新世纪大学英语教材综合教程第3本 unit 3 笔记及答案.doc

Unit 3 HappinessI. Useful Words and Expressions（Text B）1. priority n. (L.10)1) C the thing that is (regarded as) more important than others 优先考虑的事你必须学会辨别事情的轻重缓急。You must learn to get your priorities right.她没有把度假当作优先考虑的事情。Holidays didnt figure high on her list of priorities.2) U the fact or condition of being regarded as more important 优先；重点政府将改革法制列为工作的重点。The Government gave top priority to reforming the legal system.2. the breadline (L.13) a very low level of income which allows people to eat but not have any extra things 仅能有饭吃而不能保证满足其他生活需求的极低收入水平他们虽然不富有，却也没有挣扎在贫困线上。They are not well off, but they are not on the breadline.搭配 be / live on the breadline 非常穷，勉强维持生活be near / below the breadline 接近/低于最低生活标准3. banish v. (L.18) 1）drive away; force to leave 排除；驱逐那时很多人被流放到西伯利亚。A number of people were banished to Siberia at that time.2）drive (thoughts, etc) out (of the mind) 清除她清除了脑中所有的浪漫想法。She banished all thoughts of romance from her mind.4. intense a. (L.27) 1) (of sensations) having a very strong effect or felt very strongly 强烈的；极度的热度很高，铁条当即就融化了。The heat was so intense that the iron bar was melted instantly.此事需要高度关注。 The matter needs intense concern.2) (of colour)very strong or deep（颜色）浓的；深的拥有深绿色的湖水和清新的空气，月亮湖是一旅游热点。Owning / With intense green color and fresh air, the Moon Lake is a hot tourist spot.5. in the long run (L.30) later in the future, not immediately 从长远来看这从长远来看是省钱的。 It saves in the long run.从长远来看，饭后散步有益于健康。Taking a walk after dinner will be good for your health in the long run.6. in line with (L.36) in accordance to 与符合本公司的报酬与同等国际机构一致。Remuneration / The pay in our company is in line with comparable international orgnizations.收入所得税随所赚多少而波动。Income tax fluctuates in line with the change in a persons earning.短语 line of business 专业，行业 be in sb.s line 是某人的专长take a firm line on 对某事采取坚定的态度drop sb. a line 给人写短信（便条） down the line 从头至尾；自始至终7. relative to (L.39) in comparison with; concerning 相比；有关 据说女人比男人更敏感。It is said that women are more sensitive relative to men.这个记者问了有关赤字的问题。The reporter asked questions relative to the deficit.8. reinforce v. (L.49)1) give more support to (sth.); emphasize 给予更多的支持；加强这个消息增强了她的希望。 The news reinforced her hopes.这个证据进一步证实了我们认为他是凶手的这一看法。The evidence reinforced our view that he was the murderer.2) increase the numbers or military strength of 增援必须增援这一地区的军力。 The army force in this region must be reinforced.9. derive from (L.50)come from; get sth. from sth.or sb.来自；从得到许多英文词源于拉丁语。 Many English words derive from Latin.人们发现可以从读书中获得乐趣。People find that they can derive pleasure from reading.易混词: deprive：剥夺（人，地方）对某物的所有（或使用）deprive sb. of 夺去事故使他失去了双腿。 The accident deprived him of his legs.10. decrease (L.61) 1) v. (cause sth. to) become smaller or fewer 减少她对于此项运动的兴趣逐渐减少。Her interest in the sport gradually decreases.工人们想要减少工作时间而增加工资。The workers want to decrease the working hours and increase pay.2) n. C decreasing, reduction 减少这个地区进口不断减少。There has been a steady decrease in imports in this region.11. inevitable a. (L.72) 1) certain to happen and impossible to avoid; unavoidable 必然的；不可避免的看来这一地区的环境进一步恶化是在所难免的。A further deterioration of environment seems inevitable in this region.争论是免不了的，因为他们彼此讨厌对方。An argument was inevitable because they dislike each other.2) invariably occurring or appearing; predictable 经常有规律地发生或出现的；可预见的清楚了解可预见的季节变化会有助于我们的旅行计划。An awareness of the inevitable changes of the seasons may help us with our travel plan.12. in effect(L.80) in essence; in fact 实际上事实上，部长的权利使他能够取缔一些项目。The ministers powers allow him, in effect, to ban some programmes.证词实际上与她先前的话相反。In effect, the testimony contradicted her earlier statement.13. evaluate v. (L. 81) find out or form an idea of the amount or value of; assess 评价；估计对他一无所知，我无法评价他的能力。