（浙江专用）2020高考英语二轮复习专题四语法填空教案.docx

专题四 语法填空年份体裁题材考点设置有提示词无提示词词性转化谓语动词非谓语动词比较等级名词的数代词冠词介词代词并列连词从句连词其他语境填词2019.6说明文校服的好处3220001100102018.11说明文咖啡因对人类健康的影响1220110101102018.6议论文享受做饭的乐趣2121100110102017.11说明文积累词汇的方法2120111100102017.6记叙文失而复得的戒指112111100011考纲解读语法填空旨在通过语篇测试考生的英语语言知识与技能，将语法考查提高到语篇层次，在完整、真实、综合的语境中多角度考查考生运用语法知识理解篇章的能力。语法填空考查形式分为有提示词(6至7个)和无提示词(3至4个)两种形式。有提示词多考查实词(名词、动词、形容词、副词)的词性转换和基本用法，如动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词、主谓一致；名词的数；形容词和副词的比较等级等。无提示词多考查虚词的用法，主要考查介词、冠词和连词等。命题趋势1该题型以后会更加突出语篇，强调运用。因此，我们要及时转变观念，关注语法在语篇中的交际使用情况，将学习英语的关注点转移到语言的实际运用上来。2同时，还要加强语篇逻辑分析能力和精细阅读能力的培养，继续重视语言运用的准确性。3语法和词汇知识是综合运用语言能力的基础，要与真实的交际场景和语篇运用紧密结合。技巧一有提示词类一、提示词是动词提示词为动词时，通常考查谓语动词和非谓语动词的形式。考查谓语动词若句子中没有谓语，或者有并列连词连接两个谓语，则需要填谓语动词形式，此时考生应根据语境判断动词的时态、语态，以及谓语动词与主语保持单复数一致。典例1(2019全国卷)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65._(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66.belief(believe) that populations are increasing.解析have reported考查时态和主谓一致。句中的时间状语In recent years多与现在完成时连用，主语some Inuit people为复数意义，故本空填have reported。典例2(2019全国卷)Of 69.the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70._(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.解析are考查时态和主谓一致。本句其他谓语用了一般现在时，本句的主语six表示复数意义，故本空应填谓语动词are。考查非谓语动词若句子中已经有了谓语动词，且此空不作并列谓语，则需要填非谓语动词形式。非谓语动词包括动名词、现在分词、过去分词和不定式。此时考生应判断非谓语动词在句中作什么成分，非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间存在主动还是被动关系，以及非谓语动词和谓语动词的时间先后顺序，从而确定所填动词的适当形式。(1)作主语或宾语，通常用v.ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体情况。典例3(2019全国卷)Scientists have responded by 67._(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68.higher(high) than they actually are.解析noting考查非谓语动词。在介词by后，应用动名词作宾语，故本空填noting。典例4(2018全国卷)The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid 64._ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel 65.challenged(challenge)解析looking考查非谓语动词。avoid后常接动名词作宾语，故本空填looking。(2)作目的状语或形容词后作状语一般用动词不定式。典例5(2019全国卷)Modern methods 63.of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid1980s, and are expensive 64._(perform) consistently over a large area.解析to perform考查非谓语动词。本句含有“sth.beadj.不定式”结构，主语通常是不定式动作的承受者，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。句意：自20世纪80年代中期以来，人们就在使用现代的方法来跟踪北极熊的种群数量，这些方法在很大范围内连续执行起来非常昂贵。典例6(2018全国卷)You dont have to run fast or for long 62._(see) the benefit.解析to see考查非谓语动词。本句有谓语，因此空处应用非谓语动词；分析句子结构及句意可知，此本空应用动词不定式to see作目的状语。(3)作伴随状语时，通常用分词形式，若与逻辑主语之间是主动关系， 用现在分词；若是被动关系， 用过去分词。典例7(2019全国卷)On the last day of our weeklong stay, we 49.were_invited(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, 50._ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.解析listening考查非谓语动词。listen与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语，故本空填listening。典例8(全国卷)People probably cooked their food in large pots，44._(use) twigs(树枝) to remove it.解析using考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词cooked，故空处应为非谓语动词；又因主语people与use之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词形式作伴随状语，故本空填using。(4)动词的词性转换主要是转换为名词作主语、宾语，或转换为形容词作表语和定语。典例9(2019浙江卷6月)Other American studies showed no 64._(connect) between uniforms and school performance.解析connection/connections考查词性转换。根据no可知，要用connect的名词形式，connection表示“联系，关联”，为可数名词，故本空填connection/connections。