经贸英语 打印版课后问题.doc

课后问题： 1、 Whats the meaning of “the pattern of Chinas foreign trade”? “The pattern of Chinas foreign trade” refers chiefly(主要的) to the commodity structure of Chinas foreign trade and her trade partnership with the world. 2、 What kind of clause is introduced by “when” in the sentence of the third paragraph, section 1? An adverbial (状语) clause or an attributive (定语) one? An attributive clause 3、 “Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese economy had caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978 placing undue strain （过度负担）on the national economy.”(中国政府认识到，国外技术对本国经济现代化作用重大，这使1978年中国的进口额增长了50%以上，结果国民经济背上了沉重的负担。) Why did the more than 50% rise in imports of 1978 place undue strain on Chinas national economy? More foreign exchanges(外汇) is required for more imports. All sections of Chinas national economy would have to work harder and better to export and earn more for the imports increased. 4、 Whats “a net grain exporter(粮食净出口国)”? Does it mean one who has never done any imports? “A net grain exporter” should be one who has done both imports and exports of the item, but finally exported more than imported within a period of time. 5、 “The strong increase in imports last year is attributed to buoyant economic activity as well as to the success of the Governments trade and foreign investment policies.”(去年进口额的大大增加不仅是由于政府贸易政策与对外投资政策的成功，而且是由于趋于上升的经济。) What did Chinas foreign investment policies have to do with（与有关） her strong increase in imports? Foreign capital（外资） has flowed into (流入)China mostly in the form of foreign industrial investors to set up production facilities（生产设备） locally（在地方上，本地） together with their Chinese partners or alone. For production efficiency（效率） and other reasons, as a rule they bring in technology and equipment from abroad to equip（装备） themselves. Thus （因此）it would result in a rise in imports. 6、 “Chinese officials stress the importance of introducing advanced technology to domestic industry, but the need is for technology of varying degrees of sophistication, not necessarily for advanced technology as the term is understood in the West.”(中国官员强调向国内工业部门引进国外先进技术的重要性，但他们需要是不同先进程度的技术，而不是一定需要西方国家所理解的那种纯粹的先进技术。) Whats the implication （含义）of the underlined part of the paragraph quoted（引用） above? China is a developing country with her own economic condition. In introducing advanced technology into our country, we would first choose those most needed and applicable(可适用的) at the present stage（阶段，时期）of our economic development. 7、“The authorities do not consider it appropriate to incur large mounts of external debt until a number of practical bottlenecks in the economy ,such as an inadequate transport network and energy constraints, have been tackled.(在经济中的许多实际障碍如运输能力不足和能源缺乏被克服之前，中国政府不赞成招来大笔外债的做法。) Why did China refuse to borrow more until their transport capacity and energy supply have further increased? Chinas financial borrowing is for industrialization and modernization. Without well-developed transport network and enough energy supply, however, industry and the entire(整个的，全部的) economy could not be further（促进，更多的） expanded(扩大的，展开的) successfully. Therefore（因此）, its no time for borrowing them then, which could not be effectively（有效的） used and result only in heavy interest payment. 8、 “Chinas access to（有权使用） substantial （大量的） sums of money from the World Bank also reduces the need to borrow on commercial terms.”（中国可以在世界银行中借贷巨额资金，这减少了中国以商业条件进行接待的数量） What does “borrow on commercial terms” imply（暗示）here? And why does China prefer loans from the World Bank? “Commercial” carries(意味) the meaning of having profit making as the aim.（以获得利润为目标） “To borrow on commercial terms” is to borrow at the regular business interest rates (without any special favor received from the bank). China borrows from the World Bank Group for lower interest rates and other favorable conditions课后问题：1、“A clearly confident China has rolled up large section of its bamboo curtain ,declared itself open to the outside world and hung signs on nearly all its cities inviting foreign investors to come and do serious business.”