油藏工程课程设计shejishu.doc

基础数据资料1 油区：胜利油田2 油藏几何参数及各小层物性(见表1)班级：1学号：04表1 油层物性数据序号油层顶深(m)油层有效厚度(m)含油面积(km2)孔隙度(小数)渗透率(10-3m2)121952.614+班号/8+班里序号/154+1/8+4/15=4.39170.345202.5221992.850.3552364.3322043.310.3378451.4422093.270.3352582.1522144.050.3366605.4622333.150.3328668.8722383.420.3358516.9822444.280.3367402.6922514.380.3427348.21022574.230.3438284.93 流体物性地面条件下油水密度： 地层条件下油水粘度=40+4/20 =40.2 mPas =0.4+1/40=0.425mPs地层泡点压力： MPa原油体积系数： 水的体积系数： 4 油水相渗关系表2 相对渗透率数据表SwKroKrw0.320 0.6500 0.0000 0.352 0.5861 0.0017 0.384 0.5244 0.0059 0.416 0.4651 0.0120 0.448 0.4082 0.0198 0.480 0.3538 0.0292 0.512 0.3021 0.0402 0.544 0.2532 0.0527 0.560 0.2300 0.0595 0.576 0.2072 0.0666 0.592 0.1853 0.0741 0.608 0.1644 0.0818 0.624 0.1439 0.0900 0.640 0.1251 0.0984 0.656 0.1062 0.1072 0.672 0.0895 0.1162 0.688 0.0728 0.1257 0.704 0.0581 0.1353 0.736 0.0316 0.1557 0.768 0.0112 0.1773 0.800 0.0000 0.2000 5 井眼半径：0.1 m6 油水井操作条件 注采压差：3MPa 注采比：1：1排状注水的排距与井距之比为2:1要求油田的初期采油速度达到5油水井正常生产时间为300天/年7 常用经济指标钻井成本：1500元/米注水单价：6元/米3输油单价：60元/吨生产维护费：180元/吨作业费用：20000元/(井年)地面工程建设费用为钻井费用的0.5倍原油的商品率：95原油价格：2200元/吨贷款利率：5.48 存款利率：1.98一、 油气田概况1.油藏地质描述本油区是胜利油田，含油面积4.391666km2。具有十个小层，油层顶深从2195米到2257米不连续，平均深度2224.4米；各小层厚度不均，最小2.61米，最大4.38米，油层厚度为35.55米，平均厚度3.555米；孔隙度分布也不均衡，最小0.3328，最大0.3552，平均孔隙度（按厚度加权平均）为0.339897；渗透率也不均衡，最小202.5md，最大668.8md，平均渗透率（按厚度加权平均）为442.87311md。束缚水饱和度为0.32，残余油饱和度为0.2。2.油藏流体分布及其物性描述 储层基本参数及各小层物性，见表1-2表1-2序号油层顶深(m)油层有效厚度(m)含油面积(km2)孔隙度(小数)渗透率(10-3m2)121952.614.39170.345202.5221992.850.3552364.3322043.310.3378451.4422093.270.3352582.1522144.050.3366605.4622333.150.3328668.8722383.420.3358516.9822444.280.3367402.6922514.380.3427348.21022574.230.3438284.9地层压力梯度：0.1Mpa/10m，地温梯度：3.7C/100m，地层泡点压力：Pb=20MP、流体物性地层条件下油水黏度：o=40.2mPas w=0.425mPas地面条件油水密度：o=0.9g/cm3 w=1.0g/cm3原油体积系数：Bo=1.08水的体积系数：Bw=1.02、渗流物性相渗曲线见图1-1图1-1从相渗曲线中我们可以看出，束缚水饱和度Swi=0.32，最大含水饱和度Swmax=0.8，油水相渗曲线交点处的含水饱和度Sw50%，束缚水饱和度Swi下的水相相对渗透率Kro=0，通过以上特征我们可以得出该储层岩石的润湿性为水湿，有利于油田的开采。三、地质储量的计算1.储量计算意义及储量分类正确的计算油气储量是油气藏的评价工作中十分重要的一环，是油气藏科学开发的基础。储量计算的正确与否直接影响开发决策的成败与得失。因此实际计算中必须认真对待储量计算的问题。根据计算所采用的资料来源不同，储量分静态地质储量和动态地质储量。动态地质储量是采用油气藏生产动态资料计算而得的储量数值，多用作开发过程中油气藏评价的参数。静态地质储量是采用静态地质参数计算所得到的储量数值，是油气藏早期评价的参数。根据计算时对地下情况掌握的详细程度，通常又将地质储量分为预测储量、控制储量和探明储量，从预测储量到探明储量表明油气藏的勘探探明级别。2.原油地质储量的计算采用容积法对本区块进行储量估算，根据公式 计算得各小层储量。（见表2-1）表2-1序号油层顶深(m)油层有效厚度(m)含油面积(km2)孔隙度(小数)渗透率(10-3m2)各层储量（万吨）121952.614.39170.345202.5224.0887221992.850.3552364.3251.929322043.310.3378451.4278.2582422093.270.3352582.1272.7797522144.050.3366605.4339.2575622333.150.3328668.8260.8881722383.420.3358516.9285.8032822444.280.3367402.6358.6305922514.380.3427348.2373.54981022574.230.3438284.9361.915总的地质储量为N= 3007.076万吨。