英语从句c.ppt

英语从句 1 分类 名词性从句 包括主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 形容词性从句 即定语从句 副词性从句 即状语从句 包括时间 条件 结果 目的 原因 让步 地点 方式等 1 1名词性从句 1 1 1主语从句1 主语从句可直接位于主语的位置 如果从句较长 谓语又较短 可用it作形式主语 而将从句放在句末 常见的句型有 Itisafact apity aquestion goodnewsthat Itseems appears happened hasturnedoutthat Itisclear important likely possiblethat Itissaid reported estimated hasbeenprovedthat Itissaidthatcomicbookscreateaconnectionbetweenpeopleofthesamegeneration Itseemsthattheperformanceisveryuseful 2 what引导的主语从句表示 的东西时 一般不用it作形式主语 Whatwelackisexperience 3 what who when why whether等词含有各自的疑问意义 但它们引导的主语从句 都用陈述语序 Howtheplanistobecarriedoutshouldbediscussedagain IdidknowwhyIfeltlikecrying 1 1 2宾语从句1 宾语从句可位于及物动词 介词和某些形容词后 连词that常可省略 介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句 inthat 因为 exceptthat 除了 butthat 只是 已构成固定搭配 其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句 IpromisedthatIwouldchangethesituation AllthisisdifferentfromwhatAmericanyoungpeoplewouldsayaboutfriendship Heiscertainthatwatchingsomuchtelevisionisnotgoodforchildren Thisarticleiswell writtenexceptthatitisabittoolong 2 宾语从句后如有宾补 要用形式宾语it来代替 而把宾语从句移至宾补之后 Hehasmadeitclearthathewouldnotchangehismind 3 在think believe suppose expect等动词后的宾语从句中 如果谓语是否定的 一般将否定词移至主句谓语上 宾语从句则变成肯定形式 Hedidn tthinkthatthemoneywaswellspent 1 1 3表语从句表语从句出现在结构为 主语 系动词 表语从句 的句子中 表语从句除可用that what when why whether how等引导外 还可由because asif though 等引导 that常可省略 如主句主语为reason 只能用that引导表语从句 不可用because PerhapsthemostimportantthingtorememberisthatthereisnoonecommontypeoflifeinAmerica Thereasonwhysomanypeoplediedthereisthattherewerenotenoughfoodsupplies Itlooksasifsuccessfulinternationalculturalcommunicationwillmaketheworldsmaller 2 宾语从句后如有宾补 要用形式宾语it来代替 而把宾语从句移至宾补之后 Hehasmadeitclearthathewouldnotchangehismind 1 1 4 同位语从句同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明 一般用连词that引导 由于先行名词的意义不同 也可用whether who when where what why how等引导 常见的先行名词有fact idea belief news hope conclusion evidence suggestion order problem report decision 有时由于谓语较短 将同位语从句位于谓语之后 shefinallymadethedecisionthatshewouldjointhefashionshow ihadnoideahowmanybooksicouldborrowatatime thenewscamethattheirteamhadwonthechampionship 1 2形容词性从句 定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词 也可以是一个句子 定语从句通常位于先行词之后 由关系代词或关系副词引导 限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句修饰先行词 对先行词起修饰作用 紧接先行词之后 无逗号 若省去 原句意思不完整 引导定语从句的关系代词有who whom whose which that等 who whom whose用于指人 whose有时也可指物 相当于ofwhich which用于指物 that既可指人也可指物 但只用于限制性定语从句中 关系代词除了引导定语从句 替代先行词外 还在从句中担任主语 宾语 定语等 ThecomputersandcableswhichmakeuptheInternetareownedbypeopleandorganizations Thosewholivealoneorwhoaresickmayhavetroubleingettingclosetootherpeople Thegirlwhoseparentsdiedinanaccidentislivingwithhergrandmother 1 当先行词是all anything everything something nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first last any few much some no only以及形容词最高级修饰时 只能用关系代词that引导从句 ThatisallthatI veheardfromhim He sthefirstpersonthatI mgoingtointerviewthisafternoon 2 关系代词的省略在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略 关系代词紧跟介词 作介词宾语时不可用that 只可用which或whom引导从句 并且不可省略 但当介词位于宾语从句句末时 作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that 也可省略 Thisisoneofthosethingswithwhichwehavetoputup Thisisoneofthosethings which that wehavetoputupwith 3 引导定语从句的关系副词有when where why等 关系副词在从句中作状语 意义上相当于一个 介词 which 的结构 Evenincomicbookswhere inwhich therearenowords thestoriesarefullyexpressedthroughthedrawings Nooneknowsthereasonwhy forwhich hewassoangrythatday 非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词 也可修饰整个主句 起补充说明作用 与主句之间有逗号隔开 若省去 原句意思不受影响 不可用that引导非限制性定语从句 关系词不可省略 Everyobjecthasagravitationalpull whichisratherlikemagnetism 介词 which whom whose 引导的定语从句 介词 which whom whose 可引导限制性定语从句 也可引导非限制性定语从句 该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配 或先行词的习惯搭配 ThisisthecomputeronwhichhespentallhissavingsItiswrittenbyapersonwithwhomweareallfamiliar as引导的定语从句as引导的定语从句主要用于 such as 及 thesame as 的结构中 代替先行词是人或物的名词 as引导非限制性定语从句时 代替整个主句 从句可位于主句之前 之后或中间 Thesearenotsuchproblemsascanbeeasilysolved as代替先行词problems Asismentionedabove nosinglecompanyorgroupcancontrolwhathappensontheInternet as代替主语 1 3副词性从句 1 3 1状语从句 时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有 1 when whenever while as after before since till until once等 Wehavelearntquitealotaboutitsincewecamehere 2 assoonas hardly scarcely when nosooner than each every time themoment immediately that 等 AssoonasIsentane mailmessage Ireceivedpositiveresponses Themomentheheardthegoodnews hejumpedwithjoy 地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词是where wherever Wherevershewent shetookherlittledaughterwithher 原因 结果和目的状语从句1 引导原因状语从句的从属连词有 because as since now that seeingthat consideringthat inthat等 Consideringthatheisafreshman wemustsayheisdoingwell 2 引导结果状语从句的连词有 so that such that sothat that so等 MickeyMouseissoattractivethatthechildrenarereluctanttoleave 3 引导目的状语从句的连词有 sothat inorderthat forfearthat lest等 从句常使用may might can could would等情态动词 Wegotupearlythismorningsothatwecouldcatchthefirstbustotherailwaystation 条件和让步状语从句1 引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if unless as so longas onconditionthat incase provided providing that supposing等 Aslongasyouhavetherightequipment youcanuseatelephonelinetotransmitcomputerdata 2 引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有though although whether eventhough evenif nomatterwhat when how whatever whenever wherever however 等 though evenif等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构 具有强调意义 其结构为 形容词 副词 动词 名词 as 主语 谓语 Nomatterwhatyoumaysay Iwouldnotchangemymind Youngasheis heisquiteexperiencedinthisw