites B geostationary satellites C both polar orbiting satellites and geostationary satellites D either polar orbiting satellites or geostationary satellites 答案 C (2) The EPIRB position can be fixed by means of _. A Doppler method B GPS C inputting the position manually D All of the above 答案 D (3) The EPIRB can operate mainly on the frequency _. CA. B. C. D. A 406 MHz B 121.5 MHz C both 406 MHz and 121.5 MHz D either 406 MHz or 121.5 MHz 答案 C (4) VHF EPIRB can operate in _. A Sea Area A1 B Sea Area A2 C Sea Area A3 D Sea Area A4 答案 A (5) Which of the following statements is true? A EPIRB position can be determined only by GPS B Cospas-Sarsat EPIRB is not different from VHF EPIRB C VHF EPIRB shall be used together with SART D VHF EPIRB is satellite EPIRB 答案 C 3. At MF and HF a distress alert attempt may be transmitted as a single frequencyor a multi-frequency call attempt. At VHF only single frequency call attempts are used. A distress alert attempt should be transmitted as 5 consecutive calls on one frequency. To avoid call collision and the loss of acknowledgements, this call attempt may be transmitted on the same frequency again after a random delay of between 3 and 4 minutes from the beginning of the initial call. The random delay should be generated automatically for each repeated transmission. Stations transmitting multi-frequency distress alert attempts should be able to receive acknowledgements continuously on all frequencies except for the transmit frequency in use, or be able to complete the call attempt within 1 minute. (1) _ a distress alert attempt can be transmitted only on a single frequency. A At MF B At HF C At VHF D Both at MF and HF 答案 C (2) A distress alert attempt should be done for many times in order to _. A avoid call collision B avoid loss of acknowledgements C avoid both call collision and loss of acknowledgements D avoid either call collision or loss of acknowledgements 答案 C (3) The distress alert attempt may be repeated after a delay of _. A 3 to 4 minutes B 3 and 4 minutes C either 3 or 4 minutes D 3 or 4 minutes 答案 A (4) The random delay can be made _ for each repeated transmission. A automatically B manually C automatically and manually D automatically or manually 答案 A (5) Distress alert attempts on multi-frequency can be received acknowledgements on _. A distress frequency B multi-frequency C transmitting frequency D any frequencies being free 答案 D 4. Ships receiving a DSC distress alert from another ship should normally not acknowledge the distress alert by DSC since acknowledgement of a DSC distress alert by use of DSC is normally made by coast stations only. If a ship station continuesto receive a DSC distress alert on an MF or VHF channel, a DSC acknowledgement should be transmitted to terminate the call only after consulting with a RCC or a coast station and being directed to do so. Ships receiving a DSC distress alert from another ship should also defer the acknowledgement of the distress alert by radiotelephony for a short interval, if the ship is within an area covered by one or more coast stations, in order to give the coast station time to acknowledge the DSC distress alert first. (1) Any ship should _ after receiving a DSC distress alert from another ship. A acknowledge the distress alert by DSC immediately B not acknowledge the distress alert by DSC immediately C acknowledge the distress alert on an MF or VHF channel D terminate the call 答案 B (2) Ships receiving a DSC distress alert may _ after getting permission from RCC. A transmit the call B receive the call C stop the call D continue to receive the call 答案 C (3) Ships receiving a DSC distress alert should make acknowledgement _. A immediately B as soon as possible C after a short time D as late as possible 答案 D (4) Which of the following statements is true? A Acknowledgement of the distress alert should be made by ship stations first B Acknowledgement of the distress alert should be made by coast stations first C Acknowledgement of the distress alert should not be made by ship stations D Acknowledgement of the distress alert should not be made by coast stations 答案 B (5) Whats the main idea of the passage? A DSC distress alert transmission B DSC distress alert reception C Acknowledgement of a DSC distress alert D DSC distress alert control 答案 C 5. The maritime satellite system has three major components: the space segment provided by Inmarsat, the Land Earth Stations (LES) provided by Inmarsat Land Earth Station Operators (LESOs) and mobile earth stations (MES).The Inmarsat system provides ships at sea with the same types and quality of modern communications as are available ashore. The capability for direct-dial, automatic connection withoutdelay using high-quality multi-mode communications is provided by MESs. Tele-printers, visual display units (VDUs) and telephone sets, as well as facsimile machines and data equipment, can serve as peripheral equipment to MESs. The nerve center of the system is the Network Operation Center (NOC) located at Inmarsats headquarters in the United Kingdom. (1) The maritime satellite consists of _. A space segment B Land Earth Stations C mobile earth stations D All of the above 答案 D (2) The Land Earth Stations are provided by _. A Inmarsart Land Earth Operators B mobile earth stations C Inmarsart Land Earth Operators and mobile earth stations D Inmarsat system 答案 A (3) The Inmarsat system gives ship and shore station _. A the same types and quality of modern communications B the different types and quality of modern communications C high-quality multi-mode communications D peripheral equipment 答案 A (4) Tele-printers, visual display units (VDUs) and telephone sets are _ of MES. A main components B main equipment C auxiliary equipments D auxiliary components 答案 C (5) Which of the following statements is not true? A the Network Operation Center is NOC B the Network Operation Center is the nerve center of the Inmarsat C MESs provides the capability for direct-dial, automatic connection D MESs and NOC are located at Inmarsats headquarters in the United Kingdom 答案 D 6. The Inmarsat system provides priority access to satellite communication channels in emergency situations. Each MES is capable of initiating a request message with distress priority. Any request message with a distress priority indication is automatically recognized at the LES