常德市新课标中考英语书面表达.doc

中考英语书面表达应对策略【考点扫描】书面表达是每年中考必考题型，是考查学生交际能力的一个重要组成部分。书面表达通常有三种形式：1、书信、日记、通知、留言、假条；2、看图作文；3、根据汉语提示作文。无论是那一种书面表达形式，考生所写的短文都要紧扣主题、文理通顺，要素完整，语言准确、得当、格式正确、无大、小写和拼写错误，标点符号正确，能达到交际目的。【名师解难】一. 训练方法1. 记。认真系统复习和背诵基础知识和优美的句子、句型。中国有句古话，叫“熟读唐诗三百首，不会吟诗也会作”。同样，要使自己具有较强的写作能力，首先应该熟读和背诵一些句型和短文。许多同学写出来的语言根本不符合英语的语言习惯，相当一部分人有对照中文逐字翻译的不良习惯，不去理会中英文的差异。大量的背诵和阅读是提高写作能力的有效办法，同学们若有大量的现成语言积累在脑海里，自己写起文段来，就可以做到脱口而出，或是模仿、套用，甚至发挥。2. 练。每练一篇书面表达题，都要真正学到一点东西，不可贪多而边学边忘。平时可以采用循序渐进、灵活多样的练习方式。从根据提示词写单句开始，到写单句，然后到写几句话，最后到写流利的文段。尽量尝试多种形式的写作，如短信、说明、通知、便条、明信片、看图写作、根据表格或记录写短文等。3. 写。要进行实战写作。要求自己在20分钟内写出100个词的短文，并且质量高、内容全、形式正确。这样形成习惯，考试时就能得心应手。 二. 应试策略1. 审题目：要切中题意。中考考试说明指出，书面表达要切中题意。怎样才能切中题意？就是要认真审题，看到考题后，先不要急于动笔，要仔细看清题目要求的内容。在自己的头脑中构思出一个框架或画面，确定短文的中心思想，不要匆匆下笔，看懂题意，根据图画、图表、提纲或短文提供的资料和信息来审题。审题要审格式、体裁、人物关系、故事情节、主体时态、活动时间、地点等。2. 圈要点：防止遗漏要点。要点是给分的一个重要因素。为了防止写作过程中遗漏要点，同学们要充分发挥自己的观察力，把情景中给出的各个要点逐条列出。3. 列提纲：为写作做好准备。根据文章要点短文的中心思想将主要句型、关键词语记下，形成提纲。 4. 定基调：定出时态、人称、顺序、开头、结尾。5. 写全文：写短文时要做到以下六个方面：(1)避免使用汉语式英语，尽量使用自己熟悉的句型。几种句型可交替使用，以避免重复和呆板。(2)多用简单句型，记事、写人一般都不需要复杂的句型。可适当多使用陈述句、一般疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。不用或少用非谓语或情态动词等较复杂的句型。(3)注意语法、句法知识的灵活运用。1）语态、时态要准确无误。2）主谓语要一致，主语的人称和数要和谓语一致。3）注意人称代词的宾格形式。4）注意冠词用法，例如： He is an honest student.中的an不能写成a。5）注意拼写、标点符号和大小写，例如：receive, believe, fourteen, ninth(4)描写人物时，要生动具体，例如：1）外表特征：tall, short, fat, thin, strong, weak, ordinary-looking 等。2）服饰颜色：red, yellow, blue, white, green, brown, black 等。3）内心境界：glad, happy, sad, excited, anxious, interested 等。4）感情描写：love, like, hate, feel, laugh, cry, smile, shout 等。5）动作描写：come, go, get, have, take, bring, fetch 等。(5)上下文要连贯。上下文的连贯性也是评分的一条原则，因此同学们应把写好的句子，根据故事情节，事情发生的先后次序（时间或空间），使用一些表示并列、递进等过渡词进行加工整理，使文章连贯、自然、流畅。同学们应注意下面过渡的用法：1)表示并列关系的：and, as well as, or2）表示转折关系的：but, yet, however 3）表示时间关系的：when, while, after, before, then, after that 4）表示因果关系的：so, therefore ,as a result 5）表示目的的：in order to, in order that , so as to, so that 6）表示列举的：for example , such as 7）表示总结性的：in general, in all, in a word, generally speaking (6)不会表达，另辟蹊径。中考作文给分是以要点和语言准确度而定，不以文采打分。造句越简单准确越好，造复合句容易出错，容易被扣分，阅卷场上有句话：“错误面前人人平等，文采好不加分”。如遇到个别要点表达不出来或难以表达，可采用变通的办法，化难为易，化繁为简。总之，所造句子要正确、得体、符合英语表达习惯。6.改病句：认真检查，改正错误。中考作文时，由于时间紧、内容多，同学们出错在所难免。因此，改错这一环节必不可少。中考作文评卷是根据要点、语言准确性、上下文的连贯性来给分，根据错误多少来扣分。因此，中考时花几分钟时间用来检查错误显得尤为重要。检查错误应从以下几个方面入手：301）格式是否有错。2）拼写有无错误。3）语言是否用错。4）时态、语态错误。5）标点错误。6）人称是否用错。三. 注意事项书面表达要特别注意书写工整，卷面整洁。每年阅卷老师在十来天的时间里要看十几万考生的作文，工作量之大，时间之紧，可想而知。书写是否工整，卷面是否整洁与得分高低直接有关。2011年中考英语满分作文七大类必背句型1. 重点句型1). Its adj for sb to do 做对某人来说2). so that 如此 以至于 such that 如此 以至于too to do 太 而不能3). notuntil 直到才 Eg: I didnt go to bed until my mother came back。4).The reason why + 句子 is that + 句子 的原因是Eg:The reason why he got angry was that she told him a lie. ( 他生气的原因是她对他说了谎。)