典例10(2019全国卷)When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting 46._(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.解析competition考查词性转换。根据空前的不定冠词an可知，此处应填名词单数形式，表示一个有趣的比赛，故本空填competition。典例11(2018全国卷)This switch has decreased 66._(pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.解析pollution考查词性转换。此处应填pollute的名词形式pollution作宾语。二、提示词是名词提示词为名词时，通常考查名词复数、名词所有格，名词与形容词、名词与副词之间的转换。词性的选择取决于文章的语境和语法规则。考查名词复数典例12(2018全国卷)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66.which/that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67._(cause)解析causes考查名词复数。此处cause是可数名词，意为“原因”，句中的all表示“所有”，后应用可数名词的复数形式，故本空填causes。典例13(2017全国卷)This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) 61.as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62._(effect) such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.解析effects考查名词复数。这种趋势产生了一些意想不到的副作用。根据空前的“some”及空后的“such as overweight and heart disease”可知，此处指不止一种副作用，故本空填名词复数形式effects。考查名词与形容词的转换典例14(2019全国卷)They also shared with us many 47._(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were 48.hugely (huge) popular with tourists.解析traditional考查词性转换。修饰名词stories应用形容词，故本空填traditional。典例15(2017全国卷)Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food.However, be 69._ (care) not to go to extremes.解析careful考查词性转换。此处为形容词作表语，故填careful“当心的”构成系表结构。三、提示词是形容词或副词考查形容词与副词的相互转换典例16(2019全国卷)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62._(poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20，00025，000 polar bears worldwide.解析poorly考查副词。此处应用副词poorly“不好地”修饰动词studied。典例17(2018全国卷)A taste for meat is 63._(actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.解析actually考查副词。此处需填副词来修饰整个句子。 考查比较等级做题时， 要注意比较级的提示词(如than)和可以修饰比较级或最高级的一些词(如much, even, still, by far, a little, ever等)。典例18(2018全国卷)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61._(long) than nonrunners.解析longer考查副词的比较级。句中有than，故填long的比较级longer。典例19(2018全国卷)He screams the 63._ (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.解析loudest考查副词的最高级。根据语境和空后的of all可知，空处应填副词的最高级。典例20(2017全国卷)Even 66._ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. 解析worse考查形容词的比较级。短语even worse意为“更糟糕的是”，表示意义的递进。故填worse。技巧二无提示词类无提示词试题主要是考查冠词、介词、代词、连接词(含并列连词和从属连词)等虚词。考生在解答此类题时，首先应认真阅读全文，了解文章大意。其次，分析空白处所在句子的基本结构，判断出空白处在句中充当什么成分，从而确定词性。考查冠词冠词只有三个(a, an, the)，如果是单数可数名词前面设空，那么很有可能是填不定冠词。如果是在形容词、副词最高级形式前面设空，那么很有可能填定冠词。典例1(2019浙江卷6月)When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody 56.has/will_have(have) to worry about fashion(时尚). Everybody wears 57._ same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways.解析the考查冠词。根据语境和same可知，此处用the表示特指，表示“同样款式的衣服”。典例2(2017全国卷)Instead, she is earning 6，500 a day as 42._ model in New York.解析a考查冠词。该空后面model是可数名词单数，此处表示“作为一名模特”，故填a。考查介词介词的考查通常是指对介词短语和动词短语的考查，有时候也可能是考查形容词、动词的常用搭配，如be absorbed in，be curious about, be engaged in, pay attention to等。这就要求考生备考过程中熟记常用短语搭配，考试时才能胸有成竹。典例3(2019浙江卷6月)But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer 61._ this question is not clear.解析to考查介词。the answer to the question为固定用法，表示“问题的答案”，故用填词to。典例4(2018浙江卷6月)If you are not going to suffer this problem，then I suggest that the next time you go to your mums home 65._ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.解析for考查介词。根据语境可知，此处应用介词for表示“目的”。考查代词代词分为不定代词、复合代词、反身代词、指示代词和it。