英文学习资料-代词.doc

专题二 代词历年代词考点情况分析1.频率高，每年至少一题，多是两题。2.重点为不定代词与无人称代词it的用法。3. 代词种类多，用法各异，对每一代词都应认真研究、归纳其特点，并在使用中不断区别比较，掌握各代词的一般规律及特殊用法。分类:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词、连接代词和关系代词。人称代词主格：I / we ; you / you ; he , she , it / they 人称代词宾格：me / us ; you / you ; him , her , it / them形容词性物主代词：my / our ; your / your ; his , her , its / their名词性物主代词：mine / ours ; yours / yours ; his , hers ,its / theirs反身代词：myself / ourselves ; yourself / yourselves ; himself , herself , itself / themselves指示代词：this / these ; that / those相互代词宾格：each other ; one another相互代词所有格：each others ; one anothers不定代词可数：each ; one ; many ; (a) few ; both ; another ; either ; neither ; no one不定代词不可数：much ; (a) little不定代词即可数又不可数：all ; some ; none ; such ; any ; other复合不定代词：anyone , anybody , anything ; someone , somebody , something ; nobody , nothing ; everyone , everybody , everything疑问代词：who ; whom ; whose ; which ; what 连接代词：who(ever) ; whom(ever) ; whose(ever) ; which(ever) ;what(ever)关系代词：who ; whom ; whose ; which ; that ; as基本用法一 人称代词的用法1.主格担任主语,宾语担任动词或介词的宾语,口语中常用宾格。 Its me.2. we和you有时可泛指一般人；she可以代表国家、船只、大地、月亮。3. 人称代词的次序: 单数 复数you/he and I we and you/theyyou and he you and theyyou, he and I we, you and they 上述规则也适用于代词所有格。 4. 强调句型中,强调主语用主格, 强调宾语用宾格。Its I who am his best friend. Its her that we are talking about.二 反身带词的用法1. 作宾语，表示动词回到动作执行者的本身。 Heaven only helps those who help themselves. (直接宾语)Susan asked herself the same question. (间接宾语)Now you are old enough to take care of yourself.(介词宾语)2.作同位语,来加强名词或者代词的语气,应该重读。在句中常置于名词、代词之后或者句子末尾,可作“亲自”、“本人”、“本身”解。 Did your sister do the cooking herself?I want to talk to the president himself.3.常用反身代词短语 by oneself; for oneself; in oneself; of oneself; to oneself; beside oneself.三 指示代词的用法1. this , that , these , those的用法1）this和these一般指时间或者空间上较近的人或者物, that和those一般指时间或者空间上较远的人或者物, 在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语或者状语。2）that和those可以用来代替前面已经提到的名词, 避免重复。That用来代替前面所提到的单数名词,而those代替前面已经提到的复数名词。The population of Beijing is larger than that of your city.3）that可以用来表示程度, 作状语。I dont think he is that foolish.4）this和that都可以代表前面提到过的事。如果出现两个名词, 指代前面的用that, 指带后面的用this;但是如果指下文将要叙述的事情, 则只能用this, 不能用that.Health is above wealth; this cannot give so much happiness as that. What I want to say is this, English is useful.2. Such的用法 such表示“这样”, such a表示“这样一个”, such as表示“像这样的”。such在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语。作定语时, 所修饰的名词前面如有不定冠词, 它要放在such后面。He is such an interesting boy.四疑问代词用法 疑问代词均用在特殊疑问句中,且均位于句首; 在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。1.口语中常用who代替whom作宾语。但其前有介词, 只用whom. Who are you waiting for here?2.Who , what , which在特殊疑问句中做主语时, 谓语动词用陈述句式。Who teaches you English? 其后加后缀-ever, 构成其强调形式。Take whichever you like. what 与 which的区别: 选择余地不大时用which; 选择余地较大而到底有多少种可能性还不知道时,用what。只有Which后才能接of 短语。Which of them can help us？3.Whose和which在特殊疑问句作主语的定语时, 谓语动词用陈述式。Whose bike is new? 五不定代词的用法1. One , some , any的用法 One可以泛指任何人，还可以在形容词that, this等词后代替刚才提到过的可数名词，复数形式ones,可以用作主语和宾语; ones是它的物主代词形式, 可以用作定语; oneself是它的反身代词形式, 可以用作主语和宾语。Some和any通常作定语，均可以修饰可数和不可数名词的单数和复数。some用于单数名词前, 表示“某一”; Some用于数词前, 表示“大约”; Some可以用于表示邀请或者请求的问句中, 预期的答案是肯定的, 可以鼓励对方给予一个肯定的答复。Could you let me have some coffee?(请求) Would you like some bananas?(邀请)。2.each和every的用法1) each强调个别，可以充当定语、主语、宾语和同位语。every强调整体，相当于汉语的“每个都”, 在句中只作定语。We have two boxes each. Each of us has two boxes. The teacher had a talk with each of them.2) each所代表的数可以是两个以上, 而every所指的数必须是三个以上。each 的位置比较灵活。Each of the two has won a prize. Every student in the class likes English.They were each praised for their suggestions. 3) everyone指人, every one可指人指物3. none和no的用法1) no=not any,作定语, 修饰可数名词单复数或者不可数名词。none作主语或者宾语。There is no water in the well. None of them know the story.2) none代替不可数名词做主语时, 谓语动词用单数; 代替可数名词作主语时, 谓语可单可复。