2015年综合类职称英语教材新增文章.doc

2015年综合类职称英语教材新增文章2015年职称英语教材综合类的变动比较小，一共只有6篇新增文章。2015年职称英语教材综合类新增的6篇文章，分布在阅读判断、阅读理解和补全短文：阅读判断综合C新增一篇文章；阅读理解综合C和综合B各新增一篇文章；补全短文综合A、B和C各新增一篇文章。完形填空综合类整体都没有新增文章。2015年职称英语教材新增文章的对比目录如下：综合C阅读判断新增文章第三篇AcrosstheDesertsTheSaharaDesertisthelargestdesertintheworld.ItstretchesacrossAfricafromSenegaltoEgypt.TheSaharaDesertisanunfriendlyenvironment.Duringthedayitsveryhot,andatnightitssometimesverycold.ItisalsodifficulttofindwaterintheSahara.In2006,KevinLin,RayZahab,andCharlieEngledecidedtodosomethingverydifficult.TheymadethedecisiontorunacrosstheSaharaDesert4,300miles(6,920km).Itseemedimpossibletodo,buttheywantedtotry.Thethreemenlikedtotestthemselves,andthiswouldbeaverybigtest.OnthemorningofNovember2,Kevin,Ray,andCharliestartedtheirtripacrosstheSahara.Everymorningtheybeganrunningat5:00.At11a.m.theystoppedandresteduntil5p.m.Thentheyranagainuntil9:30intheevening.Eachdaytheyranabout40miles(64km).Everydayitwasthesamething.Theygotupandran.TheylistenedtomusicontheiriPods,andtheyranandran.Kevin,Ray,andCharlieneededtoeatalotoffoodduringtheirtrip.Mostpeopleneedabout2,000caloriesoffoodeachday.Kevin,Ray,andCharlieneededbetween6,000and9,000calorieseveryday.Thatsalotoffood!Theyalsoneededtodrinkalotofwater.Thethreemenhadsomeproblemsontheirtrip,andmanytimestheywantedtoquitandgohome.Itwasoftenveryhot(140F/60C)duringtheday,andtheheatmadethemsick.Theirlegsandfeethurt.Sometimesitwasverywindy,andtheycouldntsee.Onetimetheygotlost.Buttheydidntquit.After111days,Kevin,Ray;andCharliesuccessfullyfinished heirtripacrosstheSaharaDesert.TheyhuggedeachotherandputtheirhandsinthewateroftheRedSea.Thentheyrantoahoteltotakealongshower.词汇stretchv.延伸，伸展calorien.卡（路里)，小卡，大卡quitv.停止，放注释1.madethedecisiontorunacross.：.决正跑步横跨.练习1.ItsnotalwayshotmtheSaharaDesert.A.RightB.WrongC.mentioned2.Eachdaythemenranforapproximatelyeighthours.A.RightB.WrongC.mentioned3.Inthemiddleoftheday:themenusuallystoppedrunning.A.RightB.WrongC.mentioned4.Theysometimesfeltsickbecauseitwassohot.A.RightB.WrongC.mentioned5.Sometimestheycouldntseetheroadbecauseitwaswindy.A.RightB.WrongC.mentioned6.Luckily,theynevergotlost.A.RightB.WrongC.mentioned7.Ontheirtripacrossthedesert:thethreemenranthroughfivecountries.A.RightB.WrongC.mentioned答案与题解1.A文中提到撒哈拉沙漠白天很热晚上有时很冷，所以不是总是很热。题干表述正确。2.B文中提到三人每天从早上5点开始跑一直到上午11点，又从下午5点开始跑到晚上9点半，所以总共跑10.5个小时。题干表述不正确。3.A文中讲到三人上午11点停下来休息一直到下午5点再继续跑，所以在一天的中午，他们停止跑步。题干表述正确。4.A原文中讲到高温使他们生病。所以题干表述正确。5.A文中提到有时刮起大风导致他们什么也看不到，所以他们会因为起风而看不到路。题干表述正确。6.B文中最后一段讲到他们有一次迷路了，所以不是从来没有迷路。题干表述不正确。7.C文中只提到他们跨越沙漠的长度，并没有提到穿过几个国家。所以，题干表述文中没有提到。