英语基础写作整合信息的十种手段.doc

英语基础写作整合信息的十种手段写作，特别是基础写作，其目的是考查考生整合信息，并用适当词语、 句型和语言手段产生出连贯语篇的能力。现介绍十种常用的整合信息的语言手段。一、主题的呈现手段二、观点的呈现手段三、比例的表达手段四、排位的表达手段 五、建议的表达手段六、提示的表达手段七、目的的表达手段八、原因的表达手段九、“与有关”的表达手段十、“努力，尽力”的表达手段主题的呈现手段要用到的词语有很多，简单的有about, on, as to等，复杂的有concerning, regarding, with respect to等。例1上周，我们以“谁是你的偶像”为题，在2600名学生中进行了一次调查（survey）。(2007广东)Last week, we did a survey among 2,600 students on/ about/ concerning/regarding “who is your idol”.观点的呈现手段可用短语如according to sb(根据某人的看法), in ones view(在某人看来), as for sb(在某人看来)等，句型有sb believes/ thinks/ claims，sb told us that，sb pointed out that(某人指出)等。例2 你的偶像及理由。(2007广东)As for myself, Thomas Edison is my idol because his inventions have greatly changed our life.例3基本信息：(1)发生率：略高于50 (2)人数：世界第一 (2009广东)According to Professor Wang, slightly more than half of the school children in our country are short-sighted, ranking the first in the world. (根据王教授的看法)例4专家解读：(1)原因：很复杂 (2)治疗：没有哪一种药物能治愈近视 (2009广东)He also pointed out that the causes for short-sightedness are so complicated that no medicine can cure short-sightedness. (他还指出)比例的表达手段1. 主要涉及到百分比的表达，“百分之几”可用以下方式表达(以百分之七十)：(1) 70% of the (2) seventy percent of the (3) 70 percent of the (注意：考生最易漏用of)2. 还有一些其它比例的表达手段。如：(1)一半： half of the (2)四分之一(25%)：a quarter of (3)四分之三(75%)：three quarters of 分数表达法：分子是基数词，分母是序数词。如1/4: one fourth 2/3: two thirds 7/8: seven eighths 五个当中有三个：three out of five, three in five 例5男女生在以明星为偶像方面的差异： (2007广东)The survey shows that half of the girls choose film and TV stars as idols, while 48% of the boys favour sports stars .例6相关数据：(1)吸烟人数：约3.5亿 (2)分布：男性75, 女性：25Currently China has about 350 million smokers, among whom 75 percent are men and 25 percent are women.排位的表达手段 表“排位”要用到的词语有：rank +（the+）序数词，be +the+序数词，be+ in the +序数词+place等；也可以用“is the +形容词最高级+范围”来表达。例7 “父母”在男女生偶像中的排序差异。(2007年)As the data shows, “parents” ranks the second for the girls, but the last for the boys.例8 基本信息：(1)发生率：略高于50 (2)人数：世界第一 (09年)According to Professor Wang, a little more than 50 % of the school children in our country are short-sighted, ranking the first in the world.建议的表达手段短语：advise sb to do(劝某人做某事)从句：(1)Sb suggests that (2)Sb gives sb a suggestion that (3)It is suggested that(4)It is highly advisable that (5) give sb some advice on 例9 专家解读：(3)建议：不要过度用眼；多参加户外活动 (2009广东)He suggested that school children avoid overuse of their eyes and do more outdoor activities. 或He gave us a suggestion that school children should avoid overusing their eyes and take more outdoor activities. 或School children are advised not to overuse their eyes but to take more outdoor activities.提示的表达手段表示提示或提醒的表达有： Sb reminded us that(某人提醒我们)Sb reminds us (not) to do sth (某人提醒我们做/不要做某事)例10专家解读：(4)特别提示：如何握笔也和近视有关 (2009广东)He particularly reminded us that how to hold a pen is also related to short-sightedness. 目的的表达手段表目的的表达手段很多，用作不同的成分有不同的表达。1.用谓语表达：aim/intend to do sth (目的是，旨在)2.用状语表达：(1)so as to /in order to /in an effort to do (为了做某事)(2)with the purpose of doing sth (带着的目的，为了) (3)in hopes/the hope of (怀着的希望)(4)with dreams of doing (带着的梦想) (5)with the goal of doing sth (目的是)3.用不定式作表语表达：(1)The purpose of doing sth is to do (做某事的目的是)(2)Our goal is to do(我们的目标/的是)(3)The aim is to do (目的是)4.