定语从句2.doc

定语从句（二）一、教学内容 （一）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 形式上：不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上：是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。译法上：译成先行词的定语：“的”关系词的使用上：A作宾语时可省略 B可用that C可用who代替whom非限制性定语从句形式上：用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。译法上：通常译成主句的并列句。关系词的使用上：A不可省略 B不用that C不可用who代替whom限制性定语从句举例：TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.老师告诉我说汤姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.中国是一个历史悠久的国家。InthestreetIsawamanwhowasfromAfrica. 在街上我看到一个来自非洲的人。非限制性定语从句举例：Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim. China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful. LastsummerIvisitedthePeoplesGreatHall,inwhichmanyimportantmeetingsareheldeveryyear. （一）限制性定语从句中只能用that引导定语从句的情况1当先行词是everything,anything,nothing(something外),all,none,few,little,some等不定代词时，或当先行词受 every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代词修饰时。如：HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid? Thereseemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld. Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone. ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou. Hestayedinthelibraryandlookedupanyinformationthattheyneeded. 注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who，如：Anymanthat/whohasasenseofdutywontdosuchathing. Allthegueststhat/whowereinvitedtoherweddingwereimportantpeople.2当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen. 3当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen. 4当先行词被thevery,theonly修饰时。如：ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.这正是我要买的词典。Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowns. 注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。如：WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting. 5当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时。如：Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate? WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost? 6当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如：Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschool Lookatthemanandhisdonkeythatarewalkingupthestreet.瞧瞧那个沿街走来的人和他的毛驴。（二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句时，其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是：1.as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如：Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.他跟她结婚了，这是很自然的事。Heishonest,as/whichwecansee.他很诚实，这一点我们看得出来。2.as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至可分割从句。which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as常常有“正如、正像”的含义。如：Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry. Heisfromthesouth,aswecanknowfromhisaccent. John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter. ZhangHuahasbeentoParismorethantentimes,whichIdontbelieve. 注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。如：Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry. Thesetablesaremadeofmetal,whichmadethemveryheavy. 当先行词受such,thesame修饰时，关系词常用as。如：Iveneverheardsuchstoriesashetells. Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks. ThisisthesamedictionaryasIlostlastweek.注意：当先行词受thesame修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。如：SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMaryswedding. Sheworethesamedressasheryoungersisterwore.(三)以theway为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由inwhich或that引导，而且通常可以省略。如：Theway(that/inwhich)heansweredthequestionswassurprising.Idontliketheway(that/inwhich)youlaughather.（四）关系代词与关系副词的选择用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。试比较：A.Iknowaplacewherewecanhaveapicnic.Iknowaplacewhich/thatisfamousforitsbeautifulnaturalscenery. B.Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenwespentourholidaystogether. Iwillneverforgetthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether. C.Thisisthereasonwhyhewasdismissed. Thisisthereasonthat/whichheexplainedtomeforhisnotattendingthe meeting.（五）定语从句与同位语从句的区别1定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforParis.（定语从句） Thefactthathehasalreadydiedisquiteclear.（同位语从句）2定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。同位语从句主要由连词that引导，在从句中一般不担当成分；有时也由where,when,how,who,whether,what等连词引导，这些连词则在从句中担当成分。 A: Thenewsthathetoldmeistrue. Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue. B:Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney. Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve. C : Thequestionthatheraisedpuzzledallofus. Thequestionwhetherheissuretowinthegameishardtoanswer. 3同位语从句与先行词一般可以用动词be发展成一个完整的句子,而定语从句则不能。如：A.Theideathathewecouldasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful.Theideawasthatwecouldasktheteacherforadvice.B.Thefactthattheearthmovesaroundthesunisknowntoall. Thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.C. Payattentiontotheproblemhowwecanprotectthewildanimals. Theproblemishowwecanprotectthewildanimals.三教学练习特殊结构定语从句点击1. These houses are sold at such a low price _ people expected. A. like B. as C. that D. which 2. Ive never heard so interesting a story _ you told me. A. as B. that C. of which D. about which 3. Ive seen the same film _ you saw yesterday. A. that B. which C. as D. like 4. Ill buy the same coat _ you wear. A. that B. which C. as D. like 5. He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science. A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think is 6. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What 7. This is the first time _ he has been here. A. that B. when C. at which D. which 8. I dont like _ you speak to her. A. the way B. they way in that C. the way which D. the way of which 四 布置作业1. I dont like_you speak to her. A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which 2. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _in the forest. A. once they grew B. they grew once C. they once grew D. that once grew 3. Carol said the work would be done by October, _ personally I doubt very much. A. it B. that C. when D. which 4. _ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior schools is increasing. A. Which B. As C. That D. It 5. He was very rude to the Customs officer, _ of course made things even worse. A. who B. whom C. what D. which 6. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _,of course , made the others unhappy. A. who B. which C. this D. what 7. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose 8. The result of the experiment was very good, _ we hadnt expected. A. when B. that C. which D. what 9. Have you seen the film “Titanic”, _ leading actor is world-famous? A. its B. its C. whose D. which 10. John said hed been working in the office for an hour, _ was true. A. he B. this C. which D. who 11. The film brought the hours to me _ I was taken good care of in that far away village. A. until B. that C. when D. where 12. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What 13. He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years. A. is B. are C. have been D. has been 14. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which C. while D. why 15. Is this the