HSRP.doc

1.1 实验任务按照拓扑图配置HSRP组，配置路由器的活跃接口，HSRP虚拟路由器的IP、优先级、占先权和端口跟踪。1.2 实验环境和网络拓扑1.3 完成标准(1) 按照拓扑图要求连接路由器、交换机和PC，在交换机上配置HSRP组，PC之间完成连通性测试。(2) 关闭路由器任意一个接口或拔线，PC之间仍然能够连通。2详细操作步骤Step 1: 配置路由器的HSRP (1) 配置路由器R1和R2的HSRP组和各自的优先级、占先权及端口跟踪路由器R1配置如下：RouterenRouter#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Router(config)#ho R1R1(config)#interface f0/0/配置接口IPR1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0R1(config-if)#no shut*Dec 12 20:16:19.683: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up*Dec 12 20:16:20.683: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to upR1(config-if)#duplex fullR1(config-if)#standby 10 ip 192.168.10.10/配置group为10的HSRP地址R1(config-if)#standby 10 priority 200/配置group为10的优先权200R1(config-if)#standby 10 preempt/配置group为10的占先权R1(config-if)#standby 10 track f1/1 100/配置group为10的端口跟踪f1/1R1(config-if)#*Dec 12 20:17:27.427: %HSRP-6-STATECHANGE: FastEthernet0/0 Grp 10 state Standby- Active/F0/0 group 10声明备份状态-活跃R1(config-if)#interface f1/1/配置接口IPR1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.20.2 255.255.255.0R1(config-if)#no shut*Dec 12 20:18:00.423: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet1/1, changed state to up*Dec 12 20:18:01.423: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/1, changed state to upR1(config-if)#standby 20 ip 192.168.20.20/配置group为20的HSRP地址R1(config-if)#standby 20 priority 150/配置group为20的优先权150R1(config-if)#standby 20 preempt/配置group为20的占先权/依据拓扑要求，此路由器只作为group20的备份路由器，此HSRP组有且仅有1台备份路由器，可以不用配置占先权，但实际网络中当活跃路由器停止工作后为防止备份路由器不能立即响应转换为活跃路由器，配置占先权将是转换过程更有保障！*Dec 12 20:18:48.139: %HSRP-6-STATECHANGE: FastEthernet1/1 Grp 20 state Standby- Active/F1/1 group 20声明备份状态-活跃R1(config-if)#exitR1(config)#*Dec 12 20:20:27.231: %HSRP-6-STATECHANGE: FastEthernet1/1 Grp 20 state Active - Speak/F1/1 group 20声明备份状态-发言路由器R2配置如下：RouterenRouter#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Router(config)#ho R2R2(config)#interface f1/1/配置接口IPR2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0R2(config-if)#no shut*Dec 12 20:19:43.059: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet1/1, changed state to up*Dec 12 20:19:44.059: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/1, changed state to upR2(config-if)#standby 20 ip 192.168.20.20/配置group为20的HSRP地址R2(config-if)#standby 20 priority 200/配置group为20的优先权200R2(config-if)#standby 20 preempt/配置group为20的占先权R2(config-if)#standby 20 track f0/0 150/配置group为20的端口跟踪f1/1*Dec 12 20:20:27.047: %HSRP-6-STATECHANGE: FastEthernet1/1 Grp 20 state Standby- Active/F1/1 group 20声明备份状态-活跃*Dec 12 20:20:39.143: %HSRP-6-STATECHANGE: FastEthernet1/1 Grp 20 state Active - Speak/F1/1 group 20声明备份状态-发言R2(config-if)#interface f0/0/配置接口IPR2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0R2(config-if)#no shutR2(config-if)#*Dec 12 20:21:06.251: %HSRP-6-STATECHANGE: FastEthernet1/1 Grp 20 state Standby- Active/F1/1 group 10声明备份状态-活跃R2(config-if)#*Dec 12 20:21:06.783: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up*Dec 12 20:21:07.783: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to upR2(config-if)#standby 10 ip 192.168.10.10/配置group为10的HSRP地址R2(config-if)#standby 10 priority 150/配置group为10的优先权150R2(config-if)#standby 10 preempt/配置group为10的占先权*Dec 12 20:21:48.511: %CDP-4-DUPLEX_MISMATCH: duplex mismatch discovered on FastEthernet0/0 (not full duplex), with SW1 FastEthernet0/2 (full duplex).100R2(config-if)#duplex full*Dec 12 20:22:18.327: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/1, changed state to down/F1/1接口状态断开*Dec 12 20:22:18.327: %HSRP-6-STATECHANGE: FastEthernet1/1 Grp 20 state Active - Init/F1/1 group 20声明备份状态-初始*Dec 12 20:22:20.335: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet1/1, changed state to up/F1/1 接口状态连接*Dec 12 20:22:21.335: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/1, changed state to up*Dec 12 20:22:41.275: %HSRP-6-STATECHANGE: FastEthernet1/1 Grp 20 state Standby- Active/F1/1 group 20声明备份状态-活跃R2(config-if)#exit(3) 配置PC机的IP地址和网关/因使用Dynamips GUI模拟器无法虚拟PC，即用一个7200路由器模拟PCPC1配置如下：RouterenRouter#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Router(config)#ho PC1PC1(config)#interface f0/0/配置接口IPPC1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.11 255.255.255.0PC1(config-if)#no shutPC1(config-if)#duplex full*Dec 12 20:22:57.363: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up*Dec 