None of the students are /is afraid of difficulties.4. another和other的用法1) anothera. another指三个或者三个以上中的“任何一个”。只用于单数可数名词前,指“再一”, “另一”;作代词或者形容词。也可与one搭配;或单独使用。She wants another cup of tea.This cup is dirty. Give me another (one).b. 在表时间、金钱、距离等短语前, 用于有数词修饰的复数名词前,表“还,在,又”。 Wait me for another three years. We walked another five miles.c. 常与another连用的短语: one after another (相继地); one another= each other, one another表示两者以上的相互关系; each other表示两者之间的相互关系, 但现在多用each other代替one another。each other非正式, one another正式。 2) other a. other泛指“另外的”, 作定语, 常与复数名词或者不可数名词连用; 但如果前面有the, this, that, some, any, each, every, no, none, one,以及形容词性物主代词时，则可以与单数名词连用。 other boys, any other plant, every other day, some other reason等。b. the other与单数名词或不可数名词连用, 指“两者中的另一个”, 常与one连用; 与复数名词连用时, 相当于the others, 表示“全部其余的”。 He held a bowl in one hand and a book in the other.c. others是other 的复数形式, 泛指“别的人或者物”(但不是全部)。the others是the other的复数形式,特指“全部其余的人或者物”。 Some are carrying water, and others are watering the trees. d. Onethe other指两个人或物构成的一组中的个体; oneanother指同一组内的两个个体。六It的用法（一）代词it的用法：1. 作代词, 代替前文提到的事物。 The frog is not a warm-blooded animal. Its a cold-blooded one.2. 代替提示代词this, that. Whats this? Its an eraser. -Whose English book is that? -Its his.3. 起指示代词的作用, 指一个人或者事物。Who is knocking at the door? Its me.4. 指环境情况等。 It was very noisy at the moment.5. 指时间、季节等。What time is it? It often rains in summer.6. 指距离。 It is five kilometers from the office to her home.（二）引导词it的用法：1.作形式主语。It is not easy to finish the work in two weeks. .It is a pity that you didnt read the book.It is no use crying over spilt milk2.作形式宾语。I think it no use arguing with him. I found it very interesting to study English.3.用于强调结构“It is (was) + 被强调部分 + that (who) + 句子的其他成分”。如果强调的部分是人,who , whom 代替that.It is Prof. Li who teaches us English. (强调主语)It is English that Prof. Li teaches us. （强调宾语）It was in Beijing that I saw the film. （强调状语）It was in 1991 that I worked in that company. （强调状语） 4.注意区别：It was ten oclock when she came back. It was at ten oclock that she came back. 能力训练1. I remember having read about it in_.A. any magazine B. some magazine C. both magazine D. magazine2. _have been chosen.A. I, you and he B. He, you and I C. You, he and I D. You, he and me3. _can always try to do a little better than_ best.A. One ; you B. One ; one C. One ; his D. One ; ones4. One of the students hasnt prepared _lessons very well.A. Ones B. Oneself C. Ones D. his5. (全国2000)It is the ability to do the job _matters not where you come from or what you are.A. one B. that C. what D. if6. (全国2001)The Parkers bought a new house but _will need a lot of work before they can move it.A. that B. it C. one D. which7. （全国2002）Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _I will always treasure.A. that B. one C. it D. what8. （全国2003）Few pleasures can equal _of a cool drink on a hot day.A. some B. any C. that D. those9. My skirt is less beautiful than_.A. her B. hers C. him D. his10. It was _and _who were late for the class this morning.A. me ; him B. him ; me C. he ; I D. I ; he11. _say theres going to be another good harvest this year.A. We B. You C. They D. I12. They invited the three of_, Bob, Joe and_.A. us ; me B. we ; I C. us ; I D. we ; we13. _have a new English-Chinese dictionary.A. Each B. Each of us C. Every of us D. We each14. During the exam no one is allowed to ask _questions.A. a few B. all C. any D. some15. It is impossible for all the people to get the job, because _them are not fit for it.A. every one of B. all of C. none of D. each of 16. Which of the four may I use? -Oh, _.A. any one B. anyone C. anything D. nothing17. _an English dictionary.A. The students each have B. The students each has C. Each the student has D. Each of the student has18. There is a No.8 bus and a No.28 bus; _will take you there.A. both B. either C. all D. any19. This skirt is too small for me. Would you