过去分词假期.doc

过去分词作定语、表语、宾语补足语【知识归纳】一、过去分词作定语1. 过去分词作定语时，如果是一个单词，经常放在其所修饰的名词之前。如：You must finish the work within the given time. 2. 过去分词短语作定语时，一般放在其所修饰的名词之后。如： He is reading a novel written by Mark Twain. 二、过去分词作表语1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语，既表示被动，又表示完成。如： Joes tea cup is broken. 2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语，只表示动作的完成。如：They are gone for vacation. 3. 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示动作。如： The window is broken. 窗户破了。(过去分词作表语表状态)The window was broken by Tom. 窗户被汤姆打破了。(被动语态强调动作)三、过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语时，句子的谓语动词通常是感官动词和使役动词。1. 常见的感官动词有see, watch, observe, hear, feel, notice, think等。如：I noticed him carried away by the police. 我看到他被警察带走了。2. 常见的使役动词有have, make, get, keep, leave等。如：We had the machine repaired. 我们请人把机器修好了。【真题再现】1. Mrs. White showed her students some old maps from the library. (2010全国I).A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing解析：C。 borrow和maps是被动关系，表示被动关系时非谓语动词形式有三种： to be done表示动作将要发生，being done表示动作正在发生，done表示动作已经完成，根据句意borrow的动作已经完成，故选C。2. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues with her stories. (2010上海).A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused解析：A。过去分词amused 在句中作宾语补足语。3. Ladies and gentlemen, please remain until the plane has come to a complete stop. (2009四川).A. seated B. seating C. to seat D. seat解析：A。本题考查过去分词作表语。【小试牛刀】一、单项填空。1. Heres some water. Have a drink whenever youre thirsty.A. to boil B. having boiled C. boiled D. boiling2. The book, first in 1985, is very popular with people.A. published B. was published C. having published D. having been published3. How did Jack do in the exam this time? Well, his teacher seems with his results.A. pleasing B. please C. pleased D. to please4. It is said that they are going to talk about the problem at the last meeting.A. discussed B. discussing C. being discussed D. having discussed5. He managed to make himself at the meeting yesterday.A. understanding B. to understand C. understood D. to be understood6. The thief was brought out of the hall by a policeman, with his hands behind his back. A. to tie B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied二、完成句子。 1. 所有的门都是锁着的。All the doors .2. 孩子们看起来很迷惑。The children .3. 那个受伤的士兵躺在地上，不能动弹。The lay on the ground, unable to move.4. 穿红衣服的女孩是我女儿。The girl is my daughter.5. 我听到有人用英语唱这首歌。I heard in English.6. 当他到达办公室时，发现一切都布置得井井有条。When he came to the office, he found in good order.7. 你什么时候去医院检查你的牙齿？When will you go to the hospital and ?8. 不要碰那个杯子。它是坏的。Dont touch the glass because it is .Key：一、1-6 CACACD二、1. are locked 2. looked puzzled 3. wounded soldier 4. dressed in red 5. the song sung 6. everything arranged7. have your teeth examined 8. broken过去分词作状语 一、过去分词作状语表示的意义表示时间、原因、条件、让步的分词短语相当于相对应的状语从句。表示方式和伴随时可转化为并列分句。如：Made in a hurry, the plan needs to be improved. = Because it was made in a hurry, the plan needs to be improved. 由于制定得匆忙，这个计划需要改进。He came in, followed by a group of students. = He came in and he was followed by a group of students. 他进来了，跟着一群学生。二、过去分词与句子主语之间的关系(1)过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语一致，过去分词与句子的主语之间一般是被动关系。如：【考例1】_ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. (2010陕西) A. Seen B. Seeing C. Having seen D. To see Key: A。【难点点拨】分词作状语时，用现在分词还是过去分词，取决于分词与句子主语之间的关系。主动关系用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词。比较：Viewing from the shore, one sees fishing boats floating on the sea. 从海岸看，可以看见海上漂浮着的渔船。Viewed from the top of Mount Tai, the sunrise was indeed a spectacle. 从泰山顶上看去，日出真是个奇观。(2)有些过去分词来源于系表结构或由某些动词后面加-ed转化来的形容词，作状语时不表示被动，而说明主语的特征或状态。常见的有：absorbed, lost, seated, dressed in, accustomed to, satisfied, tired, surprised, disappointed等。如：【考例2】_ and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai. (2009浙江) A. To be tired B. Tired C. Tiring D. Being tired Key: B。三、“副词/连词+过去分词”结构过去分词作状语时，可在分词前加某些副词如deeply, completely等或连词，以表示强调。常用的连词有if, unless, when, as, once, even if / even though, as if, though / although等。如：【考例3】The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if _ regularly, can improve our health. (2010浙江)A. being carried out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry outKey：C。四、独立主格结构如果过去分词前面带有逻辑主语，主句的主语就不再是分词短语的逻辑主语。这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构。如：【考例4】The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _ for the day. (2007重庆)A. finishing B. finishedC. had finished D. were finishedKey：B。【巩固练习】 1. _ (听到这个消息), he turned away, _ (失望地).2. _ (任务完成了), we will have a good rest tomorrow. 