5). That is why + 句子 那是的原因6). That is because + 句子 那是因为7). It is said that + 句子 据说It is reported that + 句子 据报道8). There is no doubt that + 句子 毫无疑问10). There is no need to do 没必要做11). There is no point in doing 做某事毫无意义12). As is known to all, +句子 众所周知 As we all know, +句子 据我们所知 It is generally/ publicly known / considered that, 众所周知2. 提建议had better (not) do 最好(不)做how about / what about doing 怎么样?I think you should do 我认为你应该I suggest / advice that you should do 我建议你做If I were you, I would do 我要是你的话，我会做Its best to do 最好做Why not do / why dont you do? 为什么不3. 表示喜欢和感兴趣like / love doingenjoy doingbe fond of doing 喜欢做prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做A也不愿做Bbe interested in doing = show/ take great interest in n / doing4.努力做try to do努力做try ones best to do = do ones best to do 竭尽全力做5. 打算做 / 计划做plan to do 打算做 be going to do 打算做decide to do 决定做 make up ones mind to do 下定决心做6. 表示想/希望want to do= would like to do 想做 hope to do 希望做expect to do 期待着做 wish to do 希望做consider doing 考虑做7.只加doing 作宾语的动词finish 完成practice 练习 susuggest建议 coconsider 考虑 mmind 介意 eeenjoy 喜欢固定句型look forward to doing 盼望做keep on doing 坚持做dream of doing 梦想做cant help doing 情不自禁地做keep / stop / prevent sb. from doing 阻止某人做be busy (in ) doing be busy with + 名词 忙于做spend time / money (in )doing花费时间做spend time / money on + 名词 花费时间做have fun / have a good time / enjoy oneself doing 玩得开心have trouble / have problem / have difficulty (in) doing做有困难have trouble / have problem / have difficulty+ with + 名词 做有困难8、彼此沟通信息tell sb to do sth. 告诉某人做某事get information about 了解express ones idea（feelings）in English用英语表达自己的思想（情感）write sb a letter saying 给某人写信说apologize to sb. for 为向某人道歉thank you for 感谢你make a speech at the meeting在会议上发表讲演take a message for sb. 给某人带口信send a message to sb. 给某人送口信hear from sb. 从（某人处）听说，收到某人的信talk about / of sth . 谈论某事explain sth . to sb. 向某人解释某事look upon sb as 把某人认为think sb. to be 认为某人take sbs side 站在某人一边；支持某人do sth . as usual 像平常一样做某事do what he wants us to do做他想让我们做的事get into trouble 陷入困境help sb. out 帮助某人解决困难；帮忙have the habit of doing sth .有做某事的习惯have no trouble in doing sth . 做某事没困难prepare sb. for sth . 准备/预备让某人干某事give up doing sth . 放弃做某事wait for sb . to do sth . 等待某人去做某事find a way to do sth . 找到做某事的方法make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友show （tell）sb. how to do sth .向某人展示（讲述）如何做某事take （send）sb to 带（送）某人到Im trying to find 我正努力发现Im afraid we are out of 我担心我们失去pass the time doing sth . 做某事来消磨时间feel a little excited about doing sth .对做某事感到有一点兴奋cant help doing sth . 禁不住做某事do some good deeds to people 为人民做好事be prepared for more hard work准备好应付更多的艰苦的工作Some are doing A， others are doing B， and still others are doing C.一些人做A，另外一些人做B，还有一些人做C.9. 感官活动与思维活动be pleased with 对感到高兴be delighted in doing 做某事很愉快take a pleasure in doing sth . 