现代大学英语5册修辞解释(1、4、5、9四单元).doc

1. Where do we go from here?,as long as the mind is enslaved, the body can never be free. Antithesis: mind vs. body; enslaved vs. free. 对仗手法psychological freedom is the most powerful weapon against the long night of physical slavery. Metaphor: comparing the long history of slavery to a long night. The word” night” is used here to indicate a period of darkness and gloom, a period of moral degeneration.,love is identified with a resignation of power, and power with a denial of love. Antithesis: the speaker works on the two words ”love” and “power” in order to bring out the contrast.what is needed is a realization that power without love is reckless and abusive, and love without power is sentimental and anemic. Parallel structurepower at its best is love implementing the demands of justice, and justice at its best is power correcting everything that stands against love. Parallel structurewives and children will diminish when the unjust measurement of human worth on the scale of dollars is eliminated. Metaphorit is something like improving the food in the prison while the people remain securely incarcerated behind bars. Similewithout recognizing this we will end up with solutions that dont solve answers that dont answer and explanations that dont explain. Paradox and parallel structureyou may murder a murder but you cannot murder murder Antithesis and parallel structure and I have seen too much hate too great a burden to bear. Parallel we are called upon to help the discouraged beggars in lifes marketplace. Metaphor let us be dissatisfied parallel structure antithesis: Dark yesterday vs. bright tomorrow metaphor and simile biblical allusion( 典故) anaphora(首语重复法)there will be those methods when the buoyancy(浮力，轻快的心情) of hope will be transformed into the fatigue of despair. Antithesis when our days become darker than a thousand midnights, let us remember that there is a creative force in this universe, working to pull down the gigantism mountains of evil, a power that is able to make a way out of no way and transform dark yesterdays into bright tomorrows. Let us realize the arc of the moral universe is long but it bends towards justice. metaphor antithesis paradox 4. Professions for women Metaphor（暗喻）（1） killing the angel in the house（2） The process of fishing is compared to the process of creative writing.(58页中间)（3） Not only space for living,but also space for creative activity. Here a room is compared to freedom,while the house is compared to the whole society.（58页下面） Metonymy（转喻）“the White House” for “the president”, “the crown” for “the king” or for “the queen” 5. Love is a fallacyit is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect Hyperbole夸张it is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful. Antithesis对仗对偶, “beautiful dumb” and “smart” are balanced against “ugly smart” and “beautiful” back and forth his head swiveled旋转, desire waxing, resolution waning Antithesis对仗对偶, “desire waxing” is balanced against “resolution waning” he just stood and stared with mad lust at the coat Hyperbole,夸张 its an exaggeration to describe his longing for the coat as “mad lust”I will wander the face of earth, s shambling, and hollow-eyed hulk Hyperbole（夸张）1. Metaphor(para.5) a giant intellect (para.34) the field would be open (para.61) the size of my task (para.78) a wave of despair(para.98) the extinct crater in her mind; embers; flame(para.118) a glimmer of intelligence (para.138) the tide of panic3. metonymy 转喻(para20) My brain, the precision instrument, slipped into high gear.The precision instrument my brain is compared to an instrumentGear my brain is compared to a machine. 4. antithesis 对仗对偶(para27) It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dump girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful. Smart dump; beautiful ugly(para.50) desire waxing; resolution waning5. alliteration 押头韵(para.23) let my heart rule my head(para.50) desire waxing; resolution waning6.parallelism 排比(para.25-para.27) Beautiful she was. Gracious she was. Intelligent she was not7. Hyperbole夸张(para.42) he repeated fifteen of twenty times8. Parody仿拟:(para.53) “Whats Polly to me or me to Polly?”-“Hamlet”第二幕第二场:”Whats Hecuba to him or him to Hecuba that should weep for her?”(para.97) a logic-proof head e.g. water-proof; dust-proof; shock-proof9.allusion 用典Pygmalion: the sculpture loved by his creatorFrankenstein: the creature who destroyed his creator10. Simile(para.147) bellowing like a bull 9. The way to rainy mountainMetaphorand in summer the prairie is an anvils edge. (paragraph 1)personificationAt a distance in July or August the steaming foliage seems almost writhe in fire. (paragraph 1)Similepopping up like corn to sting the flesh. (paragraph 1)synecdochemetaphorMy grandmother was spared the humiliation of those high gray walls by eight or ten years, but she must have known from birth the affliction of defeat, the dark brooding of old warriors. (paragraph 3)Metonymy and their ancient nomadic spirit was suddenly free of the ground. (paragraph 4)Simile The skyline in all directions is close at hand, the high wall of the woods and deep cleavages of shade. (paragraph 6)AlliterationThis is a perfect freedom in the mountains, but it belongs to the eagle and the elk, the badger and the bear. (paragraph 6)The Kiowas reckoned their stature by the distance they could see, and they were bent and blind in the wilderness. (paragraph 6)SimileThe great billowing clouds that sail upon it are shadows that move upon the grain like water, dividing light. (paragraph 7)Similethey could see the dark lees of the hills at dawn across the Bighorn River, the profusion of light on the grain shelves, the oldest deity ranging after the solstices. (paragraph 7)simile personificationAt the top of a ridge I caught sight of Devils Tower upthrust against the gray sky as if in the birth of time the core of the earth had broken through its crust and the motion of the world was begun. (paragraph 8)Metonymy There are things in nature that engender an awful quiet in the heart of man; Devils Tower is one of them. (paragraph 8)Synecdoche MetonymyThere, in a very little while, wood takes on the appearance of great age. (paragraph 11)Synecdoche MetaphorThe windowpanes are black and opaque; you imagine there is nothing within, and indeed there are many ghosts, bones given up to the land. (paragraph 11)AlliterationThe aged visitors who came to my grandmothers house when