Waste not,want not.doc

Waste not, want notFood waste comprises roughly 70 percent of the countrys garbage and is difficult to collect, process and recycle - and hazardous not to. Zheng Xin, Wang Kaihao and Cheng Anqi report.While you often hear Chinese parents tell their kids to not waste food, the fact is food waste accounts for about 70 percent of the countrys mounting garbage production. Thats compared to less than 20 percent in many developed countries, where sorting and processing have been the norm since the 1980s. And as Chinas waste processing capabilities simply cant keep pace with the amount of garbage that is being produced, food waste is a bigger problem than it might be. As peoples lives improve, the catering industry is booming and dietary habits are changing, so were producing massive amounts of food waste, Beijing Technology and Business Universitys Department of Environmental Science and Engineering professor Ren Lianhai says.China has a long way to go in terms of better disposal because it lacks a national policy, scientific management and processing methods.Beijing was among a slew of local governments to pass regulations in 2011 about trash sorting and food waste disposal, largely because of public concerns about gutter oil - cooking oil retrieved from drains and sometimes reused by restaurants.The problem is that governments, NGOs and enterprises are struggling to cook up solutions for kitchen waste disposal and are finding they dont work or are difficult to implement.Recipes that are being tried include composting the waste into organic fertilizer using enzymes and earthworms, burning it to create electricity, feeding it to pigs and even using gutter oil as biofuel to power Dutch Airlines planes.Kitchen waste has become a primary pollution source and imposes serious risks to peoples health and the environment, Ren says.食物垃圾包括该国的大约百分之70的垃圾，很难收集，处理和回收和危险的不是。郑欣，凯豪程安琪报告王。当你经常听到父母告诉他们的孩子不浪费粮食，事实是食品约占全国百分之70的安装垃圾生产。这是相比不到百分之20在许多发达国家，那里的分拣和加工已经成为惯例，自上世纪80年代。作为中国废物处理能力根本无法跟上垃圾数量正在生产，食物垃圾是一个更大的问题比它可能是。”随着人们生活的提高，餐饮业的蓬勃发展和饮食习惯的改变，所以我们要生产大量粮食浪费，”北京工商大学环境科学与工程系任教授连海说。“中国有很长的路要走，在更好地处理，因为它缺乏一个国家政策，科学的管理和处理方法。”北京是一些地方政府通过条例2011关于垃圾分类和食物垃圾处理机，主要是因为公众对“地沟油”-烹饪油取自水渠，有时重复使用的餐馆。问题是，政府，非政府组织和企业正努力想出解决厨房垃圾处理并发现他们不工作或是难以实施。食谱，正在尝试包括堆肥垃圾变成有机肥料使用酶和蚯蚓，燃烧产生电力，喂养它猪甚至使用地沟油作为燃料发电荷兰航空公司的飞机。“厨房废物已成为一个主要的污染源，对严重威胁人民健康和环境，“仁说。Ren, who has studied waste management for more than a decade, explains the dangers of burying kitchen waste in landfills.Chinas food waste is 74 percent water - thats three times the saturation of US and European kitchen waste. Its referred to as wet waste globally.The pressure of being buried, combined with the chemical reactions of microbial biodegradation, causes the water to ferment and percolate, forcing hazardous and even carcinogenic sludge to ooze out, Ren explains.And food waste poses sanitation hazards before it even reaches the landfills, he adds.Take Beijing, for example. The capitals households produce 11,000 tons of kitchen waste, plus the 2,500 tons that spew out of restaurants, a day. But the municipalitys three large-scale processing plants can only handle 800 tons a day of food waste.The most common methods of kitchen waste disposal are feeding it to pigs and composting.While the evidence is inconclusive, many experts worry that turning household kitchen waste into pig slop is dangerous.任，谁研究了废物管理十多年，解释的危险废物填埋场填埋厨房。中国的食品废物是百分之74的水-这是三倍，饱和度的美国和欧洲厨房垃圾。它被称为“湿”。压力被埋葬，结合化学反应中的微生物降解，使水发酵和过滤，迫使危险甚至致癌污泥淤泥，任解释。食品废弃物卫生危害之前，甚至达到了垃圾填埋场，他补充说。以北京为例。资本的家庭生产11000吨餐厨垃圾，加上2500吨，吐出的餐馆，一天。但直辖市的三个大型加工厂只能处理800吨一天的食物垃圾。最常见的方法，厨房垃圾处理是喂给猪和堆肥。虽然没有确凿证据，许多专家担心，把家庭厨房垃圾猪的泔水是危险的。