用从句表达：(1)so that (以便)(2)in order that(为了)(3)in the hope that (怀着的希望)例11目标：所有室内公共场所无烟实施时间：2011年1月1日起 (2010广东)This decision, which aims to make all indoor public places smoke-free, will come into effect from the first day of 2011.或This decision, aiming to make all indoor public places smoke-free, will be carried out from January 1, 2011.原因的表达手段介词短语：due to, owing to, thanks to, for the reason that+从句从句：because, as, since, sothat句式：The reason for/whyis that(的原因是)例12你的偶像及理由。(2007广东)As for myself, Thomas Edison is my idol because his inventions have greatly changed our life. 例13专家解读：(1)原因：很复杂 (2)治疗：没有哪一种药物能治愈近视 (2009广东)He also pointed out that the causes for short-sightedness are so complicated that no medicine can cure short-sightedness.或Due to the complication of shortsightedness, no medicine can cure it, Professor Wang told us.“与有关”的表达手段这种表达方式也有很多。如：1.be connected with 2.be related to 3.be relative to 4.be relevant to 5.have something to do with 6.be in/with relation to 7.be associated with 8.be linked to 9.be bound up with例14专家解读：(4)特别提示：如何握笔也和近视有关He particularly reminded us that how to hold a pen is also related to short-sightedness. (is related to 可用上面所有的表达方式代替)努力，尽力”的表达手段表达努力做某事可以用：1.try ones best to do 2.do ones best to do 3.make every effort to do 4.spare no effort to do 5.do what one can (do)to do 6.do all one can (do) to do 7.make an attempt to do sth此外，“同位语手段”是信息整合的重要语言手段，因在“优化句子的四种常用方法”中已谈到，此处就不再重复了。灵活运用请用以上语言手段表达以下要点。1. 带上手机和充电器方便与父母联系。(目的的表达)1. In order to conveniently communicate with our parents, wed better take a mobile phone and a charging device.2. 亚运会时间：2010年11月12日至27日 主题：激情盛会，和谐亚洲 (主题呈现)2. The Asian Games, with the theme of “Thrilling games, Harmonious Asia”, lasted from November 12 to 27, 2010. 3. 活动意义：增进友爱，鼓励节约。受到师生赞扬和支持。 (目的的表达) 3. The idea, which is intended to promote friendship and encouraging economy, is highly praised and supported by the teachers and students alike.4. 说明比赛的意义，如提高英语听说能力，养成读书的习惯等。(目的的表达) 4. The purpose of this English competition is to improve the ability of listening and speaking and form a good habit of reading books. 5. 南极洲（Antarctica）: 地球的最南端（extreme south），世界上最冷的地方。 (同位语) 5. Antarctica, the coldest continent in the world, lies in the extreme south of the earth. 6. 将自己的问题告诉老师和同学，请求得到他们的帮助。(建议的表达) 6. I suggest you communicate your trouble to your teachers and classmates so as to get help from them.7. 中秋节简介: 时间：每年阴历八月十五日，是中国最重要的传统节日之一。(同位语)7. The Mid-autumn Festival, one of the most important traditional festivals in China, falls on August 15th of the lunar calendar every year8. 孤寡老人乞讨的原因：年老、贫穷、残疾、或不能自食其力。(原因的表达)8. Some elderly can hardly make a living and go begging due to old age, poverty, disability or physical inability. 9. 男女生在选择教师为职业方面的排序差异: 男：50% 女：55% (比例的表达) 9. The survey shows that half of the girls choose “teacher” as their jobs, while 55% of the boys select “businessman”. 10. 2010年9月18日下午3点你校在学校礼堂举行了成人宣誓仪式(the grown-up ceremony)。主?题：成长、责任 参加人员：高二师生，全体学生家长 (主题呈现)10. At 3:00 pm on September 18, 2010, the teachers and students in Senior Three as well as our parents attended the grown-up ceremony held in the school hall, whose theme is “Growth and Responsibility”. 