12 20:22:58.363: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to upPC1(config-if)#exitPC1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.10.10/配置到虚拟路由器的默认路由PC2配置如下：RouterenRouter#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Router(config)#ho PC2PC2(config)#interface f0/0/配置接口IPPC2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.20.22 255.255.255.0PC2(config-if)#no shutPC2(config-if)#duplex full*Dec 12 20:23:24.759: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up*Dec 12 20:23:25.759: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to upPC2(config-if)#exitPC2(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.20.20/配置到虚拟路由器的默认路由(4) 验证HSRP配置和网络连通性路由器R1配置如下：R1(config)#do show standby brief/显示备份摘要信息 P indicates configured to preempt./P说明被设置为占先权 |Interface Grp Prio P State Active Standby Virtual IPFa0/0 10 200 P Active local 192.168.10.2 192.168.10.10Fa1/1 20 150 P Standby 192.168.20.1 local 192.168.20.20R1(config)#do show standby/显示备份信息FastEthernet0/0 - Group 10/接口F0/0-Group 10 State is Active/状态为活跃 2 state changes, last state change 00:08:03/2次状态变化，最后张太变化8分33秒 Virtual IP address is 192.168.10.10/虚拟IP地址192.168.10.10 Active virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0a/活跃虚拟MAC地址0000.0c07.ac0a Local virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0a (default)/本地虚拟MAC地址0000.0c07.ac0a (默认) Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec/握手间隔3秒，保持时间10秒 Next hello sent in 2.792 secs/下次握手将在2.792秒后发送 Preemption enabled/占先权开启 Active router is local/活跃路由器是本地路由器 Standby router is 192.168.10.2, priority 150 (expires in 9.672 sec) /备份路由器是192.168.10.2，优先权150（9.672秒后过期） Priority 200 (configured 200)/优先权200（配置为200）Track interface FastEthernet1/1 state Up decrement 100/跟踪端口F1/1 状态开启 优先权减少两100 IP redundancy name is hsrp-Fa0/0-10 (default)/IP冗余名字”hsrp-Fa0/0-10”(默认)FastEthernet1/1 - Group 20 State is Standby 9 state changes, last state change 00:02:32 Virtual IP address is 192.168.20.20 Active virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac14 Local virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac14 (default) Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec Next hello sent in 0.796 secs Preemption enabled Active router is 192.168.20.1, priority 200 (expires in 8.224 sec) Standby router is local Priority 150 (configured 150) Track interface FastEthernet0/0 state Up decrement 10 IP redundancy name is hsrp-Fa1/1-20 (default)路由器R2配置如下：R2(config)#do show standby brief P indicates configured to preempt. |Interface Grp Prio P State Active Standby Virtual IPFa0/0 10 150 P Standby 192.168.10.1 local 192.168.10.10Fa1/1 20 200 P Active local 192.168.20.2 192.168.20.20PC1连通性如下：PC1(config)#do ping 192.168.20.22/ping PC2Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.20.22, timeout is 2 seconds:.!/初次连接会丢包部分Success rate is 20 percent (1/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 220/220/220 msPC1(config)#do ping 192.168.20.22Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.20.22, timeout is 2 seconds:!/再次连接完全正常Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 184/282/336 msPC2连通性如下：PC2(config)#do ping 192.168.10.11/ping PC1Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.10.11, timeout is 2 seconds:!/连通性正常Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 140/233/468 msStep 2: 断开任意一个路由器接口的网络连通性路由器R2配置如下：R2(config)#interface f1/1R2(config-if)#shutdown/关闭接口F1/1*Dec 12 20:26:49.067: %HSRP-6-STATECHANGE: FastEthernet1/1 Grp 20 state Active - Init/F1/1 Group 20 状态 活跃-初始*Dec 12 20:26:51.067: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet1/1, changed stateto administratively down/接口F1/1，转变状态到管理性关闭*Dec 12 20:26:52.067: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/1, changed state to downR2(config-if)#exitR2(config)#do show standby brief P indicates configured to preempt. |Interface Grp Prio P State Active Standby Virtual IPFa0/0 10 50 P Standby 192.168.10.1 local 192.168.10.10Fa1/1 20 200 P Init unknown unknown 192.168.20.20/ Fa1/1 状态为初始，活跃未知，备份未知路由器R1配置如下：*Dec 12 20:26:57.407: %HSRP-6-STATECHANGE: FastEthernet1/1 Grp 20 state Standby- Active/R1的F1/1 Group 20状态备份-活跃R1(config)#do show standby brief P indicates configured to preempt. |Interface Grp Prio P State Active Standby Virtual IPFa0/0 10 200 P Active local 192.168.10.2 192.168.10.10Fa1/1 20 150 P Active lo