(一个显然是自信的中国已卷起了一大截竹幕，宣布他要“对外开放”，并几乎在每一个城市都挂出了招牌，欢迎外商前来做正当生意。) In what is China confident in opening the country to the outside world? The country is fully confident in he social system(社会体系)Socialism（社会主义） with Chinese characteristics when China is opened to the outside world though it seems unavoidable（不可避免的） that all sorts of（各式各样的） Western ideas and their way of life are to be brought in together with （加上，和）the inflow of （流入所需资本和技术）the needed capital and technology. 2、“The four special economic zones (SEZs) in Guangdong and Fujian provinces, 14 coastal cities (all former treaty ports) and Hainan island (19“open” areas in all ) have specifically designed tax and other incentives for the foreign investor.”（广东与福建两省的四个经济特区，14个沿海开放城市（均为以前与清政府的条约所开放的城市，及海南岛（共19个地区）都有为国外投资者特地制定的税收和其他鼓励投资政策。） What part of the sentence is the word tax here? Here tax (a noun名词) is used as an attribute to （归因于）modify(修饰) “incentive”. 3、Why was foreign direct investment considered “a real element of competition(真正的竞争因素)” in “the countrys economic-development programme”（在该国的经济发展中）? At the time of writing the article (1984), the reform(改革) of Chinas economic structure just began, and most of her own enterprises were not quite self-responsible（自我负责） yet for gains and losses in their business operation. In contrast（相反）, the enterprises with foreign funds were organized on the principle（法则、原则） of the market economy and they had to be active in competition for survival（生存）, with no “same big pan（平底锅）” to eat from. In this sense(从这种意义上说、在这方面), they were considered “a real element of competition.” 4、Could you find a substitute(代替品) for the word race in “the race to get foreign technology and funds”?（竞相引进国外技术与资金） drive (n.) 运动 5、“The Chinese aspire to own color TV sets, refrigerators, trucks, washing machines and better radios, bicycles and clothing.” What is implied（暗指） by using the word “better”? (Does “better” refer merely（只不过，仅仅） to the quality of goods here, or something more?) “better” implies that they had already had things like radios, bicycles and clothing, but expected to have better ones. 6、“Even local factories are taking note of the vast potential（潜力） sales in their own domestic market.”(即使当地厂商也注意到其国内市场巨大的销售量潜力) In what sense is the word sales used in the sentence? In the given context the meaning of sales is quantities to be sold. 7、How would you paraphrase “taken literally”?(从字面上讲) If Gu Mus statement(陈述) is understood in the word-for-word （逐字的）way. 8、What does “administrative support”(行政支持) in the text refer to? Administrative setups responsible for(为负责) absorbing（吸引） foreign direct investment and relevant（有关的） local rules and regulations（官方的规章制度）. 9、What is “a well-placed source”?(消息灵通人士) Source here is used in the sense of a source of information, which might refers to a person or organization, “A well-placed source” should be an official who is well-informed because of his special position. 10、“The central governments determination to raise the level of industrial technology is clearly behind the decision to open the 14 coastal cities.”（中央政府决心提高工业技术水平显然是作出作出开放14个沿海城市的决定的原因）。 What s your paraphrase(解释) of the above sentence? Does it mean that the “determination” was the reason for the decision? The reason for the decision was the determination. 11、“The combined industrial output（产量） of the 15 coastal areas is reportedly (据报道)equal to a quarter of the nations total.”(据报道，15个沿海市、区的工业产量总和相当于该国工业总产量的四分之一) What is the meaning of “combined” in the sentence? Could you find another word to replace it? What is that? Together 12、“But while the reasons for throwing 19 areas and cities open to foreign investment and technology transfer are clear”(决心向外国投资与技术转让开放19个区、市的原因是清楚的) “Throwingopen” basically（主要的，基本的） means having open, doesnt it? Then what is the difference in meaning between “throwing 19 areas and cities open” and having open? What more does it mean when the word throw is used? Throw carries the meaning of doing that with force-determination(果断) in the sentence quoted（提到） above. 13、“, how the preferential systems will operate (in the 19 open districts) is not (clear).This is due largely to (由于)the intensity(激烈) of competition among the 19(但诸项优惠制度将如何运作，这一点却还不得而知。其主要原因是19个开放地区和城市间的竞争激烈。) How could “the intensity of competition among the 19”, if there was one, lead to some confusion（混淆）in absorbing foreign direct investment? According to the authors own understanding, as the 19 open areas and cities were competing actively（激烈的） with one another or more foreign direct investment, they made their preferential systems more and more attractive（有吸引力的） and thus complicated（错综的、复杂的）, hard to operate. 