Knowing nothing about him, I cant evaluate his ability.这项研究将有助于评价近来变化的巨大影响。The study will assist in evaluating the impact of recent changes.14. It seems likely that the extra comforts we now enjoy have increased our happiness somewhat, but that deteriorating relationships have made us less happy. (L.88-91)解释：While our higher standard of living has probably been a source of some extra happiness, this has been offset by the worsening of our relationships brought about by the single-minded pursuit of wealth.我们当前享受的充分的舒适和安逸，看来有可能使我们的生活幸福一些，可是人与人之间关系的恶化又有可能降低了我们的幸福程度。句中 It seems likely that 等于It seems probable that。句中的we now enjoy是定语从句，省略了关系代词 that 。15. is central to sth.（L.13）是某事的核心Debating is central to the meeting. 辩论是这次会议的核心内容。His preoccupation with history is central to his work. 对历史的专注是他的工作首要之处。II. Useful Words and Expressions （Text B）1. wear out (L. 9) 穿破； 用坏她开始散步后，鞋子破得很快。Her shoes wear out quickly when she goes walking.毛巾反复使用，直到用坏为止。The towel was used again and again until it wore out.2. temporary a. (L. 19) 暂时的； 临时的在找到满意的工作前，他做临时工作。He did a temporary job before he could find a satisfactory one.他虽符合这个IT公司临时主席的职位要求，但为了能有更多的时间和家人共享天伦，他还是决定不申请。Although he was qulified for the post of Temporary Chairperson of the IT company, he decided not to apply so that he could spend more time with his family.3. spiritual a. (L.29) 精神的；精神上的剧院是她精神上的归宿。 The theatre is her spiritual home.我们需要物质上的幸福和精神上的幸福。We need both material and spiritual happiness.4. other than (L. 44) 除了以外除了一个小妹妹外，她没有其它近亲属了。Other than one little sister, she has no close relatives.除了游泳之外，你别无他法到达那里。You cant get there other than swimming.5. cultivate vt. (L.50) 培养；发展他培养了对艺术的爱好。 He cultivated a love of art.主动与同学发展良好的关系会对你有好处的。It helps if you go out of your way to cultivate a good relationship with your classmates.6. take pains (L.68) 尽力；费心玛丽尽力写好报告并按时上交。Mary took pains with her report and handed it in on time.他煞费苦心确保每个人都吃好。He took pains to see that everyone ate well.7. purchase vt. (L.80) 购买 他买了一辆这些年来梦寐以求的车。He purchased a car he had dreamed for years.吉尔先生在当地的拍卖会上见到了这一手稿，并花两千美元买了下来。Mr. Gill spotted the manuscript at a local auction and purchased it for $2,000.8. inform vt. (L. 50) 通知；告知信息他给她写了信，把情形告诉她。He wrote to her, informing her of the situation.护士告诉我们探视时间已经结束。The nurse informed me that visiting hours were over.IIIKeys to the ExercisesEnhance Your Language AwarenessWORDS IN ACTIONWorking with Words and Expressions1. 1) inform 2) evaluate 3) attractive 4) depression 5) leisure 6) Collective7) decreased 8) spiritual 9) religious 10) temporary 11) scales 12) cultivate13) suggests 14) purchase 15) inevitabe 16) enable 17) reinforced 18) comparison19) occupations 20) destructive2. 1) work out 2) have a clear conscience 3) other than 4) fact of life 5) as a whole6) relative to 7) point of view 8) in terms of 9) in part 10) took pains11) in effect 12) serve as 13) Leavewith 14) wore out 15) better off16) has a great deal to do with 17) fromderivesIncreasing Your Word Power1. 1) 反攻，反击 2）反要求；反诉 3）对策；对付措施 4）对应的人/物，对手 5）产生相反效果的 6）抗癌的 7）防冻剂 8）防污染的 9）反对吸烟的 10）不合群的；反社会的2. 1) decrease 2) ranking 3) concept 4) suggest 5) central, key 6) way, pattern7) aim, goal, end 8) buy 9) seek 10) norm, criterion 11) position12) total, amount 13) short-term 14) honest 15) sort 16) inevitale3. 1) total 2) current 3) ideal 4) relatives 5) alternative 6) objective 7) individual 8) maximumGRAMMAR REVIEW1. 1) was the law 2) could he free himself from feelings of guilt 3) will he now 4) have I faced so difficult a choice 5) are visitors allowed to feed the animals in the zoo 6) had we started lunch when the doorbell rang 7) she told me did I realize the mistake I had made 8) can you buy shoes like that 9) did he protest 10) I known what was going to happen2. 