做某事很高兴be worried about sth . 担心某事feel surprised at 对感到惊讶be sorry for 对抱歉be angry with sb. for sth . 对某事对某人发怒be angry about 为某事生气look forward to doing 期盼做某事wish to do sth . 希望做某事expect to do sth. 期待做某事be sick for ones home 怀念家乡have a strong desire to do sth .对做某事有强烈的愿望。look around for （在某地）查找/搜寻look up （down）at 往上（朝下）看take a look at 看一眼hear sb. do （doing）sth. 听某人做?/divput ones heart into 一心扑在上be interested in 对感兴趣be fond of 喜欢/爱好like chemistry best 最喜欢化学be good at 擅长be poor at 不擅长do well in （在考试、竞赛中）取得好成绩；干得不错be weak in 不擅长make progress in 在方面取得进步fail in 考试不及格be tired of 对感到厌烦/厌倦pass the examination 通过考试major in history 主修历史be getting on well with ones study（某人）学业进展得很好take several courses at schoolwork hard at （Physics ， Chemistry）努力学习（物理、化学）learn about 学习到/知道（某学科知识）/听到，听说/获悉/了解到succeed in 在（某方面）成功；在（做某事）上获得成功take an active part in 积极参加get an “A”in the exam在考试中得到“A”praise sb. for sth . 由于某事赞扬某人blame sb. for sth . 为（某事）责备某人give sb. advice on sth.在方面给某人建议question sb. on 就质问某人 be satisfied with 对满意try to teach sb. to develop good study habits努力教某人养成良好的学习习惯make ones lessons lively and interesting使课堂生动并且吸引人teach sb. sth. 教某人某事 teach sb to do sth . 教某人做某事 have a swim 游泳 have dances on weekends 参加周末舞会have a picnic on the weekend周末去野餐 go to the cinema 去看电影have a party 聚会，开晚会 hold a sports meeting 举行运动会play the piano （violin）弹钢琴（拉小提琴）play chess （basketball）下棋（打篮球） do some reading 阅读get everything ready for 为做好一切准备rid ones bike with sb. to the park与某人骑车去公园keep / prevent sb. from doing sth .阻止某人做某事call on sb. to do sth . 号召某人做某事be afraid to do （be afraid of）sth.害怕/担心某事feel like doing sth .坚持做某事 drive sb. off 赶走某人force sb. to do sth . 强迫某人做某事 offer to do sth . 主动提出做某事refuse to do sth . 拒绝做某事 agree to do sth . 同意做某事regret doing sth . 遗憾做过某事prefer to do A rather than do B喜欢做A胜过做B had better do sth . 最好做某事would rather （not）do sth .更（不）愿意做某事 allow sb. to do 允许某人做某事初中英语写作中常见的六十二种句型句型1：Therebe 主语地点状语时间状语Theres a boat in the river河里有条船。There are seven days in a week一周有七天。句型2：Whats wrong withsbsth？Whats wrong with you？你怎么啦？Whats wrong with your watch？你的手表有什么毛病？句型3：How do you like？How do you like China？你觉得中国怎么样？句型4：What do you like about？What do you like about China？你喜欢中国的什么？句型5：had better（not）动词原形Youd better ask that policeman over there你最好去问问那边的那个警察。句型6：Howadjadv主语谓语！What aanadjn主语谓语！How cold it is today ！今天多冷啊！What a fine picture it is！多美的一幅图画呀！句型7：Thanksbfor（doing）sthThank you for coming to see me感谢你来看我。句型8：Sobe情态动词助动词主语He is a studentSo am I他是一个学生，我也是。句型9：notuntilHe didnt have supper until his parents came back直到他的父母回来他才吃饭。句型10：比较级and比较级The baby cried harder and harder那孩子哭得越来越厉害。句型11：the 比较级，the 比较级The more one has，the more one wants越有越贪。句型12：asadjadvasnot as（so）adjadvas.Do you think that art is as important as music？