代词的选择取决于代词在句中所作的成分以及所代指的人或物。如果句中缺主语，则填代词的主格形式；如果句中缺宾语，则填代词的宾格形式；如果句中缺形式主语或形式宾语，则填it；如果句中主语和宾语相同，则填反身代词。典例5(2018浙江卷6月)Many westerners 57.who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58._ can be to eat out.解析it考查代词。此处应用it作形式主语，真正的主语是to eat out。考查连词连词分为并列连词和从属连词。常用的连词有and，but，so，or等。若在两个完整的句子之间设空，或两个谓语之间设空，通常填连词。典例6(全国卷)In much of Asia, especially the socalled “rice bowl”cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 41._ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.解析and考查并列连词。分析句子结构及语境可知，Vietnam与空前的“China, Japan, Korea”之间是并列关系，故填并列连词and。典例7(全国卷)But the river wasnt changed in a few days 64._ even a few months.解析or考查并列连词。句意：但是河流不是几天或几个月就改变了的。a few days和a few months为并列关系，且此句是否定句，因此要用or连接。考查从句引导词(一)考查定语从句的引导词定语从句的引导词取决于定语从句中缺少何种成分和先行词。定语从句关系词的选择从句中缺少成分先行词关系词从句中缺少主语指物that/which从句中缺少主语指人that/who从句中缺少宾语指物that/which从句中缺少宾语指人that/who/whom从句中缺少定语指人/物whose从句中缺少状语指地点指时间指原因wherewhenwhy整个主句which/as典例8(2019全国卷)They were well trained by their masters 44._ had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and 45.recommended(recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit.解析who考查定语从句的引导词。先行词是their masters且关系代词在从句中作主语，故填who。典例9(2019浙江卷6月)A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth 58._ gives off light in the dark.解析that/which考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为a piece of cloth，且定语从句中缺少主语，故填关系代词that/which。(二)考查状语从句的引导词状语从句的引导词通常有when, while, although, because, if等。这些引导词的选择取决于句子想表达的意思或者主从句之间的关系。有时候也会考查一些固定用法，如be doing.when., so.that., hardly. when.等。典例10(全国卷)Over time，45._ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.解析as/when考查状语从句的引导词。句意：慢慢地，随着人口的增长/当人口增长时，为了使食物热得更快，人们开始把食物切成小块。根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导状语从句，表示“随着，当时”，故填as/when。(三)考查名词性从句的引导词名词性从句的引导词通常取决于句子想表达的意思，如从句中任何成分都不缺乏，不需要表达额外的意义，则一定是填that，因为that只起连词的作用，不作任何成分，不含任何意义。典例11(2019全国卷)The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88， there is evidence 61._ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.解析that考查同位语从句的引导词。本句含有一个同位语从句，解释了名词evidence“证据”的具体内容，空处在从句中不充当成分，也无意义，故本空填连接代词that。典例12(2018全国卷)Im not sure 61._ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.解析who考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：我不确定谁受到了更大的惊吓，是我还是那只不知从何处突然蹦出来的雌性大猩猩。根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“谁”，故填who。(2019浙江卷6月)There are several reasons why school uniforms are a good idea.First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody 56._(have) to worry about fashion(时尚). Everybody wears 57._ same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways. A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth 58._ gives off light in the dark. When the children are walking or 59._(cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can 60._(easy) see them.But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer 61._ this question is not clear. One study in America found that students grades 62._(improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didnt want 63._(wear) the uniform. Other American studies showed no 64._(connect) between uniforms and school performance.School uniforms are 65._(tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some very good schools dont have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.