裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记第52课.docx

Lesson 52 A pretty carpet 漂亮的地毯【New words and expressions】（4） temporarily adv. 暂时地 inch n. 英寸（度量单位）space n. 空间 actually adv. 实际上一單詞講解： temporarily adv. 暂时地temporary adj. 暫時的, 臨時的n. 臨時工 permanent p:mnnt adj. 永久的, 持久的 n. 燙發temporary arrangement 臨時性安排temporary employment 經 臨時職工, 臨時工作eg：That is only a temporary solution to the problem.temporarily adv. 暫時地, 臨時地eg：I temporarily put my books on the floor. 我暫時把書放在了地板上impermanent imp:mnnt adj. 暫時的, 非永久的 inch n. 英寸（度量单位）變化形 名複inches 變化形 動變inchedinchedinchingfoot n.腳，足；英尺；最下部，底部（1 foot 12 inches） eg：My foot ！去你的 ！ 胡說！on foot 步行put ones foot in ones mouth 禍從口出 、說錯話inch n.英寸；少量，短距離 v.(使)緩慢地移動eg：Dont move an inch . 不要亂動by inches 險些、差一點eg：The car missed my dog by inches . 差幾英寸就撞上我的狗every inch 整個地方eg：The police examined every inch of the hose .警方為尋找線索徹底檢查了整所房子eg：Search every inch of a room. 搜遍了整間屋子 完全、不折不扣、徹頭徹尾eg：He looked every inch a gentleman . 他看上去完全是正人君子.give sb an inch and hell take a mile . 得寸進尺 space n. 空间同義詞extent, expanse, measure, dimension反義詞time 變化形 名複spaces變化形 動變spacedspacedspacing outer space太空, 外層空間 （c） 空白、空隙、空地The spaces between words 字與字之間的空隙 、字間距eg：Is there a space for my car ？是否有空間，停我的車？（u）空地方，空處 roomeg：There isnt much space left for your luggage .剩下的地方不太夠你放行李的eg：The table takes up too much space . 這張桌子占地方太多。 The table takes up too much room.space / room / place / seat 房間、建築物、車輛等中可容納人或物的範圍space / room 不確定的範圍，可容納下某物或符合某目地的範圍space （c）/（u） room （u） place / seat （c） 具體空處，通常指座位eg：Well try to get places . 我們要設法弄到座位. seats at the front of the theatre 劇場前排好座位 actually adv. adv. 實際上, 事實上adv. 居然, 竟然（表示驚訝） realan actual happening 一件真實事情the actual conditions 實際情況eg：The actual cost was much more than we had expected.實際成本遠遠超過我們的預期eg：What were your actual words ？eg：His actual age is 45 , not 25 . 他的實際年齡是45，不是25actually adv. 事實上；實際上 in fact , really eg：Actually speaking , I dont like your pictures .其實來說，我不喜歡你的照片eg：What do you actually mean ？你實際上是什麼意思？eg：He looked calm , but actually he was very nervous .他看起來平靜，但實際上他很緊張 真的；竟然eg：That big-bodied Tom actually fainted at the scene.大個子湯姆，竟然暈倒在現場二Key structures：现在完成进行时 have / has + been + 現在分詞1. 含有since 和for 短語的句子，既可以用現在完成進行時表達，也可以用現在完成時表達，但前者比後者更為生動。eg：It has been raining hard since yesterday and it is still raining .eg：It has rained for six weeks. 雨下了六個星期了2. 现在完成时 表是經驗，動作已經完成或強調一個結果現在完成進行時表示動作的連續性，動作還在進行中間，翻譯成”一直”。eg：He has been staying at this hotel for the last three weeks .他過去的三個星期一直住在這家酒店eg：He has never stayed at this hotel before .他從來沒有住過這家酒店3.表達某件事做了多少次，或者做了多少件事的時候，只能用現在完成時（），而不能用現在完成進行時（） eg：I have read Oliver Twist five times . 我已閱讀霧都孤兒五次了eg：I have been reading Oliver Twist all afternoon .下午我一直在讀霧都孤兒用刮號中的動詞正確形式填空：I have explained （explain） this to you several times already .” said the teacher . “ I hope you have understood （understand） it now .” Then he looked at a little boy at the back of the class.” Have you been listening （listen） , Jones？” he asked .“Here is a simple problem ：Sally has been working / has worked （work） in an office for weeks . In that time , she has eared （earn） 300 a week . How much has she earned （earn） so far ？ , “Please , sir .” Jones answered ：”I can only answer your first question . I have not been listening （not listen） .”新東方補充：现在完成时：have done，表示已完成的动作现在完成进行时：have been doing，强调动作在某一段时间内一直在进行，而且动作现在有结果。到现在为止，该动作可能已不再继续进行，也可能还在继续进行，这要根据上下文来确定。句子中常含有all+表示时间的词语如all day，all morning等或for和since。I have read the book. 书已看完I have been reading the book. 还没看完, 还要继续表示持续性的动词，如learn，lie，live，rain，sleep，stand，可以同since或for副词短语连用，也可用于以how long开头的疑问句中： Ive been working for Exxon for 15 years.现在完成进行时还可以表示经常重复的动作： Jim has been phoning Jenny every night for the last week.与段时间连用可以用现在完成时, 也可以用现在完成进行时, 但跟次数连用的, 一定只能用完成时, 不能用现在完成进行时He has rung me up five times since 12 oclock.【语法精髓】1、You should go to bed. You (watch) TV for 5 hours.2、I (write) letters since breakfast.3、I (write) 3 letters since breakfast.4、Sorry, but Mr. Smith (leave) for Beijing.5、I (look) for him everywhere, where can he be?答案：1、have been watching/have watched 2、having been writing 3、have written 4、has left 和现在完成进行时连用的, 一定不能是次数；和现在完成进行时连用的动词, 一定不能是短暂动词，leave是瞬间动词5、have been looking 通过 “where can he be?” 这句话可知人没找到, 还要继续找【Text】What is the writers carpet made of?We have just moved into a new house and I have been working hard all morning. I have been trying to get my new room in order. This has not been easy because I own over a thousand books. To make matters worse, the room is rather small, so I have temporarily put my books on the floor. At the moment, they cover every inch of floor space and I actually have to walk on them to get in or out of the room. A short while ago, my sister helped me to carry one of my old bookcases up the stairs. She went into my room and got a big surprise when she saw all those books on the floor. This is the prettiest carpet I have ever seen, she said. She gazed at it for some time then added, You dont need bookcases at all. You can sit here in your spare time and read the carpet!三課文講解： We have just moved into a new house and I have been working hard all morning. 我们刚刚搬进一所新房子, 我辛辛苦苦地干了整整一个上午. hard adj./ adv.eg：He is a hard worker . eg：He works hard .類似詞：fast eg：He is a fast driver . eg：He dives fast .一般而言adj. +ly adv.eg：He is a careful worker . eg：He works carefully .eg：She has a beautiful voice . eg：She sings beautifully .有些副詞有兩種形式：slow - slowly eg：He speaks slowly to us . eg：Please speak a bit slower .highhighly eg：The plane flew very high .eg：He thinks very highly of me . 他對我價很高think highly of sb 對評價高deep deeplyeg：Water will come out if you dig the well deep enough .eg：They love their country deeply . 他們深深地熱愛自己的國家hard adv 努力地(的)eg：He worked very hard . 他從非常努力地工作hardly adv.幾乎不，簡直不；剛剛，僅僅He hardly ever does any work . 他幾乎不曾做任何工作late adv. 晚eg：The train arrived very late . 火車來晚了lately adv. 最近eg：Have you traveled by train lately ？最近你有沒有搭乘火車？near adv.近eg：He made sure it was safe before he went near .他確信它是安全之前，他才走近nearly adv. 幾乎，差一點eg：He was nearly run over by a car . 他差一點被車輾過I have been trying to get my new room in order.我试图把我的新房间收拾整齐, get sth in order 使有條理put sth in order （使）整齊out of order 工作不正常的；不按次序；違反會議規程的 、出故障的 This has not been easy because I own over a thousand books.