埃克森美孚历史范文.doc

埃克森美孚历史范文 您需要登录后才可以回帖登录|注册发布 Overthelast125yearsExxonMobilhasevolvedfromaregionalmarketerofkeroseneintheU.S.tothelargestpubliclytradedpetroleumandpetrochemicalenterpriseintheworld.Todayweoperateinmostoftheworldscountriesandarebestknownbyourfamiliarbrandnames:Exxon,EssoandMobil.Wemaketheproductsthatdrivemoderntransportation,powercities,lubricateindustryandprovidepetrochemicalbuildingblocksthatleadtothousandsofconsumergoods.Learnmorebyusingthesliderorthearrowsbelowtobrowseourhistoryovertime. 1859ColonelEdwinDrakeandUncleBillySmithdrillthefirstsuessfuloilwellinTitusville,Pennsylvania. 1870RockefellerandhisassociatesformtheStandardOilCompany(Ohio),withbinedfacilitiesconstitutingthelargestrefiningcapacityofanysinglefirmintheworld. 1879StandardOilCo.purchasesathree-quartersinterestinVacuumOilCompanyfor$200,000.Asalubricantspioneer,VacuumOilintroducesanumberofpopularproducts,includingtherevolutionaryGargoyle600-WSteamCylinderOil. 1882StandardOillubricatesThomasEdisonsfirstcentralgeneratingsystem.Alsointhisyear,StandardOilTrustformstoincludetheStandardOilCompanyofNewJersey(JerseyStandard)andtheStandardOilCompanyofNewYork(Socony). 1885TheStandardOilTrustmovesitsheadquartersto26Broadway,NewYorkCity.Thenine-storyofficebuildingbeesalandmark.Thesameyear,VacuumdevelopsGargoyleArcticengineoilsfornewlydesignedgeneratorsandmotorsthatoperateatspeedsofupto1,000rpm. 1903TheWrightbrothers,WilburandOrvillle,usebothJerseyStandardfuelandMobiloil(Vacuum)lubricantsfortheirhistoricfirstflightatKittyHawk,NorthCarolina. 1906SoconygainsastrongfootholdinthevastmarketforkeroseneinChinabydevelopingsmalllampsthatburnedkeroseneefficiently.ThelampsbeeknownasMei-Foo,fromtheChinesesymbolsforSocony,meaningbeautifulconfidence. 1911FollowingalandmarkU.S.SupremeCourtdecision,StandardOilbreaksupinto34unrelatedpanies,includingJerseyStandard,SoconyandVacuumOil.TheyearalsomarksthefirsttimeJerseyStandardssalesofkerosenearesurpassedbygasoline,aproductthatintheearlydayshadoftenbeendiscardedasanuisance. 1915RalphDePalma,winneroftheIndianapolis500,isthefirstofmanyIndywinnerstouseMobilproducts.Hisaveragespeed:89.84mph. 1919JerseyStandardacquiresa50percentinterestinHumbleOilRefiningCompanyofTexas.ItwasduringthisyearthatHumble,ledbyitspioneeringChiefGeologistWallacePratt,employedmicropaleontology,thestudyofmicroscopicfossilscontainedincuttingsandcoresamplesfromdrilling,asanaidinfindingoil. 1920JerseyStandardresearchersproducerubbingalcohol,orisopropylalcoholthefirstmercialpetrochemical. 1926EmbodyingthephoicrenditionoftheinitialsSandOinStandardOil,JerseyStandardbringsoutanewblendoffuelunderthetradenameEsso. 1927HumblegeophysicistsusearefractionseismographanddiscoveranoilfieldinSugarland,Texas. 1928AmeliaEarhartusesMobiloiltoprotectFriendshipwhenshemakesherhistoricsoloflightacrosstheAtlantic.Thepreviousyear,CharlesLindberghusedMobiloilintheSpiritofSt.LouisonthefirstsoloflightacrosstheAtlantic. 1936Firstmercialunitinacat-crackingrefinerybeginsoperationat?Socony-VacuumsPaulsboro,NewJersey,refinery.TheunitusedaprocessdevelopedbyFrenchscientistEugeneP.HoudrywiththefinancialbackingofSocony-Vacuum.Theprocessaddedaclay-likecatalysttothecrackingprocesstoboostgasolineyieldsandoctanerating. 1937JerseyStandardresearchersproduceanartificialrubber,butyl.Today,butylisusedinthecreationoftires,surgicaltapes,protectivecoatingsandmore. 1938TheworldsfirstmercialproductionofalkylatebeginsataHumbleplantinBaytown,Texas.Alkylationmadepossiblethemanufacturingofiso-octane,usedasablendingagenttoproduce100-octaneaviationgasoline. 