【解题导语】本文介绍了穿校服的各种好处。56has/will have解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处用一般现在时描述一般情况；分析句子结构可知，主语是nobody，所以谓语动词用has。或理解为When引导的时间状语从句谓语动词用一般现在时表将来，主句用一般将来时，故可填will have。57the解析：考查冠词。根据语境和same可知，此处用the表示特指，表示“同样款式的衣服”。58that/which解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为a piece of cloth，且定语从句中缺少主语，故填关系代词that/which。59cycling解析：考查现在分词。根据walking和or可知，此处需要用现在分词与walking并列，故填cycling。60easily解析：考查副词。此处需用easy的副词形式来修饰动词，故填easily。61to解析：考查介词。the answer to the question为固定用法，表示“问题的答案”，故用介词to。62improved解析：考查谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处that引导宾语从句，而从句中缺少谓语动词，同时根据主句谓语动词found和时间状语从句中的introduced可知，此处也应用一般过去时，故填improved。63to wear解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为不定式作want的宾语，故用to wear。64connection/connections解析：考查名词。根据no可知，要用connect的名词形式，connection表示“联系，关联”，为可数名词，故填connection/connections。65traditional解析：考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处作are的表语，所以需要用tradition的形容词形式traditional，表示“传统的”。Test 1(2019杭州外国语学校高三质检)National Love Our Children Day began in America in 2004. It 1._(fall) on the first Saturday in April. 2._(it) aim is to honor and celebrate Americas children and stress the 3._(important) of love as they grow up. It is also intended to promote the relationship of family members and raise awareness of the need to protect children 4._ the harmful side of the society. Some people may argue that every day should be Love Our Children Day. However, there are millions of other children in the world 5._ are less fortunate and grow up without a loving childhood. Healthy and happy children provide the basis for a safe society for future generations when they become 6._(parent)National Love Our Children Day 7._(start) by the organization Love Our Children USA nearly 15 years ago. The organization helps to organize events across America to make children feel 8._(delight). Their website advises us 9._(spend) the day with the children and do something special together or buy them something theyve been dreaming for 10._ long time. Former mayor of New York City, Michael Bloomberg, also said, “All of our children deserve the love, encouragement and respect which they need to reach their full potential today and every day of the year.”【解题导语】文章介绍了美国的全国爱儿童日的相关内容。1falls解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：它(全国爱儿童日)是在每年四月的第一个星期六。本句叙述的内容为客观事实，应用一般现在时，且本句主语为It，故谓语应用第三人称单数形式falls。fall on在此处意为“(节日等)适逢(某日)，正当(某日)”。故填falls。2Its解析：考查代词。句意：该节日的目的是对美国儿童表示庆祝，让人们重视“在爱中成长”的重要性。设空处修饰名词aim，联系上两句可知，此处表示此节日的目的，表示所属关系，指物，故用形容词性物主代词。故填Its。3importance解析：考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。设空处前有定冠词the修饰，其后有介词of，设空处应用名词形式，故填importance。4from/against解析：考查固定搭配。句意：该节日也希望促进家庭成员之间的关系，增强人们对保护儿童免受社会负面危害的意识。protect.from/against.为固定搭配，意为“保护免受的伤害”。故填from/against。5who/that解析：考查定语从句。句意：然而，全世界仍有上百万儿童不幸，在没有爱的童年中长大。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是children，关系词在定语从句中充当主语，指人，故填who/that。6parents解析：考查名词单复数。句意：当健康快乐的孩子们成为父母，他们就为后代提供了安全社会的基础。parent是可数名词，根据此空所在从句的主语为they可知，此处应用复数形式，故填parents。7was started解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：全国爱儿童日是大约15年前由美国爱儿童组织发起的。根据语境及本句时间状语nearly 15 years ago可知，此处应用一般过去时，本句主语为National Love Our Children Day，指物，为单数概念，与start之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was started。