3. _(深受感动) by the film he had seen, he couldnt fall asleep for a long time. 4. _(若按说明服用), the drug has no side effects. Key: 1. Hearing the news; disappointed2. The task finished3. Deeply moved4. When (it is) taken according to the instructions【真题再现】1. the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the international stars. (2009江西)A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given解析：D。 考查非谓语动词。如果把句子补充完整就不难看出：If they are given the right kind of training, 可知主语these teenager soccer players与give 之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词。2. by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land. (2009天津)A. Being encouraged B. EncouragingC. Encouraged D. Having encouraged解析：C。考查过去分词作原因状语的用法。【小试牛刀】一、单项填空。1. This new cellphone, if carefully, will work for at least five years.A. use B. using C. to use D. used2. to make a speech on how to learn English, the boy said he would be very glad to.A. When asked B. When asking C. To be asked D. When he was asking3. When , the parking lot will be the largest one in the city.A. to complete B. completedC. being completed D. to be completed4. another chance, I am sure that Ill do the job much better.A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given 5. from the tallest building, the people and the cars on the street look very small.A. Seeing B. Seen C. Saw D. To see6. in deep thought, his head hit against a tree.A. Lost B. To lose C. Losing D. When losing二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. (tell) that his mother was ill, Li Ming hurried home quickly.2. (satisfy) with what he did, the teacher praised him in front of his classmates.3. (give) a few minutes, Ill finish the experiment.4. (compare) with Susan, you still have a long way to go.Key: 一、1- 6 DABDBA二、1. Told 2. Satisfied 3. Given 4. Compared动词-ing形式、动词不定式与动词-ed形式作宾补的区别一、v-ing形式作宾补v-ing形式作宾补，表示动作正在进行。宾语与宾补之间常为主动的逻辑主谓关系。I smelt something burning. 我闻到有东西烧糊了。Wed better keep the fire burning最好让炉火继续烧下去。如果宾语与宾补之间是被动的逻辑主谓关系，则要用v-ing形式的被动语态being done。如：You will find the matter being talked about all over the town你会发现城里到处都在谈论这件事。The boy liked to watch the boats being loaded and unloaded 这男孩爱看轮船装卸货物。One could hear all kinds of things being discussed there. 你可以听到那里在谈论的问题五花八门、无所不有。二、v-ed形式作宾补v-ed形式作宾补，着重动作完成，表明动作的结果，它与宾语之间是被动的逻辑主谓关系。When they got there，they found the house burnt down他们到那儿时，发现房子已全部烧毁。We all wished the problem settled. 我们都希望这问题得到解决。Have you ever heard a song sung in Japanese? 你听过用日语唱的歌吗？三、不定式作宾补不定式作宾补时，不定式与宾语的关系常是主动的逻辑主谓关系。如：My boss told me to type out two letters. 我的老板让我打两封信。Please remind me to post this letter. 请提醒我发这封信。They persuaded him to give up smoking. 他们劝他戒了烟。不定式的被动式也可作宾补，如：She didnt want her son to be taken away. 她不愿意她的儿子被带走。He didnt wish the subject to be mentioned in the letter. 他不希望在信里提及这个问题。非谓语动词作宾补，大多属于动词搭配问题，有的及物动词只能用一种非谓语形式作宾补，有的及物动词可有两种或三种形式作宾补。（一） 通常可带不定式作宾语补足语的动词有 ask, beg, cause, expect, force, invite, order, remind, tell, warn, wish 等。例如：1. The doctor warned me not to drink.2. What caused him to change his mind?3. That is the last thing I expect him to do.（二）感官动词see，watch，notice，hear，observe，listen to，feel(感到)，find及catch, smell后可跟不带to不定式、-ing形式或-ed形式作宾补。例如：1. I saw Bob beating the boy. (动作正在进行)2. I saw Bob beat the boy. (动作已结束)3. I saw the boy beaten by Bob. (被打，挨打)4. I often hear her sing in the next room.5. I could feel the wind blowing on my face.6. He was noticed to go out.7. I caught the thief stealing something valuable from the shop. (常指干不好的事)(三) 使役动词have, get与keep后可跟不定式、-ing形式或-ed形式作宾补 have+ 宾语+宾补have + 宾语 + done (表被动) “请人做某事”或“宾语遭受损失”。have + 宾语 + do sth (表主动) “让某人做”，指一次性动作。have +宾语 + doing sth (+延续时间状语) 表主动,“使处于反复进行的状态中”。I had a report written for the meeting. 我请人写了一份会议报告。The film had us laughing from beginning to end.这部电影让我们从头笑到尾。Dont worry. Ill have Jack help you with your work. 别急，我会让杰克帮你做这事。get+ 宾语+宾补get +宾语+done “使被做”get + 宾语 + to do “使做某事”get + 宾语+ doing “使发动，开始”1. When are you going to get your hair cut?2. Ill get him to do the work.3. Can you get the old car going again?keep+ 宾语+宾补 keep + 宾语 + doing sth“使保持继续进行的状态”，表主动。 keep + 宾语 + done “使继续保持被动的状态”，表被动。1. She kept me waiting for half an hour.2. Well keep you informed of how things are going with us.