14、“This is due largely to the intensity of competition among the 19, coupled with （加上）the inexperience of most local authorities both in making decisions and in dealing with the outside world.” (其主要原因是19个开放地区和城市间的竞争激烈, 加上大部分当地政府在决策与处理对外事务方面还缺乏经验。) What does “coupled” mean here? Could you find some substitutes for it? Together /along 15、What are “target projects”?(重点工程) key projects 中点（工程）项目 16、“One official who is well aware of the confusion afflicting both local authorities and foreign investors is Jing Shuping, president of China International Economic Consultants（顾问、咨询） Inc. which is the consultancy arm of the China International Trust and Investment Crop.”(对这一令当地政府与外国投资者都头痛的混淆不轻的问题，中国国际经济咨询有限公司的总裁荆舒平最知情，该公司是中国国际信托投资公司附属的咨询性公司) What is the meaning of the word “arm” here? Could you find some other word to substitute? Branch(分部)/department（部门） 17、“The time will come when the cities and zones will ask for help in coordinating（协调） their efforts.”（有一天，这些市和区事会寻求援助以协调它们的工作的） What kind of clause（从句） does “when” introduce? An attributive（定语） or an adverbial （状语）one? Why? an attributive clause. 18、“, while a comprehensive framework（综合准则） for the countrys modernization has been provided（提供） by the central committees（中央委员会） 21 October 1984 decision to reform the economic structure, it will be some time before the dust settles and local authorities and foreign investors can deal with one another in a systematic way.”(虽然中央委员会1984年10月21日改革经济体制的决定为该国的现代化提供了一个综合的准则，但要等到尘埃落定、要等地方政府与外国投资者能有条不紊的打交道还需要一段时间) Whats you understanding of “the dust settles”? The confusion is removed. 19、Whats “stock-taking of the open policy”?(对开放政策评估) reviewing （回顾、评论） (reexamining复试)of the open policy.课后问题 1、“If there is a road to Chinas future, Highway 204 out of Shanghai is it.”（如果有通往中国的未来之路的话，那便是始自上海的204国道。） 1) What is the exact meaning of “ out of” here in the sentence? 2) Why does the author compare(比喻) Highway 204 to the road to Chinas future? (you may answer the question after youve studied the whole article.) 答：1）“Highway 204 out of Shanghai” is one leading out of Shanghai. 2)The traffic on Highway 204 is so thick (拥挤)that the trip along the road is hard. It indicates(表明) that though Chinas economy is booming（繁荣）, it is still backward and there is a long and there is a long and difficult way yet to Chinas brighter futurebecoming the strongest economic power in the world. Rapid development in China is overwhelming（势不可挡） its backward（落后） transport networks, to be more accurate（准确）, its infrastructure（下部构造） and even its economic conditions, which limit its further development. 2、“Migrant（迁移）workers crowd the narrow shoulders” What does “shoulders” refer to ? 答：“Shoulder” here means the edges of a road. 3、“Eventually（结果、最后、终于）, industry gives way to rice fields, which is eing dug up to build still more factories.” 1) What does the phrase（短语） “to give way to something” mean in the above sentence? 2) What does the author mean to convey(传达) to the readers when he used the word “ eventually”? 答：1）To give way to something means to make room for something(让位于某物) in the sentence. 2) Eventually sometimes implies(暗指) an inevitable（必然的、不可避免的） result. 4、Please explain the following phrases as they appearing their in their respective（各自的） contexts: “ dynamic（活跃的、生机勃勃的） economy”( paragraph 2) “the worlds dominant（占优势的、占统治地位的） economy”( paragraph 3 ) 答：According to their respective contents, “dynamic economy” refers to an economy full of energy(活力) and activity(活跃)精力充沛、旺盛; “the worlds dominant economy” means the worlds major economic power. 5、“We dont have people, we dont have time,” says one. “Things are moving too fast.” What is the meaning of “We dont have people” in the above sentence? (Dont the officials think weve already had the largest population in the world?) 答：China is short of technical and management professionals(管理专业人员). 6、“Many economists believe a standard estimate of Chinas per capita gross national product ($370) is already two to three times too low.”（ 许多经济学家认为，对中国人均国民生产总值的权威估计太低了（370亿美元），实际上应该比这一数字再高出2-3倍） According to the information given, could you figure out the economists idea about Chinas per capital GNP? (How much do these economists believe the estimate of Chinas per capita CNP should be?) 