你认为艺术和音乐一样重要吗？Last Sunday the weather was not so wet as it is today上个星期天的天气不如今天的天气潮湿。句型13：morelessadjthanI think English is more useful than Japanese我认为英语比日语有用。I think art is less important than music我认为艺术不如音乐重要。句型14：stopfrom doing sthThe Great Green Wall will stop the wind from blowing the earth away绿色长城将阻挡风吹走土壤。句型15：bothandBoth you and I are students我和你都是学生。句型16：eitherorEither you or he is wrong 不是你错就是他错。句型17：neithernorNeither he nor I am a student我和他都不是学生。句型18：as soon asAs soon as I see him，Ill give him the message我一见到他，我就把你的消息告诉他。句型19：soadjadvthatI was so tired that I didnt want to speak我累得连话也不想说了。句型20：Though主句Though I like writing to my pen-friend，it takes a lot of time虽然我喜欢给笔友写信，但它要耗费我大量时间。句型 21：be going toThis afternoon Im going to buy an English book今天下午我要去买本英语书。句型 22：be different fromI think this is different from Chinese names我认为这与汉语名字不同。句型 23：Welcome（back）toWelcome to Shenyang！欢迎到沈阳来！Welcome back to school！欢迎回到学校！句型 24：have fun doingWere going to have fun learning and speaking English this term这学期我们将兴味盎然地学习和讲英语。句型 25：because，soI dont know all your names because this is our first lesson因为这是我们的第一节课，所以我并不知道你们所有人的名字。he was ill，so she didnt go to school她生病了，因此没有上学。句型 26：Why dont you？Why not？Why dont you come to school a little earlier？为什么不早点到校呢？Why not join us？为什么不加入我们？句型 27：make itLets make it half past nine让我们定在九点半吧！句型 28：have nothing to doThey have nothing to do every day他们每天无所事事。句型 29：be surebe sure ofabout sthbe sure to do sbI think so，but Im not sure我想是这样，但不敢确定。I was not sure ofabout the way，so I asked someone我对于怎么走没有把握，所以我问别人了。Its sure to rain必定会下雨。句型 30：betweenandThere is a shop between the hospital and the school在那家医院和那所学校之间有一家商店。句型 31：keep sbsthadjV-ing介词补语advYou must keep your classroom clean你们必须保持教室干净。Sorry to have kept you waiting对不起，让你久等。Can you keep him in the room ？你能让他在这个房里吗？Keep them here让他们在这儿呆着。句型 32：find 宾语宾补He finds it very hard to travel around the big city 他发现要环游这个大城市是很难的。句型 33：notanymorelongerThe old man doesnt travel any more这位老人不再旅行了。He isnt a thief any longer他不再是个贼。句型 34：Whats the weather like？Whats the weather like in spring in your hometown ？在你们家乡春天天气怎么样？句型 35：There is no time to dohave no time to doThere was no time to think没有时间思考。I have no time to go home for lunch我没有时间回家吃午饭。句型 36：Help oneself toHelp yourself to some fish吃鱼吧！句型 37：used to doI used to read this kind of story books我过去常读这种故事书。句型 38：borrow fromI borrowed a book from him我从他那借了一本书。句型 39：lend sbsthlend sthto sbHe lent me a story bookHe lent a story book to me他借了本故事书给我。句型 40：have been toHave you ever been to Haw aii？你曾去过夏威夷吗？句型41：have gone toWheres he？Hes gone to Washington他在哪儿？他去华盛顿了。句型42：be famous forHawaii is famous for its beautiful beaches夏威夷以它美丽的海滩而出名。