8delighted解析：考查词性转换。句意：此组织帮助在全美组织活动，让孩子们感受到快乐。设空处前的feel为系动词，其后常跟形容词作表语，表示主语的状态或特征，故填delighted。9to spend解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：此组织的网站建议我们花时间与儿童一起做一些特别的事情，或是为他们买一些他们盼望已久的物品。advise意为“建议”，为及物动词，宾语后常跟to do作宾语补足语，亦可当作固定结构记忆。advise sb. to do sth.意为“建议某人做某事”。故填to spend。10a解析：考查冠词。句意见上一题解析。time虽为不可数名词，但之前有形容词long修饰，就变得具体，表泛指，故用不定冠词a。for a long time为固定搭配，意为“很长一段时间”。故填a。Test 2(2019杭州高级中学仿真测试)China has developed a millimeterwave cloud radar for Beijings new international airport, 1._ offers weather forecasts with 2._(high) accuracy than previous generations. 3._ was developed by a research institute associated with China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation, the countrys 4._(lead) radar maker. Established in 1958, the institute 5._(develop) Chinas first windprofiler radar for airports. The director of the institute said the millimeterwave cloud radar can be used in various 6._(field), such as atmospheric sciences, weather modifications, automatic cloud observation and weather services for aviation. Researchers have previously used the radar technology 7._(collect) weather data for Shanghai Meteorological Service, providing support in forecasting heavy rain, blizzards and fog. The system will be set up at the new airport in Beijings southern Daxing District early next year. The airport is under 8._(construct) and is expected to open by September. 9._(locate) 46 km south of downtown Beijing, the new airport will take pressure 10._ the overcrowded Beijing Capital International Airport in the citys northeast.【解题导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中国为北京正在修建的新的国际机场开发了一种云毫米波雷达并简述了它的用途和制造它的原因。1which解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，本句是非限制性定语从句，空格处在从句中作主语，先行词是“a millimeterwave cloud radar”，指物，应用关系词which引导。故填which。2higher解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据下文中的“than”可知，此处应用形容词的比较级形式。故填higher。3It解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，此处应填It指代“a millimeterwave cloud radar”。注意首字母大写。4leading解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰名词短语“radar maker”，应用形容词。故填leading。5developed解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据上文中的时间状语“in 1958”可知，主句的谓语动词应用一般过去时；又因为主语“the institute”与动词develop之间是主动关系，故填developed。6fields解析：考查名词的单复数。根据上文中的“various”可知，其后的名词应用复数形式。故填fields。7to collect解析：考查非谓语动词。use.to do.是固定短语，意为“用来做”。故填to collect。8construction解析：考查词性转换。under construction是固定短语，意为“正在建设中”。故填construction。9Located解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，locate和主语“the new airport”之间是被动关系，此处用过去分词形式作伴随状语。故填Located。注意首字母大写。10off解析：考查介词。根据语境可知，新建的机场将为过度拥挤的北京首都国际机场减少压力。take.off为固定短语，意为“把带走”。故填off。Test 3(2019浙江嵊州模拟)Around the world, malnutrition(营养不良) has become a problem that costs $3.5 trillion per year, according to the latest Global Nutrition Report, 1._ gives an analysis of food and nutrition issues each year.Although most countries have fallen short in their efforts 2._(deal) with poor nutrition and food insecurity, the US appears to be badly off track, the report found. The worlds 3._(large) economy continues to suffer from high rates of obesity, diabetes and anemia(贫血), according to the data, and has more