11. 听说合考的坏处: 1) 不利于城乡学生的公平竞争；2) 增加贫困学生的经济负担。(原因的表达)11. However, others think the listening & speaking test will have some negative effects, saying that it is not a fair competition because urban students usually do better in English listening and speaking than rural students owing to their better learning conditions.12.中国在广州亚运会获得了199枚金牌，在亚洲参赛国中名列第一。(排位的表达) 12. Guangzhou hosted the 16th Asian Games successfully this year and we took the first place in winning gold medals. 13.上海世博会参观人数达7千2百万，为历届之最。(排位的表达) 13. The number of people visiting Shanghai Expo that started six months ago has set a new world record as more than 72.6 million visitors visited the expo venues, which ranked first among all the expos. 14. 假设你是学校英语报的小记者，上周以“你支持低碳生活吗？”为主题对学校300名学生进行了一次调查。(主题呈现)14. Last week a survey concerning low-carbon life was carried out among 300 students in our school15. 醉酒驾驶的原因: 缺乏安全意识，认为喝点酒没事。但一旦发生交通事故则后悔莫及。(原因的表达)15. The lack of safety awareness is the direct reason why there exists so much drunk driving, because some people believe that drinking a little doesnt affect their driving. 16. 人们选择不去电影院的原因:随着网络电影的普及，很多人选择不去电影院看电影了。(原因的表达) 1) With the popularity of the network, few people would like to go to the cinema.(2) As the network is becoming more and more popular, people would rather see films on line than go to the cinema.(3) With the network becoming more and more popular, people prefer seeing films to going to the cinema.17. 专家建议: 家长和学生在选购文具时，应多从安全健康考虑，尽量避免使用有浓烈香味和刺激性气味(strong and offensive smells)的文具。(建议的表达)17. Some experts put forward the suggestion that taking health and safety into more consideration, school children should try to avoid using stationary with strong and offensive smells.18. 你的看法: 在老师和家长的指导下(under the guidance of sb)购买和使用文具。(观点呈现)18. It is my belief that we should buy and use stationary under the guidance of the teachers and parents. 19. 个人简介：王平、女、18、 高三（3）班 特点：（1）积极参加读书月各项活动，酷爱阅读英文报刊杂志和原著；（2）习惯良好，方法得当，写了三本读书笔记。 (同位语)19. Wang Ping, an 18-year-old girl from Class 3, Senior 3, loves reading books, such as English magazines, newspapers and even original English novels and has made 3 copies of notes, which shows her proper reading methods and good habit.20. 基本信息：中学生吸烟人数占七分之二，有些甚至偷钱买烟抽。(观点呈现和比例表达) 20. According to Professor Zhang, two-sevenths of the middle school students are smokers, some of whom even steal money to buy cigarettes.21. 特别提醒：是药三分毒，要慎用药物。(提示的表达和比例的表达) 21. A famous doctor reminds us that there is one-third of drug poisoning and that we should use medicine carefully.名称地球一小时（Earth Hour）时间每年3月最后一个星期六，当地时间晚上8.309.30形式熄灯1小时目的提高环保意识，应对气候变化(同位语呈现和目的的表达) 22. Earth Hour, an annual international event held on the last Saturday of March, asks people to turn off their lights from 8:30 to 9:30 pm of the local time. Its purpose is to raise peoples awareness of the environmental protection and the climate change.23. 主持人：大山，加拿大人，有丰富的汉语学习经验。(同位语)23. The program is (being) hosted by Da Shan, a Canadian, who has rich experience in learning Chinese and is very popular in our country.24. 节目特点：(1)易懂，易学，生动有趣；(2)了解、传播中国文化。(观点的