储量丰度公式为：其中：油藏地质储量， ；油藏含油面积， ；储集层厚度；油藏束缚水饱和度，小数；地面脱气原油密度，；原始条件下的地层原油体积系数，无量纲；石油地质储量丰度，由于储量丰度为高丰度，所以该油藏属于高丰度的油藏，具有很大的开采价值。 3.可采储量的计算根据公式其中：油藏残余油饱和度，小数；计算得各小层储量见表2-2。表2-2序号油层顶深(m)油层有效厚度(m)含油面积(km2)孔隙度(小数)渗透率(10-3m2)各层储量（万吨）121952.614.39170.345202.565.90844221992.850.3552364.374.09676322043.310.3378451.481.84065422093.270.3352582.180.22933522144.050.3366605.499.78162622333.150.3328668.876.73178722383.420.3358516.984.05977822444.280.3367402.6105.4796922514.380.3427348.2109.86761022574.230.3438284.9106.4456可采储量为884.4411万吨。4.最终采收率评价四、纵向非均质性论证及划分开发层系的可行性分析1.油层纵向非均质性评价1.1.储层渗透率突进系数：层内最大渗透率与平均渗透率的比值，也称非均质系数。平均渗透率=442.8731(md)非均质系数 所以，储层非均质性弱。1.2.储层渗透率变异系数 所以，储层非均质性弱1.3.储层渗透率级差 级差比较小，储层非均质性弱综上，本区块储层比较好，非均质性不严重。由表1-2可以看出，该储层的渗透率在纵向上从202.5-668.8不等，数值相近，在纵向上的分布差异不大；油层的构造形态，油水边界，压力系统和原油物性比较接近。综合以上因素和层系划分的原则，可以看出该储层可以采用一套生产井网开采，减少了投资成本，有利于取得较大的经济效益。2.层系划分与组合论证2.1.层系划分的原则划分开发层系，就是要把特征相尽的油层合在一起，用一套生产井网单独开采。总结国内外在开发层系划分方面的经验和教训，合理组合和划分开发层系一般应考虑以下几项原则：（1）把特性相近的油层组合在一同一开发层系内，以保证各油层对注水方式和井网具有共同的适应性，减少开采过程中的层间矛盾。（2）一个独立的开发层系应具有一定的储量，并具有较长的稳产时间和达到较好的经济指标。（3）同一开发层系内，油层的构造形态，油水边界，压力系统和原油物性应比较接近。（4）在分层开采工艺所能解决的范围内，开发层系不宜划分得过细，以利减少建设工作量，提高经济效果。2.2.划分的层系可划为同一套开发层系。2.3.可行性论证由于油层之间沉积条件相近，渗透率在纵向上的分布差异不大，油层连通系数为0.73，变异系数为0.338，组成层系的基本单元内油层分布面积相同，层内非均质小，所有的小层有相同的构造形态，油水边界和压力系统，原油物性相同。划分为一个层系开采，既可以保证一定的储量，又可以充分发挥采油工艺措施的作用。这样可以减少钻井，既便于管理，又可以达到较好的经济开发效果。经论证，可划为同一套开发层系。五、注水方式选择及开发指标计算注水方式选择由于要保持油层能量，在油藏下降到饱和压力以前就要注水，可以采用早期注水。选用早期注水方式，使油层压力保持在饱和压力以上，使油井有较高的产量，有利于保持较高的采有速度和实现较长的稳产期。本区块油层面积较大并且有一定的延伸长度，油层之间连通性好，油层渗透率较高，具有较高的流动系数，故采用排状注水。1.单井产量计算：1.1. 出始产量 根据题意 且 L=2a，将其代入上式，得到其中 =3MPa =40.2 mPas各层的初始产量见表1序号油层有效厚度(m)渗透率(10-3m2)各层产量（/d）12.61202.51.10753622.85364.32.17568733.31451.43.13099143.27582.13.98875854.05605.45.1379563.15668.84.41467973.42516.93.7044684.28402.63.61085394.38348.23.195915104.23284.92.525371总的初始产量 /d1.2. 油田生产井数n：（油田的初期采油速度=5%）=91.11592图1 生产井与注水井的排列方式根据直线排状系统对生产井和注水井进行排列，则注水井的数目与生产井相同，即注水井的数目n=92。因此，油田的总井数为: 1842.计算井距及排距一口油井控制的面积：2aL根据得到排距=218.49m井距=109.24m3、求前缘含水饱和度根据公式和求个小层含水率。