句型43：No matter 疑问句主句No matter when you come，you are welcomed无论你们什么时候来，都受欢迎。句型44：be afraid（oftodothat）Im afraid not恐怕不能。Dont be afraid of making mistakes when speaking English当说英语时不要害怕犯错误。Hes afraid to go out at night晚上他不敢出去。Im afraid that he cant come here tomorrow恐怕他明天不能来这儿。句型45：asas possibleasas sbcanI hope to see him as soon as possible我希望能尽快见到他。He ran here as fast as he could他尽最大努力跑到这儿。句型46：practiseenjoyfinish doingA young man practised speaking English with Mr Green一个年青人和格林先生练习说英语。Tom enjoys playing football very much汤姆很喜欢踢足球。He finished reading the story book他看完了那本故事书。句型47：Its said thatIts said that one of the most dangerous sharks is the Great White Shark据说最危险的鲨鱼之一是大白鲨。句型48：Not alleveryoneNot all sharks are alike并不是所有的鲨鱼都一样。Not everyone likes dumplings并不是每个人都喜欢饺子。句型49：be based onHis argument is based on facts他的论断是以事实为根据的。句型50：so thatPut the tree in the hole so that it is straight把树放入洞穴中，让它立直。句型51：benummetreskilometresyearslongwidedeephigholdThe Great Green Wall is 7，000 kilometres long绿色长城长7000公里。The river is about 2 metres deep这条河大约有2米深。The boy is about 12 years old 这个男孩约12岁。句型52：keepfrom doingThe heavy rain kept us from starting out大雨阻止了我们出发。句型53：with ones helpWith Toms help，Ive come to America to study further在汤姆的帮助下，我来到美国深造。句型54：I dont thinkI dont think any of them is interesting我认为他们中任何一个都无趣。句型55：Whats the population of？Whats the population of Germany ？德国的人口有多少？句型56：prefer to dorather than doThey prefer to buy a new one rather than repair it他们更喜欢买一辆新车，而不愿去修理它。句型57：be worth（doing）This book is worth reading这本书值得读。句型58：regard asThey regarded their pets as members of their families他们把宠物视为家庭成员。句型59：be confident ofIm confident of success我确信会成功。句型60：seem to doseem adj（介词短语）He seems to be angry他似乎生气了。The house seems too noisy这房子似乎太吵了。句型61：be angry with about at（doing）I was angry about his decision to build a factory here我很生气他决定把工厂建在这儿。I was angry at being kept waiting这样一直等我很生气。句型62：pay forpay forHe paid for the book and went away他付完书款便离开了。I paid him 200 for the painting买这幅画我付了他200英镑。2011年中考范文1阅读理解电视广告词“If we dont save water , the last drop of water will be a tear-drop .”根据提示，写一篇70词左右的短文。注意：1、语言表达正确，要点完整；2、可适当做些发挥。提示：1、生活离不开水；2、可饮用水的数量在减少； 3、水污染严重； 4、应该保护水源，再利用水。参考词汇：the amount of water suitable to drink , pour into , pollute Water is very important to humans . We cant live without water . The amount of water suitable to drink is falling . But some people dont seem to care about this . They waste a lot of water They pour dirty water into rivers and pollute them . They throw rubbish into them , too . Many rivers and lakes are seriously polluted . We must do something to stop the pollution . We must protect the water as well as find ways to reuse it . If we dont , the last drop of water will be a tear-drop . 