1) Your picture / painting is far / much more beautiful. 2) If only I could do half as well as you (have done)! 3) The publishing house has produced twice as many books as it did last year. 4) We had to do more work for less money.5)While people arericher in material wealth,their spiritual life ispoorer.CLOZE1) whole 2) However 3) part 4) In effect 5) derived 6) purchased 7) better off8) take pains 9) necessarily 10) to do 12) relative 13) inevitable 14) serve 15) seekTRANSLATION1）千百年来哲学家们费尽心机从各自的角度阐述何为幸福。（take pains; point of view）For thousands of years philosophers have taken pains to illustrate / explain / interpret the meaning of happiness from their own points of view.2）刚上大学时，突然发现自己得处理所有日常事务，直到那时自己才觉得在父母身边生活真是幸福。（leavewith）When I first came to college, I suddenly found myself left with everything to deal with by myself. It was not until then that I realized that living with my parents was truly a happy experience.3）你不要总是和别人攀比，否则你可能会陷于忧郁之中，因为毕竟有许多人比你强。（comparison; depression）You shouldnt always make comparison with others; otherwise, you may be trapped in / fall into depression, for there are always many others who are better than you.4）今天人们生活比以前富裕多了，闲暇时间也多了，奇怪的是人们反而觉得生活乏味了。（better off; leisure）Today people are much better off and enjoy more leisure. Strangely enough, they find life boring / dull.5）事实上，人生是漫长而缺少兴奋的。如果期待每天都如戏剧般精彩必定会遭遇失望。（in effect; inevitable）Life, in effect, is long but short of excitement. You are sure to suffer from inevitable disappointment if you expect everyday to be as exciting as a drama.6）过于顺利的生活可能具有破坏性，因为人们没有机会学会怎样应对挫折。这能部分解释年轻人居高不下的自杀率。（destructive, in part）A life that is too easy / smooth may also be destructive because it offers no opportunity for one to learn how to deal with / handle failures /frustrations / setbacks. That / This in part explains / accounts for the high rates of suicide among young people.段落翻译（Paragraph Translation）Happiness must have much to do with money. After all, a hard life will wear out ones sense of joy. However, happiness doesnt derive from money alone. Todays society as a whole has seen dramatic improvement in the standard of living, and the majority of people are decently fed and clothed. However, are people happier today? In fact, when the mass media and commercial advertisement are still reinforcing the notion that to be happy is to possess more, people find themselves longing more earnestly than ever for a happy and healthy spiritual life: being loved, respected, feeling safe and proud of realizing their self-value. As a wise man one pointed out, happiness lies in the positive attitude one holds toward life other than how much money one earns. Those millionaires who view life as boring and empty serve as good negative examples.IV. Writing1. Writing SkillHow to Write an Invitation LetterInvitation letters can be divided into two categories as formal and informal ones. Whether to use formal or informal invitation depends on the specific event and the intimacy between the inviter and the invitee. An invitation letter should be brief and passionate.After receiving an invitation, the person invited should give a clear reply whether the invitation is accepted or not.An invitation letter includes:1) the warm invitation2) the event3) the expectation that the invitee will comeA reply to it includes: thanks + come or not + reasonsUseful sentences for an invitation:1) We have pleasure in inviting you to our dinner party.2) I am happy to invite you to visit our college.3) We sincerely hope that you can attend.4) It would be an honor to me if you would accept our invitation.5) We would appreciate i