(让了解)【语法巩固练习】1. They use computers to keep the traffic _ smoothly. (2009 全国II)A. being run B. run C. to run D. running2. The director had her assistant _ some hot dogs for the meeting. (2008 全国II)A. picked up B. picks upC. pick up D. picking up3. If we have illegal immigrants _ in, many local workers will lose their jobs. (2008 上海春)A. came B. comingC. to come D. having come4. The message is very important, so it is supposed _ as soon as possible. (2008 陕西)A. to be sent B. to sendC. being sent D. sending5. My advisor encouraged _ a summer course to improve my writing skills. (北京)A. for me taking B. me takingC. for me to take D. me to take6. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported _ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race. (2007 辽宁)A. breaking B. having brokenC. to have broken D. break7. She wants her paintings _ in the gallery, but we dont think they would be very popular.(2007 上海春)A. display B. to displayC. displaying D. displayed8. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mothers voice _ him. (2007 上海)A. calling B. calledC. being called D. to callKey: 1-5 DCBAD 6-8 CDA作者：佚名动词-ing形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语【知识点拨】一、动词-ing形式作表语动词-ing形式可用在系动词后面作表语，说明主语的性质或情况，多表示一般性的或抽象的行为。例如：The news that our school won the game was exciting.注意：动词-ing形式作表语与进行时态的区别：进行时态表示主语正在做什么，而动词-ing形式作表语只是说明主语的特性或情况。试比较：Mike is listening to music. 迈克正在听音乐。(当前正在进行的动作)Mikes favorite hobby is listening to music. 迈克最大的爱好是听音乐。(说明主语的情况)二、动词-ing形式作定语动词-ing形式作定语有两种用法，即：1. 表示所修饰名词的用途或功能，意为“供用的”。例如： a reading room, a swimming pool, a singing competition, drinking water等。2. 表示主动和正在进行，相当于一个定语从句。例如：falling leaves (=leaves that are falling), the rising sun (=the sun that is rising)。单个的动词-ing形式作定语通常放在所修饰的名词之前，而短语则一般被放在所修饰的名词之后。例如：exciting news, the students talking about the problem。三、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，即用来补充说明宾语的动作或情况。常用的跟动词-ing形式作宾补的动词有：1. 表示感觉和心理状态的动词。常见的有 see, watch, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, catch等。例如：I could feel my heart beating wildly.2. 使役动词。常见的有have, set, keep, get, leave等。例如：They had the light burning all night.【巩固练习】I. 单项填空。1. When she got home, she found her little son _ on the ground, crying.A. lies B. lay C. lying D. laying2. The patient _ by the doctor is Li Mings mother.A. to examine B. examiningC. is examined D. being examined3. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A. to smell B. smellingC. smelt D. to be smelt4. I smell something _ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute?A. being burnt B. burntC. burning D. to be burnt5. We were deeply _ by the old mans _ story.A. moved; moving B. moving; movingC. moving; moved D. moved; moved6. My parents have always made me _ about myself, even when I was twelve.A. feeling well B. feeling goodC. feel well D. feel good7. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mothers voice _ him.A. calling B. calledC. being called D. to call8. Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. Sorry. With so much work _ my mind, I almost break down.A. filled B. fillingC. to fill D. being filledII. 根据括号里的提示完成句子。1. What he said was _(令人困惑的).2. Ill fire you if _ (我再发现你抽烟) in the workshop.3. I saw a note on my desk _ (上面写的是我女儿下午要来看我).4. What children like most is _ (在班里受到表扬).Key: I. 14 CDBC 58 ADABII. 1. puzzling2. I find you smoking again3. saying that my daughter would come to see me this afternoon4. being praised in the class动词-ing形式作状语【知识点拨】 动词-ing形式在句中作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句。例如：Having finished his homework, he began to play computer games. (=After he had finished his homework, ) 动词-ing形式在句中作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。例如：Having lived in China for many years, he can speak Chinese fluently. (=Because he has lived in China for many years,) 动词-ing形式在句中作结果状语，可扩展为一个含有并列谓语的简单句。动词-ing形式作结果状语表示一种必然的结果。例如：He was ill, missing a few days classes. (=He was ill and as a result, he missed a few days classes.) 动词-ing形式在句中作条件状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。例如：Studying hard, you will pass the college entrance examination.(=If you study hard, you will pass the college entrance examination.) 动词-ing形式在句中作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句。例如：Getting up early, he came late to school.(=Though he got up early, ) 动词-ing形式在句中作方式、伴随状语。动词-ing形式表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，通常放在句尾。例如：The children ran out of the classroom, laughing and talking happily.【补充说明】 动词-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。例如：Li Ming sat under the tree, chatting with his friends. (chatting的动作执行者是Li Ming)但是，某些动词-ing形式所构成的短语如 generally speaking, judging from / by, supposing作状语时，其逻辑主语可以和句子的主语不一致。这种形式已经成为固定搭配。例如：Supposing you have one million dollars, what would you do? 在动词-ing形式前可加上适当的连词，如when, while, if，though，un