show me _one?A. the other B. another C. other D. one another20. Did you find the pen yesterday? No, I didnt find_, but Ive bought_.A. it ; it B. one ; it C. it ; one D. one ; one21. _side of the street is lined with different shops, _of which sell electronic products.A. Both ; both B. either ; all C. neither ; either D. either ; both22. Mr. Wu, headmaster of the school , refused to accept _of the three suggestions made by the Students Union.A. either B. neither C. any D. none23. Do you want tea or coffee? _. I really dont mind.A. Both B. None C. Either D. Neither24. Many people have helped with canned food. However, the food bank needs _for the poor.A. more B. much C. many D. most25. He bought three books, _is in Chinese, _in English , _in Japanese.A. the first ; the other ; the third B. one ; the other ; a thirdC. one ; the other ; another D. one ; another ; the third26. I wanted _string but there was _in the house.A. some ; none B. some ; many C. few ; no D. few ; many27. It was terrible. One visitor was killed, and _was badly hurt.A. the others B. rest C. the other D. the rest28. Have _cup of coffee, will you? -_, thanks.A. some ; No B any ; Yes C. one ; Not any more D. another ; No more29. Most of the medical workers there are men; _are women.A. others B. other ones C. the others D. the rest ones30. I dont know which book is the best, but I will read_.A. much B. either C. all of them D. both of them31. As we were asleep, _of us heard the sound.A. both B. none C. all D. any32. We had a party last month, and it was a lot of fun, so lets have _one this month.A. another B. the other C. more D. other33. Would you mind giving me _on the subject before I write the composition?A. a few more advice B. a little more advice C. a few more advices D. a little more advices34. I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with_.A. anything B. nothing C. everything D. something35. I invited Mary and Ann to my party, but _of them came.A. both B. either C. none D. neither36. Miss Wu gave the textbooks to all the students except _who had already taken them.A. some B. ones C. the others D. the ones37. Lucy has known _about French, has she?A. some B. a lot C. little D. few38. They have produced 20%_grain this year than they did last year.A. much B. a great deal of C. a lot much D. much more39. _used to be thought that the earth was square.A. He B. What C. It D. That40. The ceremony will be repeated _two years.A. both B. either C. every D. each41. _have worked together for 10 years.A. I , you and he B. I , he and you C. He , you and I D. You , he and I42. The culture and customs of America are more like _of English than of any other country.A. those B. that C. what D. these43. Please help _to some chicken.A. themselves B. himself C. yourself D. itself44. He is pleased with what you have given him and _that you told him.A. What B. all which C. a what D. all45. I found _impossible for _to work out the maths problem.A. it ; he B. that ; he C. that ; him D. it ; him46. _who wish to go swimming may sign up here.A. Any person B. Those C. Anyone D. These47. I met a friend of _in the street yesterday.A. my B. my own C. I D. myself48. They _hungry, so they _into a restaurant.A. were both ; went both B. both were ; both went C. were both ; both went D. both were ; went both49. Nice to see you here. -_.A. Me ; too B. the same to you C. Thank you D. I ; too50. Does _matter if he cant finish the job on time?A. this B. that C. he D. it51. Who was in the classroom? _.A. None B. No one C. Nothing D. Nobody52. You may take any of these oranges. If you dont like this one, you may take_.A. the other B. all the others C. another D. one more53. Is this school _you visited last year?A. the one B. one C. that D. where54. He kept the money without _knowing where it was.A. anything