1942TheworldsfirstfluidcatalyticcrackergoesonstreamatLouisianaStandardsBatonRougerefinery.Theprocess,developedbyfourJerseyStandardresearchersknownasthe“fourhorsemen,”improvedontheHoudrymethodforcatcrackingandeventuallybecametheindustrystandardforproducinggasoline.Fortunemagazinecalledit“themostrevolutionarychemical-engineeringachievementofthelast50years.” 1952JerseyStandardintroducesUniflomotoroil,thefirstmultigrademotoroilremendedforbothsummerandwinteruse. 1955JerseyStandardestablishestheEssoEducationFoundation,aprogramthatgivesfinancialaidtoprivatecollegesanduniversities. 1958PanAmericanAirwaysfliesitsfirsttrans-AtlanticBoeing707flightfromNewYorktoLondon.TheflightisfueledbyMobilaviationfuel. 1959AnadvertisingcopywriterinChicagoesupwiththeadvertisingslogan“Putatigerinyourtank.” 1963Humbleinvents3-Dseismictechnology,arevolutionthatpletelychangesthewaytheindustrysearchesforoilandgasresources. 1966Mobilcelebrates100yearssincethefoundingoftheVacuumOilCompanyin1866andchangesitsnametoMobilOilCorporation.Thepanylaunchesawide-reachingidentityprogramtoemphasizetheMobiltradename. 1972JerseyStandardofficiallychangesitsnametoExxonCorporation.ThenamechangeisapprovedbyJerseyStandardshareholdersinaspecialshareholdersmeeting. 1974MobilintroducesasyntheticautomotiveenginelubricantMobil1.Today,Mobil1istheworldsleadingsyntheticmotoroil. 1975MobilparticipatesinpletionofBerylA,theworldsfirstconcreteproductionplatform.The50-story-highstructurewastheprototypeforotherconcretedeepwaterfacilitiesoperatingintheNorthSea. 1976Mobilinventsaprocessforconvertingmethanolintohigh-octanegasolinethroughtheuseofthepanysversatileZSM-5catalyst. 1980ExxonopensitsownfacilityforenvironmentalhealthresearchatEastMillstone,NewJersey.ExxonBiomedicalSciences,Inc.conductsresearchtofurtherassurethesafetyofExxonoperationsandproducts. 1982Exxoncelebrates100yearssincetheformationoftheStandardOilTrustin1882.Initsfirsthundredyears,thepanyevolvedfromadomesticrefineranddistributorofkerosenetoalargemultinationalcorporation,involvedateverylevelofoilandgasexploration,production,refiningandmarketing,andpetrochemicalsmanufacturing. 1986ExxonResearchandEngineeringinventsapowerfulnewimagingtechniquecalled3-Dmicrotomographytostudytheinternalstructureofopaqueobjectswithoutdamagingthem. 1989OnMarch24,1989,thetankerExxonValdezrunsagroundinPrinceWilliamSoundinAlaska.TheValdezoilspillwasatragicaidentthatExxonMobildeeplyregrets.Thepanytookimmediateresponsibilityforthespill,cleaneditupandvoluntarilypensatedthosewhoclaimeddirectdamages. 1989ExxonintroducesExxpol,asingle-sitemetallocenecatalystusedtoproduceconsistent,controllablemolecularstructuresthatmakeplasticandrubberproductstougherandimpact-resistant,withlesshazeandwithexcellentorganoleptics(lowoff-tasteandodor). 1995ExxonestablishestheSaveTheTigerFundinpartnershipwiththeNationalFishandWildlifeFoundation.TheSaveTheTigerFundisdedicatedtosupportingtheconservationofAsiasremainingwildtigers. 1997MobilintroducesSpeedpass,anelectronicsystemwhichautomaticallyactivatesthepumpandchargespurchasestoacreditcard.Speedpassissimilartotheelectronictolltechnologysuessfullyusedonsubway,busandhighwaysystemsaroundtheworld. 1999OnNovember30,1999,ExxonandMobiljointoformExxonMobilCorporation.Thismergerwillenhanceourabilitytobeaneffectiveglobalpetitorinavolatileworldeconomyandinanindustrythatismoreandmorepetitive,saidLeeRaymondandLouNoto,chairmenandchiefexecutiveofficersofExxonandMobil,respectively. xxExxonMobilResearchEngineeringCompany(EMRE)developstheSCANfiningprocess,whichusesanewproprietarycatalysttoselectivelyremovemorethan95percentofthesulfurfromgasolinewhileminimizingoctane