2、Mike是你班的一位来自澳大利亚的同学。他患了感冒，去药店买来一盒药，向你询问服药方法。请你根据药品说明，向Mike解释，并告诉他如何预防感冒。（词数：不少于80个；给出的首句不计入总词数） 服 用 说 明【适应症】：适用于感冒引起的咳嗽、头痛等症状。【用法与用量】：饭前口服。一次1-2片，一天3次，疗程3-5天。【不良反应】：偶有瞌睡感。【禁症】：服药期间忌鱼、酒、辛辣食品。This medicine is used for curing cough , headache , and something like that caused by cold . Take one or two pills each time , and three times a day before meals . Sometimes you might feel like sleeping after you take it . But it doesnt matter . Dont have fish , wine or hot food these days while youre taking this medicine . And youll be fine in three or five days .By the way , I think youd better take good care of yourself and keep healthy . For example , put on more clothes when you go outside on a cold day ; keep the air in your room clean ; have more water , fruit and vegetables . And the most important of all , do more sports every day to be stronger .I wish youll be all right soon .3、小明昨天放学回家，在路上，他看到树上有一只鸟。他捡起一块石头，向它扔去，鸟伤得很重，从树上落下。就在那时，有个老人走上来，告诉他不要那样做，要爱护鸟。on the way pick up stone throwat hurt fall off come up take care of Yesterday Xiaoming saw a bird in the tree when he was walking on the way home. He picked up a stone and threw it at the bird. The bird was badly hurt and fell off the tree. Just then, an old man came up. He told Xiaoming not to kill birds. He said that we should take good care of birds. Bccause they are our good friends. Xiaoming felt very sorry.4、假如你叫王刚，Mr Green是你的英语老师，你因为生病，医生告诉你在家休息两天。你不能去听他的课，请你向格林写一张请假条说明不去上课的原因。病后要求格林给予帮助。be illcatch a bad coldnot feel wellstay at homeget wellask for helpMr Green,Im Wang Gang. Im very sorry to tell you that I was ill. Im not feeling well. This morning I went to see a doctor. He told me that I had caught a bad cold. I have to stay at home for two days. So I cant go to school today or tomorrow. I hope Ill get well soon. Ill ask you for your help when I meet you in two days. Thank you. Yours,5、（福建泉州）初中的学习生涯即将结束了。三年来，在你获取知识的同时，你的外貌，兴趣爱好，习惯都有了一定的改变吧！请你一定以(How I Change)为题，写一篇短文，告诉我们你的变化好吗？字数在80词左右。温馨提示：1.短文中请勿使用真实姓名、地点或所在学校名称。2.这些词汇也许对你有帮助:hobby, habit, used to, enjoy oneself3.短文开头已经为你写好（字数不计入总数），请你接着往下写 How I ChangeMy life has changed a lot in the past three years. I was fat and short when I came to the middle school. At that time I was interested in computer games and I spent most of time on it. My parents were worried about me.Now, I like sports and I often play football with my classmates after school. So I become taller and stronger than before. I like reading, too. I usually go to the library to read some interesting books. Good habits help me to study better and keep healthier.6、介绍你的兴趣爱好My HobbyI am a 15-year-old student in junior Grade 3. Though I am occupied with my study, I would like to spend time on my hobbies,