Pork is Chinas most popular meat and its presence in hog feed creates the risk of homology. Homology is cannibalism among animals that typically dont eat the meat of their own species in nature and can cause prion infections, such as mad cow disease.The Ministry of Agriculture has created a panel to study the risks but hasnt reached a consensus.Although the practice is common in Japan and South Korea, some of Chinas local governments, such as Fujian provinces Xiamen city, have outlawed it.Organic composting, though promising, also faces challenges.Many pilot projects have problems, such as people not sorting their trash, or collectors dumping sorted trash together or waiting too long to pick it up, creating a stench.Trash processing is a chain, Beijing Municipal Commission of City Administration and Environment garbage disposal official Chen Ling says.We cant expect people to sort out kitchen waste if theres no channel to handle it.Ren says the chains weak links come from a diffusion of responsibility.The dilemma is that experts complain about management, while officials complain about technological deficiencies, he says.There are also chemical reasons its difficult to compost in China.Chinese food contains too much oil, especially animal tallow, which coats the waste in a thick cover that seals out oxygen microbes need to biodegrade the waste, Ren explains.One solution is to dilute the food waste with other biodegradable trash, such as paper.Insufficient storage is another problem. Farming is seasonal, but food waste is produced year-round.And even if there were more storage facilities, compost rots too quickly to last from harvest until the next planting.In addition, the saltiness of Chinese food means the fertilizer it becomes can make arable land fallow over time, Ren says.Still, several projects are running that turn kitchen waste into organic fertilizer around the country.Many NGOs, such as the Fujian Environmental Protection Volunteer Association, exchange organic vegetables for correctly sorted trash.The produce is grown with the organic fertilizer from their communitys waste, meaning that, theoretically, the melon rind a household throws out can end up back on the familys table as a fresh organic melon.The associations founder Zheng Dijian believes its all about incentives.If people get something out of sorting their garbage, they will, he says. If they dont, they wont.Another kitchen waste use idea being tried out is incineration to create electricity.Trash in Chaoyang districts Chaoyang Circular Economy Industrial Zone, in Beijing, is compressed to wring out the water, left to dry for five days and then incinerated at the 200-hectare solid waste incineration plant.About 1,600 tons feed the furnaces a day, creating 220 million kilowatt hours - equivalent to 70,000 tons of coal - annually. About 70 percent of that electricity powers the industrial zone while the rest flows into the North China Power System.But its uncertain how - and if - this could work on a nationwide scale.Ren, who works on a national panel devoted to developing the countrys kitchen waste disposal system, says Beijings government plans to build at least one large wet waste processing plant in every district and county.The problem is that nobodys sure what sort of plant they should construct.The same quandary faces the proposed 100-150 plants to be built nationwide before 2016. They should be able to process a total of up to 30 million tons a year.Im glad to see people are working on this, Ren says.But we still have a long way to go.Erik Nilsson contributed to the story.猪肉是中国最受欢迎的肉类和其在猪饲料造成的风险，同源性。同源性为食的动物中通常不吃的肉自己种的性质和可能造成的朊病毒感染，如疯牛病。农业部建立了一个研究小组的风险，但没有达成共识。虽然实践是在日本和韩国，中国一些地方政府，如福建省的厦门市，已经禁止它。有机堆肥，但有希望的，也面临着挑战。许多试验项目有