答：$740-$1110 7、“Bill Clinton has appointed China hands to top Asia posts at the State and Treasury departments.” Please translate the above sentence into Chinese and explain the implication of Mr. Clintons action. 答：比尔.克林顿已任命华人担任国务院和财政部中负责亚洲事务的部门的要职。 8、Can you paraphrase the following sentence in your own words, especially the phrase a work in progress? （显然，中国的经济正处于发展之中，远没有发挥出其十亿多人口的巨大潜力。） “Clearly, Chinas economy is a work in progress, nowhere near realizing the potential of its billion-plus population.” 答：Clearly, Chinas economy is in the process of development, far from(远没有) realizing（实现） the potential of its population of more than 1 billion. 9、“China remains primarily a nation of farmers, and the transition to an industrial free market is much like the traffic on Highway 204unpredictable.”（中国首先仍然是一个农业国家，他向工业化的自由市场转变，这种转变就像是204国道的交通状况一样不可预知.） 1) What does the author mean by comparing（比较、对比） the transition to “the traffic on Highway 204”? 2) According to the information from the article (given in the next two sentences following the above one), what changes does China need in order to realize the market economy in the authors opinion? Is it totally acceptable to Socialist China? 答：1) What the author meant to say is that moving on Highway 204 were both local(当地的、地方的) old-style（旧式的、老派的） vehicles（车辆、交通工具） and foreign autos （汽车）of the latest fashion（最新样式）, and like that in Chinas economy co-exist（共存） her national enterprises originally（最初、原始） founded（创建） for the planned economy and other businesses founded for or adapted to （适合）the market economy: the structure of Chinas economy is under change but not decided definitely（明确地） yet. 2)The state- owned firms should be sold or privatized, and the equipment and facilities in those firms should be renovated. No, it isnt. 10、“Last year the BeiBei Company in Zhangjiagang cleared $14million on exports of 10 million pairs of shoes to US department store.” （张家港的贝贝公司，向美国百货商场格出口了1000万双鞋，赚取了1400万美元） P lease explain the underlined part in the above sentence. 答：The underlined part refer to gain $ 14 million as a profit on exports. 11、“Just two years ago South Korean manufacturers were flourishing(繁荣、兴旺) on contracts from western athletic（运动的） footwear giants” What does “on” mean? Can you give some more examples? 答：On here is used in the sense of according to or in the basis of . e.g. They made their own judgment on his report. She studies in Cambridge University on scholarship. 12、“Since then much of the business has shifted to China, dealing a hard blow to the South Korean shoe industry.” 自那以后，大多数业务转向中国，这严重打击了韩国的制鞋业。 1) Please explain the meaning of “shift” and find a synonym? 2) What part of the sentence is the phrase introduced by dealing? What does it show? 答：1)转移 transferred 2) adverbial(状语) ; an adverbial of result 13、“Membership in this club, which includes all the worlds leading economies, could provide a huge boost for a low-wage export economy.” 这个组织的成员包括了所有世界经济强国，成为其成员国可以大大促进低工资出口经济的发展。 How many reasons are mentioned in the sentence for “a huge boost”? In what way could low wages promote the export? 答：1）one 2) Low wages means low costs of the goods produced, and lost costs result in low prices which render(致使) the goods competitive in the world market. 14、“Already though, Chinas commercial strength is staring to worry competitors.” 尽管如此，中国商贸的实力使中国开始成为令人担心的竞争者。 What part of speech is the word “though”? What part of the sentence is it? And what is the meaning it implies(暗指)? 答：Adv.(副词), adverbial（状语）, however. 15、“The trade surplus itself will be the No. 1 problem this year,” says one Chinese official. “After Japan well be the first in line for retaliation.” “贸易顺差本身就将成为本年度的首要问题”一位中国政府官员说。“我们将是在日本之后第一个遭到报复的国家。” Can you find out why trade surplus would be a problem and for what reason(s) or on what excuse “we might be retaliated? 答：One countrys trade surplus would be some other countrys trade deficit(逆差、赤字). If its too big, it would be a loss for the importer, both financially and economically. The country with huge trade surplus might be accused（控告、归罪） of dumping（倾销） or using others import quota illegally（非法的、不合法的） as in the textile trade. 16、“And the rest of the world will look foolish if it lets itself be caught by surprise.” 而世界上其余的国家，如果仍对此感到惊奇的话，那他就未免显得太愚蠢了。 What does the