英语语音Stress and rhythm.ppt

Unit22StressandRhythm 重读和节奏 WhenEnglishspeakersarespeaking theyusually makesomepartsofwordsstrongerandclearerthanotherparts wordstress joinpartsofthewordstogether soundlinking arrangewordsintogroupsandjointhemtogether pausesandwordgroups makesomewordsstrongerandclearerthanotherwords sentencestress Everylanguageintheworldhasitsownrhythmicpatterns Therearetwotypesofrhythmintheworld slanguages Stress timing 重音定时节奏 andsyllable timing 音节定时节奏 Stress timing Equalintervalsbetweenstressedsyllables 重读音节之间使用一样的时间间隔 Prototypicallanguages English Dutch GermanSyllable timing Equalsyllabledurations 每个音节使用一样的时间长度 Prototypicallanguages French SpanishAlllanguagesoftheworldaresaidtofallintoonegrouportheother TwoTypesofRhythm RhythminEnglishspeechisbasedonstress 英语的节奏基于重读 或者节奏以重读音节为节奏单位 TheEnglishspeechisStress timing thatis thestressedsyllablesfolloweachotheratroughlyequalintervalsoftime InEnglish variationofsyllablesorwordsthathavestrongstresswiththosethathaveweakerorreducedstressistypicalandcontributestotherhythmofEnglish Therefore rhythminEnglishspeechisbasedonstress Examples adot short adash long ExampleOne clapyouhandsintimetothestressasyoureadthesentences 读以下句子的时候 请随着重读音节拍手 Note thestressedsyllablesfolloweachotheratroughlyequalintervalsoftime RhythminEnglishspeechisbasedonstress 英语的节奏基于重读 或者节奏以重读音节为节奏单位 Tom John Steve Sam Thomson Johnson Steven Samson Thomsonand Johnsonand Stevenand Samson Thomsonandthen Johnsonandthen Stevenandthen Samson RhythminEnglishspeechisbasedonstress 英语的节奏基于重读 或者节奏以重读音节为节奏单位 ExampleTwo readthefollowingpairsofphrasesandsentences Blackorwhite Itwasblackanditwaswhite softandlightIt ssoftandit slight DanandSueItwasDannyanditwasSusie breadandmilkSomebreadandsomemilk Getapurse Getusherpurse adarkroomItwasdarkintheroom coldwinterItwascoldinthewinter Note ittakesaboutthesamelengthoftimetosayeachpairofthesephrasesandsentencesbecausethenumberofsyllablesmayvarybutthenumberofstressedsyllablesarethesame Fig 1 ChinesePutonghuaontherhythmicscaleinrelationtoFrench SpanishandEnglishSyllable timingStress timingFrenchPutonghuaSpanishEnglish TherhythmicpatternsofChineseandEnglish Pleasereadthesentencealoud Who scomingtothebirthdayparty TherhythmicpatternsofChineseandEnglish Who scomingtothebirthdaypar ty Byanon nativespeakerofEnglish Who scomingtothebirthdaypar ty ByanativespeakerofEnglish Table2 Syllablelengthfor birthdayparty in Who scomingtothebirthdayparty Timeunit sec RhythmUnit 节奏单位 或节奏群 Arhythmunitisformedbyastressedsyllable togetherwithunstressedsyllableswhichmaycomebeforethatstressand orafterit Arhythmunit one andonlyone stressedsyllable unstressedsyllable s E g Who s comingtothe birthday party 4rhythmunits Fourchieffeaturesofarhythmunit 节奏单位 群 的四大特点 1 itcontainsone andonlyone stressedsyllableanditmayalsocontainunstressedsyllables 2 nomatterhowmanysyllablesarhythmunitmaycontain itisspokeninalmostthesamelengthoftimeastheotherrhythmunits 3 nopauseorbreakbetweenthewordsinonerhythmunit Apauseisnormallypossibleonlyattheendofarhythmunit 4 Inarhythmunit unstressedsyllablesarequiteshortbeforethestressedsyllable andrelativelylongafterthestress E g Itwasa cold De cember morning Itwasa and De arequiteshort But ber and ning arefairlylong 英语话语的重读规律是 重读音节与非重读音节相间出现 重读音节与非重读音节一起组成节奏单位 群 在不受迟疑 可使人说话速度放慢 或激动 可使人说话速度加快 等因素影响的情况下 话语中句子重读音节之间的间隔时间大致相等 也就是说 根据英语的节奏规律 话语说起来所需的时间不取决于它有多少个词 多少个音节 而取决于它有多少个句子重读音节 假如句子重读音节之间的非重读音节数多 结果必然是说起来要快一些 含糊一些 RequirementsforagoodEnglishrhythm 如何掌握好英语的节奏 1 emphasizethestressedsyllables givingproperemphasistostressedsyllables 2 weakeningtheunstressedsyllables weakening 弱化 unstressedwordsandsyllablesandobscuring 使模糊 thevowelsinmostofthem 3 pauses organizingwordsproperlyintowordgroupsbymeansofpauses 4 soundlinking blending 连起 thefinalsoundofeachwordandsyllablewiththeinitialsoundofthefollowingonewithinthesamewordgroup 5 weakforms 在英语中 一句话说起来所需时间长短不取决于句中的单词数或音节数 而取决于句中有多少个重读音节 句中重读音节通常语速会慢一些 音节听起来自然也清楚一些 重读音节之间拥挤着出现的非重读音节听起来轻快而且含糊 练习英语话语节奏的重点是 学会顺利地 匀称地从一个重读音节移动到下一个重读音节 特别要学会使用弱势读音和连读等方法 把重读音节中间夹带的非重读音节读好 总之 Nowsomepractices Sentenceswithtwostressedsyllables Pleaseeat Whatisthat Writeitdown Takeitback Doitnow Givehimsomemore Turnonthelight Leaveitalone Finishitifyoucan Theydiditwell Hetoldusalie Theywalkedinthedark Hangitonthewall Cleanitwithabrush Theywaitedforanhour He llfinishittoday Theyheardofitbefore IthinkheoughttoTheywentonaSaturday Note ittakesaboutthesamelengthoftimetoreadeachofthesentences Sentenceswiththreestressedsyllables Don tgonow Samworkshard Ican tbelieveit strue It sallthesametome I dlikeapieceofbread I msorryI mlateagain I dliketotakeanewone Shewantsapoundofsugar It sonlyforgirlsandboys Hestudieseveryevening Ithinkthathewantsustogo Theofficeisopenateight She sgoneforawalkinthepark Iwonderifhe lltelltheminadvance Theothersmusthavebeenwaitingforawhile Therewassnowandiceintheopen We vebeenwaitingforanhourandahalf We llgointotheneighbouringbuilding It stimewewerehavingourlunch Note ittakesaboutthesamelengthoftimetoreadeachofthesentences Sentenceswithfourstressedsyllables Heusedtoplayiteveryday Helefthisworkwithoutaword I vetoldhimnottocomeagain Sheoughttoknowthewaybynow Isawhimstandingallalone Aglassofwinewilldohimgood I dliketoenjoyaglassofwine Wouldyouliketocomewithustonight Theywantedtowatchitagainandagain Perhapsyoucancallherateighttonight Ishouldn tbesurprisediftheyforgottocome Theothersmustwaitintheclassroomforawhile Ithoughtitwaswonderfultobeabletocome Yousaidthathewouldlikeustocomefortheparty Yousaidthatyouwanted