其结果见下表表1 个小层的含水饱和度序号10.320.6500020.3520.58610.00170.215298.05551630.3840.52440.00590.5155537.71954740.4160.46510.0120.7093414.77334450.4480.40820.01980.8210472.76731360.480.35380.02920.8864491.64612570.5120.30210.04020.9263991.01893880.5440.25320.05270.9516610.71537590.560.230.05950.9607370.515469100.5760.20720.06660.9681560.422063110.5920.18530.07410.9742430.344937120.6080.16440.08180.9791940.285437130.6240.14390.090.9833770.235719140.640.12510.09840.9867370.195563150.6560.10620.10720.9896350.162063160.6720.08950.11620.9919230.133719170.6880.07280.12570.9939140.111187180.7040.05810.13530.9954810.082188190.7360.03160.15570.9978590.060188200.7680.01120.17730.9993330.033453210.800.210图2 驱替前缘饱和度的确定由上图可知，前缘水饱和度 =0.3844、计算见水前开发指标。4.1. 求非活塞因子其中 =7.719547 =0.650非活塞因子： =0.6504.8436-7.719547=-4.571207124.2. 求无因次见水时间，通过有因次化得到见水时间。无因次见水时间 =0.091186无因次时间： 将代入无因次见水时间 =0.091186 =3883.482 L=218.49m /d 代入上式得到油田见水时间 t= 2.65704046（年）因此，见水前的开发指标只计算前三年。其中无因次累积注入量：见水前的无因次量见表1表1000110.03177660.0344965261.1872124420.06355330.0771615261.544929612.657040.09118670.1295413132.451942984.3. 以一年为一个点计算见水前的开发指标附表1 见水前开发指标汇总表时间（年）日产液(m3)累产液(104m3)日产油(t)累产油(104t)日注水(m3)累注水(104m3)采出程度(%)含水率 (%)05621.6240.0000 5059.4620.0000 5621.2240.0000 0.00%0.00%16785.868183.8271 6107.281163.9266 7328.425198.9913 5.45%0.00%29240.379405.7250 8316.341361.8025 9947.542458.4176 12.03%0.00%2.6570415648.724707.8854 12635.421631.2519 16372.213810.5606 20.99%0.00%5、计算见水后开发指标（以相渗数据中前缘含水饱和度以后的数据点为间隔进行计算）。5.1. 计算无因次开发时间（先计算F）。=见水后的无因次量见表2表 200.09122.6582392.4519420.1295410.126756-0.05750.12853.7454363.4608630.2094970.156892-0.13970.1825.304824.9037140.3613610.192667-0.23440.24357.0973836.7228560.6074870.228981-0.33830.31119.0677448.9372690.9814140.264233-0.42250.365810.662110.843121.3978680.291572-0.51480.425812.4109512.528111.9399810.316169-0.57370.464113.5272913.727862.3693150.331448-0.64040.507414.7893714.948522.899080.346672-0.710.552716.1097516.144633.50340.360892-0.78950.604317.6137517.351424.2423390.37452-0.8770.661219.2722418.458055.1134420.38782-0.97730.726421.1726419.63216.170440.399957-1.09540.803223.4111620.572157.4783690.412403-1.22560.887925.8799421.652788.9938570.422737-1.51391.075231.3392422.9896512.167230.438984-1.89771.324738.6115124.3676116.614610.451572-3.3212.249865.5757325.7330829.892690.4679385.2，见水后油田总的开发指标，数据表见表2。表2 见水后开发指标汇总表时间（年）日产液(m3)累产液(104m3)日产油(t)累产油(104t)日注水(m3)累注水(104m3)采出程度(%)含水率(%)2.6582 14884.63709.15426034.153611.214642459.34810.560620.33%59.46%3.7454 21009.331226.7685110.085659.567252554.062153.11821.93%75.68%5.3048 29768.222029.5954457.835798.32664537.453965.8326.55%85.02%7.0974 40811.413632.6633877.972971.946976701.567163.10832.32%90.50%9.0677 54254.16185.7573341.5531145.56888509.9911575.7238.10%93.84%10.6621 