但这并不容易, 因为我有1,000多本书. over ： more than 超出的 To make matters worse, the room is rather small, so I have temporarily put my books on the floor. 更糟糕的是房间还非常小, 所以我暂时把书放在了地板上. to make matters worse 插入語 ，用逗號隔開類似含意短語有：whats worse 更糟糕的是worse than all 最糟糕的是rather + 名詞性短語eg：The job is rather a bore .rather 修飾名詞時，置於冠詞之前。eg：It was rather a cold day . It was a rather cold day .名詞前有形容詞時，rather 可放在不定冠詞後。rather與 fairly 區別：rather 修飾表否定含意的詞，或本身為否定的含義。fairly 修飾表肯定含意的詞，或本身為肯定含意eg：Its rather warm today . 今天相當熱eg：Its fairly warm today . 今天相當暖和rather 可用於比較級 too之前而fairly 則不能eg：I did rather better much this time .eg：This is rather too much for me .At the moment, they cover every inch of floor space and I actually have to walk on them to get in or out of the room. 这会儿, 书把地板的每一点空隙都占据了, 我实际上是踩着这些书进出房间的. at the moment now at present 此刻，目前 every inch 完全，徹底A short while ago, my sister helped me to carry one of my old bookcases up the stairs. 幾分鐘前, 我妹妹幫我把一個舊書櫥抬上了樓.She went into my room and got a big surprise when she saw all those books on the floor.她走进我的房间, 当她看到地板上的那些书时, 大吃一惊.get a big surprise 大吃一驚get a shock 大吃一驚get such a big surprise that get such a shock that This is the prettiest carpet I have ever seen, she said. “这是我见过的最漂亮的地毯,” 她说.eg：This is one of the ugliest faces that I have ever seen .eg：This is the most interesting book Ive ever read .She gazed at it for some time then added, You dont need bookcases at all.她盯着 “地毯” 看了一会儿, 又说 : “你根本用不着书橱, gaze at 凝視stare at凝視 ； glare at 怒目而視 、瞪著fix ones eyes on sth 注視、目不轉睛、凝視、把注意力集中在上You can sit here in your spare time and read the carpet!空闲时你可以坐在这儿读地毯!” carpet n.地毯rug rg n.(小)地毯runner rn n.奔跑者；走私人(船)lay a carpet 鋪地毯 ； on the carpet 訓斥四Special Difficulties： 關於adj. / adv. 的練習 选择正确的词 : 1. She dusted the furniture very (careful)(carefully).2. I hit him very (hardly) (hard) .3. This exercise is not (hard)(hardly).4. I got home from work very (lately)(late) last night.5. I (near)(nearly) missed the bus the this morning.6. He ran so (fastly)(fast) no one could keep up with him.7. I cant jump so (highly)(high).答案：1. carefully 2. hard 3. hard 4. late 5. nearly 6. fast 7. high 新東方補充：【Special Difficulties】 形容词、相应的副词及其用法：许多副词，特别是表示方式的副词，皆由形容词加-ly构成，如easy（容易的）/easyly（容易地），beautiful（漂亮的）/beautifully（漂亮地）。一些频度副词也如此构成，如usual（通常）/usually（通常地）。还有少数几个表示程度及观点的副词也都以-ly结尾：high（高的）/highly（高度地），real（真的）/really（真正的）。大多数形容词加 “ly” 变为副词 : 如 beautifulbeautifully，但是不是所有的形容词都可以加ly(asleep)；不是所有的副词都一定以ly结尾(late)；不是所有的加ly的都是副词(lovely)有些副词虽然由形容词加-ly构成，但在意义上与其相应的形容并不相同，如hard（勤奋的，困难的）/hardly（几乎不），cold（冷的）/coldly（冷淡的），late（迟到的，晚的）/lately（最近，近来），near（近的，接近的）/nearly（几乎，差不多，差点儿）。有些副词有两种形式。有的意义相同，如cheap（廉价的）/cheaply（廉价地），但有的意义不同如late（迟，晚）/lately（近来），hard（努力地，猛烈地）/hardly（几乎不）。late 迟 ； lately adv. 近来(=recently)hard 努力地(表示程度深), 困难地(=difficult) ；hardly几乎不high高的 ，adv.高度地 ；highlyadv. 高度地 (不能用尺度测量的, 抽象的)deep 深的； deeply adv. 深度地 (不能用尺度测量的, 抽象的)near 在旁边的 ；nearly adv. 几乎, 将近有些副词在形式上与形容词相同，如fast，past，far等。大多数方式副词的位置一般在宾语或动词前面，表示时间的副词常位于句尾，有时也可位于句首。程度副词，如almost，enough，hardly，nearly，quite，rather，too等，大部分用在它们所修饰的动词之前。副词修饰动词(walk quickly), 形容词(very beautiful), 副词词性本身(very much), 还可以修饰句子五Exercise：1.His room is rather small . Its b room .a. a small enough b. a fairly small 相當小c.