大工12春《大学英语4》辅导资料六.doc

大连理工大学网络教育学院大学英语4辅导资料六主 题：对Unit 4的语法点不定式的讲解（2）学习时间：2012年5月7日5月13日内 容：3. 不定式作定语。不定式短语作定语时，一般放在被修饰的词之后。不定式常和它修饰的词有动宾关系。例如：The order for the army to start has been given. 已经发出了让部队开始的命令。The power for science to serve mankind is limitless. 科学为人类服务的力量是无穷的。如果不定式是不及物动词，则后面必须有适当的介词。例如：He needs a place to live in. 他需要有个住的地方。This is not a pen to write with but to draw with. 这不是写字而是画画用的笔。I have not a friend to talk with. 我没有能谈心的朋友。4. 不定式作表语。动词不定式作表语，表示具体动作或将来动作。To gamble is to commit suicide, but not to get rich. 赌博就是自杀，而不是致富。To criticize others is to make enemies. 批评别人就是树敌。5. 不定式短语和疑问词连用（who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how,还包括whether）（1）做主语 Who to turn to is what she wants to know. 找谁帮忙是她想知道的。 How to be wealthy, healthy and happy will always remain a question mark. 怎样才能富有，健康和幸福将永远是个问号。（2）做表语 The problem is which to take first. 问题是先拿哪一个。 What remains for you to explain is how to put the plan into practice and whose help to seek. 剩下需要你解释的是怎样实施计划以及寻求谁的帮助。（3）作宾语常用这一结构作宾语的动词有ask, consider, decide, discuss, explain, forget, find out, know, learn, remember, see(=understand), show, tell(=know), think, understand等。例如：Ive found out where to buy them cheaply. 我发现了在哪里买这些东西便宜。I cant tell what to do. 我说不好怎么办。You know very well when to say what and how to say it. 你很清楚什么时候说什么话以及怎样说。He cant decide what time to leave or whether to leave at all. 他不能决定何时离开或者到底是否离开。（4）做定语 I must find a pen with which to fill in this form(=to fill in this form with). 我必须找支钢笔填表用。Nobel began to seek ways in which to make the explosive safer to handle. 诺贝尔开始寻找那种炸药操作起来更安全的方法。6. 作状语。不定式短语作状语，表示目的、原因、结果等。位置一般在句尾或句首。(1) 表示目的They went to the U.S.A. not to study English but to study law and business. 他们去了美国，不是为了学英语，而是为了学法律和商务。为了强调，有时用in order to （为了）或so as to （以便）加动词原形，放在句首或句尾均可。例如：In order to improve my English, I read China Daily every day. 为了提高英语水平，我每天都看中国日报。He took a taxi so as not to miss the train. 为了不误火车，他坐了出租车。有些不定式习惯用语放在句首或句尾，作独立成分。例如：To be frank (with you), this is not satisfactory. 老实（和你）说，这不令人满意。这样的短语还有to tell you the truth实话告诉你to conclude 最后to begin with首先to put it another way 换句话说(2) 表示原因To hear him talk in that manner, you would think him a foreigner. 他这样说话， 你会以为他是外国人。The old father smiled to know his success. 知道他成功的消息，那位老父亲笑了。(3) 不定式作结果状语只限于下面几个词：learn得知，find 发现，see 看见，hear 听见，to be told被告知，make 使得 等。only+不定式常表示出乎意料的结果。He hurried to the airport to learn that the flight had already taken off. 他急忙赶到机场，却得知飞机已经起飞了。He returned home from his holiday only to find that his house had been broken into. 他休假回家，却发现他的房子被破门而入了。（二）不定式的时态。动词不定式一般有三种时态形式，即一般式、进行式和完成式。（1）一般式（to+动词原形）：表示与主句谓语动词动作同时（或几乎同时）发生或在主句谓语动词之后发生的事情。例如： Were happy to have you on our side. 有你在我们这边我们很高兴。 I saw him go out. 我看见他出去了。（不定式go out 与 see同时发生。） They invited me to have dinner with them. 他们邀请我和他们一起吃晚饭。（2）进行式（to be+现在分词）：表示主句谓语的动作发生时，不定式动作正在进行。例如： Shes said /believed to be living nearby. 据说/据信她就住在附近。 When he came in, I happened to be sleeping in bed.他进来时，我碰巧正在床上睡觉。（3）完成式（to have+过去分词）：表示在主句谓语的动作之前发生的事情。:如：Im glad to have met your parents here. 我很高兴在这儿见到了你父母。（已见过） Im sorry to have kept him waiting for me so long. 我很抱歉让他等了我这样久。（已经等过了）不定式的被动语态：当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。不定式的被动形式有两种：一般式：to be + 过去分词完成式：to have been + 过去分词例如：Youre lucky to have been accepted. 你很幸运已经被接受了。Were glad to have been invited. 受到邀请我们很高兴。Whats to be done next? 下一步做什么？ 两个不定式由and, or, except, but, than 连接时，第二个可省略to，尤其是两个不定式紧密相连时。如：I intend to call on him and discuss this question again. 我打算去拜访他并和他谈谈这个问题。He had nothing to do except talk nonsense. 除了胡说八道，他没别的事干。I would rather die than be insulted. 我宁死也不受侮辱。Its easier to persuade people than (to) force them. 说服人容易，强迫人难。句子中but后面的不定式带不带to，取决于but前面的句子里含不含do，只要有与do/did有关的词（do作谓语，to do作定语等等），but后面的不定式就省掉to。I have no choice but to go there alone. 除了独自一个去以外，我别无选择。I can do nothing but go there alone. 除了独自一个到那里去，我别无选择。统考例题讲解（重点掌握）1. The donated liver came from the UK, but the hospital is giving no further _. A. instance B. character C. items D. details解析：本题考查词意。instance意为“例子”；character意为“性格”；item意为“条款”；detail意为“细节、详情”，所以答案为D。2. Police are _ the disappearance of two children.A. looking out B. looking after C. looking into D. looking on解析：look out意为“注意”；look after意为“照顾”；look into 意为“调查”；look on意为“旁观”，所以答案为C。3. I do not intend to follow that, because we shall have an opportunity to do so on another _. A. occasion B. situation C. condition D. enivironment解析：此题的考点为on . occasion的固定搭配，意为“在的场合”，所以答案为A。4. That was so serious a matter that I had no choice but _ the police.A. called in B. calling in C. call in D. to call in解析：此题的考点为短语固定搭配have no choice but to do sth.，意为“别无选择，只能”，所以答案为D。5. In no circumstance _.A. smoking should be allowed on the campus B. should smoking be allowed on the campusC. should smoking allowed on the campusD. should smoking allow on the campus解析：本题考查倒装和动词时态问题。含有否定词的地点状语放在句首，主句的主谓应倒装，故排除A。smoking和句子中未出现的动作发出者之间是被动关系，故句子应用被动语态，则C和D也不正确，答案选B。练习题（重点练习）1. He didnt go to bed _ the TV play was over.A. if B. because C. until D. that2. _ is important that you choose clothes that suit your shape.A. There B. It C. This D. That3. She has two best friends. _ of them is in the country.A. All B. Both C. No one D. Neither4. The man _ Mary was so tall that she c