65823.689970.4172662.6371310.01297667.5517236.2143.56%95.95%12.4110 76052.4613925.612498.7851416.04105907.122466.3747.09%96.71%13.5273 83335.619017.562220.7021525.186111025.128737.4250.72%97.34%14.7894 90745.6623149.711955.931587.102116124.433283.2952.78%97.84%16.1098 98006.7128220.571706.3831648.757120887.738640.8854.83%98.26%17.6138 105332.634077.071465.2251705.03125452.944536.8656.70%98.61%19.2722 112050.441217.711243.6191760.07129907.751477.3358.53%98.89%21.1726 119177.649670.491033.7031811.584133973.259418.3460.24%99.13%23.4112 124884.259937.65844.09191860.648138142.368766.3561.88%99.32%25.8799 131444.272526.27669.43031907.841141603.880033.4963.45%99.49%31.3392 139559.787320.55527.75771949.118147046.192829.4464.82%99.62%38.6115 147924.7116953.4265.02662021.078151262.8119893.867.21%99.82%65.5571 156713.8158433.187.192162069.216156745.1158624.168.81%99.94%六、油田开发方案经济评价油田开发方案经济评价是根据国民经济发展战略和石油工业中的长期规划，在资源评价、工程评价、技术评价和市场 预测的基础上，对拟开发或调整地油田开发方案测算投入成本和产出效益，分析不确定因素，对比和优化方案的财务经济可行性，评价和推荐最佳方案，为决策者提供可靠的依据的过程。该油藏主要从企业角度出发所进行的财务评价。在该油藏区域钻井的总数量为184口，生产井和注水井的数量随不同的井网类型而发生变化，钻井投资每米1500元，地面建设投资为钻井投资的50%，与产出液有关的费用每吨180元，与注入液有关的费用每方6元，原油销售价格为2200元/吨。将计算出的油田开发指标插值到整年，时间最大值定为50年，计算每年的现金流量(具体数据见 表6-1)表 6-1 经济评价结果表时间 （年）生产数据收入支出纯收入 （万元）累积现金流 （万元）年产油量(万吨)年注水量(万吨)原油销售额(万元)0.0000.0000.00生产维护费(万元)注水费 (万元)输油费 (万元)作业费万元)钻井及地面建设(万元)0151.784168.636317228.140.000.000.00368.0094516.20-94516.20-94516.201183.218219.852382926.4627321.081011.829107.03368.000.00279420.21179724.532249.490298.425521434.5232979.311319.1110993.10368.000.00337266.93520550.003159.0721371.215332459.7344908.241790.5514969.41368.000.00459398.32990255.214138.5761637.988289622.8228632.908227.299544.30368.000.00285687.241295549.515126.9911868.900265411.9124943.599827.938314.53368.000.00246168.771567370.166117.2282081.021245006.2322858.4411213.407619.48368.000.00223352.581821756.677108.2742284.925226292.8721101.0112486.137033.67368.000.00204017.422061844.878100.5982467.344210249.5719489.3413709.556496.45368.000.00186229.542288898.93993.4212647.432195250.4218107.6214804.066035.87368.000.00170934.012505153.141081.5502820.508170440.5316815.8315884.595605.28368.000.00156576.732711331.901172.8662982.662152289.5314679.0916923.054893.03368.000.00133577.362898593.641270.7463124.232147859.6813115.8417895.974371.95368.000.00116537.773072523.561365.1403263.534136143.1712734.3318745.394244.78368.000.00111767.193245126.711458.7553393.569122798.1611725.2519581.203908