and a satellite channel is instantly assigned. If all satellite channels happen to be busy, one of them will be pre-emptied and allocated to the MES which initiated the distress priority call. The processing of such calls is completely automatic and does not involve any human intervention. TheLES personnel, however, are notified of the reception and passing through of a distress priority message by audio/visual alarms. (1) The Inmarsat system gives priority _ satellite communication channels in emergency situations. A to enter B go to C passing through D approach 答案 A (2) _ can recognize automatically any request message with a distress priority indication. A NCS B MES C LES D Inmarsat 答案 C (3) If all satellite channels happen to be busy, _ assigned to MES in distress. A there will not be any channel B there will always be one channel C there will many channels left D there will several channels 答案 B (4) LES allocate distress priority channel _. A automatically B manually C both automatically and manually D either automatically or manually 答案 A (5) The LES personnel will be notified of the reception of a distress priority message _. A by Inmarsat system B by LES C by audio/visual alarms D by human intervention 答案 C 7. The SART can be activated manually or automatically when placed into the water so that it will thereafter respond when interrogated. When activated in a distress situation, a SART responds to radar interrogation by transmitting a swept frequency signal which generates as a line of 12 blip code on a radar screen outward from the SARTs position along its line of bearing. In order to distinguish the SART from other responses it is preferable to use a radar scale between 6 and 12 n miles, this will assist in differentiating between the SART and other responses. As the search craft approaches to within about 1 n mile of the SART, the blip dots will changeinto wide arcs, and even become complete circles as the SART is closed and becomes continually triggered. This is useful warning to the search craft to slow down. (1) The SART will respond to radar interrogation _ it is started _ when placed into the water. A before / manually B before / manually or automatically C after / manually D after manually or automatically 答案 D (2) _ generates as a line of 12 blip code on a radar screen A SART B a swept frequency signal transmitted by SART C search craft D other responses 答案 B (3) The radar scale should be within _. A 6 n miles B 12 n miles C 0.6 nautical miles D 6 to 12 nautical miles 答案 D (4) When the search craft is within about 1 n mile of the SART, the blip dots will change from _. A narrow arcs to wide arcs B wide arcs to narrow arcs C a line to wide arcs D a circle to wide arcs 答案 C (5) This is useful warning to the search craft to slow down. In this sentence, the word “this” means_. A SART B radar C the blip dots D the change of the blip dots 答案 D 8. On-scene communications are those between the mobile unit in distress and assisting mobile units, and between the mobile units and the unit coordinating search and rescue operations. Control of on-scene communications is the responsibility of the unit coordinating search and rescue operations. Simplex communications shall be used so that all on-scene mobile stations may share relevant information concerning the distress incident. If direct-printing telegraphy is used, it shall be in the forward error-correcting mode. The preferred frequencies in radiotelephony for on-scene communications are 156.8 MHz and 2182 kHz. The frequency 2174.5 kHzmay also be used for ship-to-ship on-scene communications using narrow-band direct-printing telegraphy in the forward error-correcting mode. (1) On-scene communications are those between _. A ship in distress B assisting ships C both of them D neither of them 答案 C (2) _ is in charge of the control of on-scene communications A mobile units B assisting mobile units C ship in distress D ship coordinating search and rescue operations 答案 D (3) In order to share all the information about distress incident, all the on-scene mobile stations should _. A control on-scene communications B co-ordinate on-scene communications C use simplex communications D use ship-to-ship communications 答案 C (4) If NBDP is used during on-scene communications, it should be in _. A FEC mode B ARQ mode C simplex operation D duplex operation 答案 A (5) During on-scene communications, _ should be used. A 2174.5 kHz B 2182 kHz C 156.8 MHz D All of the above 答案 D 9. Before transmission, think about the subjects which have to be communicated and, if necessary, prepare written notes to avoid unnecessary interruptions and ensure that no valuable time is wasted on a busy channel. Listen before commencing to transmit to make certain that the channel is not already in use. This will avoid unnecessary and irritating interference. VHF equipment should be used correctly and in accordance with the Radio Regulations. The following in particular should be avoided:1. calling on Channel 16 for purposes other than distress, urgency and very brief safety communications when another calling channel is available.2. Communications not related to safety and navigation on port operation channels.3. transmitting without correct identification(1) Before transmission, the operator should think _. A what he will transmit B which he has to be communicated C what he has to be communicated D which he will prepare 答案 A (2) In order not to waste time on a busy channel, the operator should sometimes _. A listen whether the channel is busy or not B think what communication equipment is used C write something down on a paper D use VHF equipment 答案 C (3) For what purpose should the radio operator listen before transmission? A In order to make clear that the channel is in operation B In order to make certain that the channel is already in use C In order to avoid unnecessary and irritating interference. D In order to make sure that his transmission will be certain 答案 C (4) VHF equipment should be operated _. A according to the following in particular B in accordance with the Radio Regulations C to avoid the following in particular D without correct identification 答案 B (5) Channel 16 is used for purposes _ when another calling channel is available A of distress, urgency and very brief safety communications B other than distress, urgency and ve