综合C补全短文新增文章第三篇TheValueofTearsTearscanruinmake-up,bringconversationtoastop,andgiveyouarunnynose.Theycanleaveyouembarrassedandwithoutenergy.However,cryingisafactoflifeandtearsareveryuseful._(1)Thesecreateafilmovertheeyessurface.Thisfilmcontainsasubstancethatprotectsyoureyesagainstinfection.Tearsrelievestress,butwetendtofightthemforallsortsofreasons.Peopleworryaboutshowingtheiremotions.Theyreafraidthatoncetheylosecontrol,theyllnevergetitback,”explainspsychologistDorothyRowe._(2)Asadultswestillfeartheconsequencesofshowingemotions.Almostanyemotiongoodorbad,happyorsadcancausetears.Cryingisawaythatwereleasebuilt-upemotions.Tearshelpyouwhenyoufeelyouarereadytoexplodebecauseofverystrongfeelings._(3)Whensomepeoplebecomeverystressed,however,theycantcry.Theymaybefeelingshock,anger,fear,orgrief,buttheyrepresstheemotion.“Everyonehastheneedtocry,”sayspsychotherapistVeraDiamond.Sometimesintherapysessions,patientsparticipateincryingexercise_(4)Diamondsaysitsbesttocryinsafe,privateplaces,likeunderthebedcoversorinthecar.Thatsbecausemanypeoplegetuncomfortablewhenotherscryinfrontofthem.Infact,theymayberepressingtheirownneedtocry.Incertainsituations,suchasatwork,tearsarenotappropriate._(5)“Butonceyouaresafelybehindcloseddoors,dontjustcry,”Diamondsays,shesuggeststhatyouactoutthewholesituationagainandbeasnoisyandangryasyoulike.Itwillhelpyoufeelbetter.“And,”sheadds,“onceyourtearshavereleasedthestress,youcanbegintothinkoflogicalwaytodealwiththeproblem.”Tearsareasignofourabilitytofeel.Youshouldneverbeafraidtocry.词汇make-upn.化妆（品）psychotherapistn.心理治疗师runnynose流鼻涕infectionn.感染，传染releasev.释放builtup组合的，拼合的注释1.createafilmovertheeyessurface：在眼睛的表面形成一层薄膜。2.getitback：恢复3.actoutthewholesituationagain：整个场景重现练习AItmayexplainwhypeoplewhoareafraidtocryoftensuffermoreheartattacksthanpeoplecrymorefreely.BItsgoodtoholdbacktearsduringatensebusinessdiscussion.CCryinghasgoodeffectsonthebody.DEvenwhenyourenotcrying,youreyesproducetears.ETheypracticecryingsothattheycangetusedtoexpressingemotion.FAschildrenweweresometimespunishedforsheddingtearsorexpressinganger.答案与题解1.D此空的上一句讲到眼泪很有用，后一句讲到眼泪的具体用处，并且句首是these，所以所填的这句应该有眼泪，根据上下文只有选项D最适合。选项C与前一句话意思重复。2.F下文提到作为成人，我们仍然害怕流泪，所填的这句应该讲我们还是孩子时对流泪的恐惧。所以，答案是选项F。3.A上文讲到哭能够帮助我们发泄心中的强烈情感，所以经常哭的人会比不常哭的人获得某种益处，根据上下文，只有选项A比较贴切。4.E上文提到患者要练习哭，这里应该讲练习哭的原因。所以，答案是选项E。5.B上一句提到在某些场合哭是不合适的，所以此处也应该具体解释不适合哭的场景，答案是选项B。综合C阅读理解新增文章第六篇NativeAmericanPotteryThereareseveralAmericanIndiangroupsintheSouthwestthatstillmakebeautifulpottery.Someofthispotterymaybesoldatfairlyhighprices.Butthemakersconsidertheirworkasmorethanacommercialenterprise.Byusingmethodshandeddownforgenerations,thepottersexpresstheirprideintheirculturalinheritance.SomeofthemostinterestingpotteryismadebythePuebloIndians.Thereare21individualpueblosinArizonaandNewMexico.Severalarefamousfortheircraftsmanship.Tomakeapot,thesepottersuseaclaybaseandaddlongthincoilsofclaytoitinaspiralpattern.Whentheyhavereachedthesizetheywant,theyuseanimplementsuchasarockorshelltosmooththesurfacesofthepot.Howapotisdecoratedandfireddependsonthetraditionsofthegroupmakingit.TraditionalpotteryproducedbytheAcoma,whohavelivedforcenturiesonahighmesainNewMexico,isfirstpaintedwithaclayslip.Theresultingpots:whichareprizedfortheirdelicacyandstrength,maybeleftwhite.Theymayalsobepaintedwithblackandwhitepatternsorwithacombinationofblack,orange,andbrown.VerydistinctiveblackpotterycomesfromtheSanIldefonsoandSantaClarapueblos.Theblackcoloristheresultofcarbonbeingreleasedfromtheanimalmanureinwhichthepotisfired.Someartisanshandrubthiswaretoashinygloss.Otherscutpatternsintoit:resultinginapartshiny:partfiatsurface.PottersatSailIldefonsomakemanytypesofwares.PottersatSantaClaraareespeciallyknownforweddingjars-jarswithtwonecksconnected byahandle.OthergroupssuchastheHopiandtheCochitialsomakepottery.Eachgroupusesdistinctivemethodsandproducesdistinctiveformsanddesigns.词汇potteryn.陶器distinctiveadj.特别的，有特色的enterprisen.事业，产业，实业inheritancen.遗产manuren.肥料，粪肥craftsmanshipn.手艺artisann.精美，精致注释1.handeddownforgenerations世代相传2.hand-rubthiswaretoashinygloss亲手揉搓罐子表面，使它光泽平滑练习1.Inthefirstparagraphtheword“commercial”means_.A.havingtodowithadvertisingproductsonTVB.havingtodowithadvertisingproductsonTVC.large-scaleD.artistic2.Thesecondparagraphinthepassageisdevelopedmainlythrough_.A.stepsinaprocessB.descriptionofobjectsC.thetellingofastoryD.examples3.TheSailIldefonsopuebloisknownfor_.A.blackpotteryB.weddingjarsC.thinanddelicateshapesD.black,brown,andorangepots4.Traditionalmethodsofmakingpottery_.A.arerarelyusedanymoreB.takealotoftimeC.arenotofinteresttopotterycollectorsD.willsoonbecompletereplaced5.Anothergoodtitleforthispassagewouldbe_.A.HowtoMakeaPotB.LivingonaHighMesaC.TheIndiansofArizonaandNewMexicoD.AnOldArtStillPracticed综合B补全短文新增文章第九篇Style,NotFashionStylegoeswaybeyondfashion:Itisthedistinctivewayweputourselvestogether.Itisauniqueblendofspiritandsubstance-personalidentityimposedoilandcreatedthroughtheworldofthings._(1)Itiswhatpeoplereallywantwhentheyaspiretobefashionable.(iftheyarentjustadorningthemselvesinstatussymbols).Throughclothes,wereinventourselveseverytimewegetdressed.Ourwardrobeisourvisualvocabulary.Styleisourdistinctivepatternofspeech,ourindividualpoetry.Fashionistheleastofit.Styleis,forstarters,onepartidentity:self-awarenessandself-knowledge._(2)Andstylerequiressecurity-feelingathomeinyourbody,physicallyandmentally.Ofcourse,likeallknowledge,self-knowledgemustbeupdatedasyougrowevolve;styletakesongoingself-assessment.Styleisalsoonepartpersonality:spirit:verve,attitude,wit,inventiveness.Itdemandsthedesireandconfidencetoexpresswhatevermoodonewishes.Suchvariabilityisnotonlynecessarybutareflectionofapersonsuniquecomplexityasahumanbeing._(3)Inordertowork,stylemustreflecttherealself,thecharacterandpersonalityoftheindividual;anythinglessappearstobeacostume?Lastly,styleisonepartfashion.Itspossibletohavelotsofclothesandnotanounceofstyle.Butitsalsopossibletohaveveryfewclothesandlotsofstyle.Yes,fashionisthemeansthroughwhichweexpressstyle,butittakesfewerclothestobestylishthanyoumightimagine.Whateverelseitis,styleisoptimismmadevisible.Stylepresumesthatyouareapersonofinterest:thattheworldisaplaceofinterestthatlifeisworthmakingtheeffortfor.Italsoshowsthatyouaremorallyresponsible.Itshowsthatyoudontbuythingsatthewhimofthemarketplaceortheurgingofmarketers._(4)Styleexposespeoplesambivalenceovergoodlooks.Italwaysdemonstratesthatappearancesdocount.Deepdownwesuspectthis,sinceweourselvesmakejudgmentsaboutothersfromhowtheylook.Nooneshouldbepenalizedfornothavingstyle,ofcourse,butthosewhohaveitaredistinctiveandthusmorememorable._(5)Theyannouncetotheworldthattheyareincommandofthemselves.词汇adornv.装饰，使更美观wardroben.(个人的）全部服装suspectv.怀疑，猜想witn.风趣，说话风趣的人blendv.混在一起，混合ambivalencen.矛盾心理，矛盾心态注释1.aspiretobefashionable:渴望赶上时尚潮流2.anounceofstyle:一丁点的风格3.atthewhimof:心血来潮（突发奇想）练习AItisawayofcapturingsomethingvibrant,makingastatementaboutourselvesinclothes.BFashionispartofstyle.CRather,youfocusonwhatispersonallysuitableandexpressive.DYoucanthavestyleuntilyouhaveasenseofwhoyouare.ETheycreateauniqueidentityforthemselvesandexpressitthroughgroomingandafewwell-chosenclothes.FPeoplewanttobethemselvesandtobeseenasthemselves.答案与题解A第一段都在解释什么是风格，六个选项中A、B、D三项都涉及风格，根据文章内容和句式的排比可以看出答案是选项A。D本段的主旨句是第二句话，本句是对主旨句的阐释，讲风格与自我认知的关系。只有选项D符合。F本段的主旨句是第一句话，全段在解释风格与个性的关系。所以，只有选项F符合。C前一句在讲有风格的人不是心血来潮，可以推测此处应该讲有风格的人应该是如何的。只有选项C的句意与其对照，且符合整个段意。所以，正确答案是选项C。E前一句讲有风格的人是独特的，因此也更容易被人记住，选项E在解释他们是通过什么方式做到这一点的。所以，选项E符合本段段意。综合B阅读理解新增文章第二十四篇TheRomanceofArthurMostcultureshavesomesortofherowhorepresentsthebestvaluesofwhatitspeoplebelievein.TheunusualthingaboutKingArthuristhatlegendsofhisheroismhavepersistedforseveralcenturiesandspreadfarbeyondEngland,theplacewheretheybegan.TheearlieststoriesofKingArthurrepresenthimasawarriorwhofoughtandsubduedtheinvadingNorsemenintheyearsaroundA.D.700.ThismuchoftheArthuriantaleisprobablybasedonfact.WhethercalledArthurornot,thereisabodyofevidencesupportingtheexistenceofsuchawarrior.Itisthelaterembellishmentsofthetalewhoseauthenticityisquestionable.Accordingtothese,ArthurwasborninacastleinTintagelonthestormywesterncoastofEnglandandbecausehewastheillegitimatesonofKingUtherPendragon,hewasspiritedawaybythemagicianMerlinandhistrueidentitykeptfromhim.HebecamekingafterfreeingtheswordExcaliburfromthestoneintowhichitwasthrust.HemarriedthebeautifulGuinevereandassembledinhiscourtallthenoblestknightsoftheland,includingLancelot,withwhomGuineverewouldlaterbeunfaithfultohim.HewasfinallydefeatedinbattlebyhisillegitimatesonMordred,andhisbodywasspiritedawaytotheisleofAValon.ThisromantictalegreatlyappealedtotheEnglishandtheFrenchintheMiddleAges,whenthecodeofchivalry-idealqualitiesofknighthood-constitutedanimportantpartofmanystories.TalesoftheheroismofGalahad,Percival,Gawain,andmanyotherofArthursknightswerecirculatedaswell.InEnglandtoday,therearemanysitesclaimingapieceoftheArthuriananlegend.ThereisaminedcastleatTintagel.NearGlastonburyaretheremainsofanancientabbeywhereArthursandGuineveresbodiesweresupposedlyexhumedinthe12thcentury.Neitheroftheseprovesthatthelegendistrue,buttheydokeepitsmystiquealive.词汇：Arthurn.亚瑟（中世纪传奇故事中的不列颠国王，圆桌骑士团的首领）authenticityn.可靠性，真实性spiritv.偷偷地带走；拐走；绑架warriorn.战士，勇士chivalryn.骑士subduev.制服，慑服embellishmentn.美化，修饰mystiquen.神秘气氛注释1.ThismuchoftheArthuriantale：许多这类亚瑟王的故事2.wasspiritedawayby被偷偷地带走练习1.KingArthursfamerwas_A.LancelotB.AvalonC.MordredD.UtherPendragon2.ThewriterseemstofeelthatthetruthaboutArthuristhathe_.A.existedB.wasmarriedtoGuinevereC.hadmanyknightsD.wasbornatTintagael3.Theinformationinthesecondparagraphismostlypresentedin_.A.spatialorderB.orderfromlatesttoearliestC.orderfromearliesttolatestD.orderfromleastpersuasive4.Inthelastparagraphtheword“exhumed”means_A.dugupfromthegraveB.buriedC.quarreledoverD.builtachurcharound5.Anothergoodtitleforthispassagewouldbe_A.KingsintheSeventhCenturyB.TheKnightsoftheRoundTableC.RealorLegend?D.ArthursMarriagetoGuinevere.综合A补全短文新增文章第十二篇MenSmellofCheeseandWomenofOnionsLittlegirlsmaybemadeofsugarandallthingsnice,buttheirarmpits1smellofonions._(1)ThatstheconclusionofresearchinSwitzerlandthatinvolvedtakingarmpitsweatsamplesfrom24menand25womenafterhehadspenttimeinasaunaorriddenanexercisebikefor15minute._(2)“Mensmellofcheese,andwomenofgrapefruitoronion,”saysChristianStarkenmannofFirmenich,acompanyinGenevathatresearchesflavoursandperfumesforfoodandcosmeticscompanies.Theteamfoundthatthewomensarmpitsweatconstrainedrelativelyhighlevelsofanodourlesssulphur-containningcompound5milligramspermilliliterofsweatversus0.5milligramsinmen.Whentheresearchersmixedthiscompoundinthelabwithbacteriacommonlyfoundinthearmpit,thebugsturneditintoathiol-apreviouslydiscoveredodourfromarmpitsthatisakintoonion2.“Themoresulphurprecursorweadded,themoreintensewasthemalodour,”saysStarkenmann,whoseteamsresultsappearinChemicalSenses._(3)Themen,meanw