B. anyone C. everyone D. someone55. Hello, who is _speaking? _is Tom speaking.A. it ; It B. that ; That C. that ; This D. it ; He56. _ought to be no trouble because he knew the answers.A. It B. There C. He D. That57. Is it going to snow tonight? -Im afraid_.A. it B. that C. so D. this58.What do you want to drink? Its Ok with me. _ will do. A. Something B. Anything C. Nothing D. Everything59._needs further discussion whether we will build a new house or not. A. He B. we C. The thing D. it60.It was simply for that reason _ I wouldnt tell him the truth. A. why B. that C. so D. which61.Between _,he got a lot of money from somewhere. A. you and me B. I and you C. me and you D. you and I62.Why is the baby crying? _ must be hungry now. A. She B. It C. He D. They63. _ is the sun that gives off light and heat, which makes _possible for plants to grow. A. This; them B. That; those C. This; it D. It; it64.They will see _off. A. I, you and me B. you, Tom and me C. Tom, you and me D. you, Tom and I65.(04陕西)Now that you enjoy books of this kind, why not buy _? A. any B. it C. some D. this66.(04两省一市)I dont like this pair of shoes. Will you show me _? A. another B. the others C. some others D. other ones67.(04海淀)-Who is making so much noise in the garden? - _ A. It is the children B. They are the children C. That is the children D. There are the children68.(04南通)I just want an umbrella, so _will do. A. anyone B. one C. any one D. it69. (04南通)-Its my daughter Linda and his daughter Jane did it. -That was why I blamed you as much as _. A. he B. him C. his D. she70.(04长春)Jack is one of those men who I am sure always do _best even in the most difficult situations. A. his B. your C. their D. ones71.(04天津)I prefer a street in a small town to _in such a large city _Shanghai. A. that; as B. one; as C. one; like D. that; like72.(04福州)Use your head. Nothing taught by others can have the same effect on you as _learned by yourself. A. those B. what C. that D. the one73(04东三)When you are reading fast, your eyes will be one or two word groups ahead of_your mind is taking in. A. one B. the others C. some others D. other ones74.(03石家庄)Where can I tie the horse? -Oh, you can tie it to _ of the trees. A. both B. every C. each D. either75.(03西城)-Which one can I take? -You can take _of them; Ill keep none. A. both B. any C. either D. all76.(03崇文)-Do you have anything in mind _youd like for supper? -Well, _is okay with me. A. that; anything B. which; everything C. what; whatever D. where; something77. (03西城)-What kind of food do you like to eat? -_but Japanese. -How about Korean, then? A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing78. (03海淀)-There must be a dozen pens in this house but I can never find one when I need one. -Keep looking. _is sure to turn up. A. One B. It C. That D. This79.(03春招)Where is my blue shirt? -Its in the washing machine. You have to wear _different one. A. any B. the C. a D. other80.(03宜昌)To some life is pleasure, while to _it is suffering. A. ones B. others C. the others D. those81.(四级) Theres _ telling what he will do if hes annoyed.A. none B. nobody C. not D. no82. So, as you see, the fight is _ finished.A. all butB. nothing butC. anything but D. something but83. These young people always give the vacant seats to _ comes first.A. who B. whom C. whoeverD. whomever84. student with a little common sense should be able to answer the question.A. Each B. AnyC. EitherD. One85. It wasnt such a good dinner she had promised us.A. thatB. which C. as D. what86. Is the city much different from _ it was ten years ago?A. that B. which C. what D. so87. Is it _ you are born that decides your nationality?A. there B. anywhereC. whereD. the country88. is known to the world, Mark Twain is a great American writer.A. That B. Which C. As D. It89. Language is