.42368.000.00100560.303409940.521553.0663512.219110908.4910575.9220361.413525.31368.000.0087967.523565424.871647.8323620.61999968.839551.9321073.323183.98368.000.0076731.273712751.551743.3063713.74090509.628609.7621723.712869.92368.000.0066397.443852661.471839.1483800.88281818.367795.0922282.442598.36368.000.0057465.723986409.891935.4473881.60074083.387046.5622805.292348.85368.000.0049249.664114590.472032.2163950.35067331.886380.3923289.602126.80368.000.0041918.604237977.962129.1574014.63560938.205798.9223702.101932.97368.000.0035529.894357419.812226.6894072.00555779.115248.2724087.811749.42368.000.0029484.704473181.422324.3434127.96550876.354803.9424432.031601.31368.000.0024573.824586324.242422.2244175.82446447.544381.7024767.791460.57368.000.0019898.304697031.762520.2644217.95742352.494000.2725054.941333.42368.000.0015690.914805723.902618.4534258.61438567.133647.5825307.741215.86368.000.0011813.314912690.542717.7344288.57137064.713321.5725551.681107.19368.000.008218.695018180.492817.0164318.52435562.803192.1825731.421064.06368.000.006709.055124249.522916.2974348.48034060.383062.8325911.141020.94368.000.005199.905230909.553015.5784378.43332558.482933.4326090.88977.81368.000.003690.265338171.823114.8604408.39031056.582804.0826270.60934.69368.000.002181.105446048.733213.9544430.08129164.422674.7326450.34891.58368.000.00671.935554552.423312.9544447.50527073.472511.7726580.49837.26368.000.00-1133.095663399.473411.9534464.92924982.012331.6926685.03777.23368.000.00-3088.475772446.313510.9534482.35322891.062151.5626789.57717.19368.000.00-5044.325881696.43369.9524499.77420799.591971.4826894.12657.16368.000.00-6999.705991154.32378.9524517.19818708.651791.3526998.64597.12368.000.00-8955.526100823.65387.9514534.62216617.181611.2727103.19537.09368.000.00-10910.906210709.06397.2694547.64315192.181431.1427207.73477.05368.000.00-12866.746320814.36407.0864553.75214810.291308.4227285.86436.14368.000.00-14206.246431760.25416.9044559.86114428.411275.5327322.51425.18368.000.00-14580.926544528.18426.7214565.97114047.051242.6427359.17414.21368.000.00-14955.616659154.22436.5384572.08013665.171209.7927395.82403.26368.000.00-15329.836775675.65446.3564578.18913283.281176.9027432.48392.30368.000.00-15704.526894129.50456.1734584.30212901.401144.0127469.13381.34368.000.00-16079.217014554.06465.9904590.41112520.041111.1327505.81370.38368.000.00-16453.917136988.32475.8084596.52012138.151078.2827542.47359.43368.000.00-16828.147261472