高中动词不定式的用法总结.doc

动词不定式的用法总结动词不定式由：“to +动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to do”。不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。不定式具有名词特征，可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。一.不定式的用法：1.作主语不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语动词后，用it 作形式主语。To see is to believe.It is possible to live an independent and fulfilling life.(P4)2.作宾语不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。常见的带不定式作宾语的动词，begin, continue, hope, decide, want, wish, try, learn, afford, agree, manage, refuse等等。He wanted to go.I find it interesting to study English.I have learned to adapt to my disability.3.作宾语补足语(ask, tell, order, cause, allow, want, like , advise, force, permit, get等)He asked me to do the work with him.注意：在feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch, have, let, make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to，但是这些句子如果变成被动结构，就必须带to。I often hear him sing the song.He is often heard to sing the song.She asked me to go out.4. 作定语不定式作定语常放在所修饰的名词或代词的后面。Let us give him something to eat.He is looking for a room to live in.The family village website gives ordinary young people with a disability the chance to tell their personal stories.5.作状语表目的，原因，结果或条件。目的状语可用：in order to, so as toI came here to see you.Check your composition so as to avoid mistakes.Next year he will be trained to be a teacher.结果状语可用：enough to, soas to, tooto, only toHe lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.Some days I was too tired to get out of bed.原因状语可用：sb.+ adj.+to doI am glad to help you.She was proud to have recently represented her country.条件状语 To look at him, you would like him.6.作表语My job is to help patients.His ambition is to become an actor.7.作独立成分To tell the truth, I dont agree with you.常见的词还有：to be frank(坦白地说)，to be exact（确切地说）, to begin with(首先)。8.不定式与疑问词who, which, when, where, how ,what, 等连用在句中起名词作用，可充当主语，宾语和表语等He didnt know what to say.How to solve the problem is very important.So they dont know how to make me well.二.不带to的不定式1）在使役动词feel, hear, listen to, make, let, have, see, look at, watch, notice, observe后不定式作宾补时省略to。2）在would ratherthan, rather than等结构的than之后用不带to的不定式。 I would rather go than stay. He insisted on going back to his work rather than stay in hospital.3）在以why引导的疑问句中不带to。 Why not do it right now?4）不定式动词在介词but, except, besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的 各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to,否则要带to。 She could do nothing but cry. I have no choice but to accept the fact.5）不定式作表语时，在下列情况下可省略to：当含do的定语从句或含do的不定式修饰all, all that thing, the only(first, last) thing,且它们是该主句（该句）的主语时，作表语的不定式的to可省去。All we do is (to) work.All that thing I want to do now is (to) drink some water.The only thing to do is (to) run away.The first thing to do is (to) have breakfast.当主语时含do的主语从句时，作表语的不定式的to 可省。What I want to do is (to) take a holiday.What you do now is (to) bring me a cup of tea.三动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式有一般式to do、进行式to be doing和完成式having done，当动词不定式的逻辑主语是它所表示的动作的承受者时，动词不定式要用被动语态。如：It is an honour for me to be invited to the party. 我很荣幸被邀请参加聚会。 动词不定式专项练习题1. Tell him _ the window. A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut 2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 3. They would not allow him _ across the enemy line. A. to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going 4. I saw him _ out of the room. A. go B. had gone C. has gone D. goes 5. Ive heard him _ about you often. A. spoke B. speaks C. speak6. Though he had often made his little sister _, today he was made _by his little sister. A. cry；to cryB. crying；crying C. cry；cryD. to cry；cry 7. There isnt any difference between the two. I really dont know _. A. where to choose B. which to choose C. to choose what D. to choose which 8. “ Have you decided when _?” “ Yes, tomorrow morning.” A. to leaveB. to be leaving C. will you leave D. are you leaving 9. She pretended _ me when I passed by. A. not to seeB. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen 10. - The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _. A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off 11. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the path. A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest 12. Tom kept quiet about the accident _ lose his job. A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to 13. I prefer _ rather than _. A. read； watch B. to read； watch C. reading； to watchD. to read； to watch 14. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _. A. sit B. sit on C. be sit D. be sat on 15. Im hungry. Get me something _. A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. for eating 16. She did nothing _ at the photo. A. except lookB. but to look C. except to look D. but looking 17. The problem _ at tomorrows meeting is a very difficult one. A. being discussedB. discussed C. to be discussedD. to discuss 18. This problem is said _ three times. A. to have been talked B. to have discussed C. having been discussed D. to have been talked about 高考体验1.（2011福建卷）The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable _. A.held B. holding C.be held D.to hold2.（2011四川卷） Simon made a big bamboo box _ the little sick bird till it could fly.A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep3.（2011天津卷）Passengers are permitted _ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A.to carry B. carrying C. to be carried D. being carried4.（2011重庆卷）More TV programs, according to government to officials, will be produced _peoples concern over food safety.A.to raise B.raisingC.to have raised D. having raised5.（2011北京卷） Its important for the figures _ regularly.A. to be updated B. to have been updatedC. to update D. to have updated6.【2012辽宁】This machine is very easy _. Anybody can learn to