英语的四字格.doc

四字格How fine is it to enter some old town, walled and turreted(塔状的), just at approach of nightfall, or to come to some straggling(错落的) village, with the lights streaming through the surrounding gloom; and then after inquiring for the best entertainment that the place affords, to take ones ease at ones inn!“就在夜幕降临的时分，我们步入到有着城墙和角楼的古老的城镇，或来到一个错落有致的村庄，灯河蜿蜒着穿过无边的夜幕；我们会询问哪里有最好吃的美味佳肴，然后到“旅店舒舒服服地放松一下”，这该是多么美好的事情！I. 语言优势 1. 有助于笔墨经济，以少胜多 Scientific exploration, the search for knowledge has given man the practical results of being able to shield himself the calamities of nature and the calamities imposed by other man. 科学的探索，知识的追求，使人类获得了避免天灾人祸的实力。 With ten years of Sorbonne and prospect of a Nobel, Pierre was a raising star in the galaxy of scientists. 皮埃尔在索邦大学任教十年，并有希望获得诺贝尔奖金，因而在科学界名流中是后起之秀。 2. 有助于译文通顺流畅，雅俗交融 Although lonely in a new land, Matzeliger was described by his fellow workers and students as cheerful, of a friendly nature, honest, and modest. 虽然马泽利格单身一人，又生活在异乡客地，但正如他的同事和学生所描述的那样，他为人活泼开朗，温文尔雅，诚实谦虚。 Since modern western culture is highly diverse, something that has faded completely from one segment of a society can still flourish in another. 鉴于现代西方文化千差万别，有些事物在某个社会的一部分地区已经完全销声匿迹，而在另一部分地区可能仍然方兴未艾。 3. 提高译文语言的整齐匀称和韵律感 The dust, the uproar and the growing dark threw everything into chaos. 烟尘滚滚，人声嘈杂，夜色愈深，一切都陷入混乱之中。 If this was a time of triumph of the many, it was a painful period for the few. 多数人兴高采烈之日，却是少数人伤心失意之时。 Peter has always enjoyed claiming that it was he but not George, who was the first to reach the summit of the mountain. 彼得一直津津乐道的是，第一个到达山顶的实际上不是乔治，而是他自己。 4. 切忌盲目追求辞藻华丽而超出“信”的范围 This aircraft is small, cheap, pilotless. 原译：这种飞机小巧玲珑，物美价廉，无人驾驶。 改译：这种飞机体积不大，价格便宜，无人驾驶。 After the fall of Troy she was reunited with Menalaus. 原译：特洛伊沦陷之后她又与墨涅拉俄斯破镜重圆。 改译：特洛伊沦陷之后她又与墨涅拉俄斯重新团聚。II. “四字格”词组的场合使用 1. 英语原文中的非成语译成汉语四字格，使译文生动有力。 A. 原文的单词译作成语 Love is a climatea climate of the heart. 爱的情感是一种气氛一种心心相印的气氛。 Over the past several weeks, she had grown increasingly restless. 过去几周，她越来越六神无主。 It is clear that he was one of the outstanding pilots in the whole program. 事实很清楚，在整个执行计划中他是出类拔萃的驾驶员之一。 I was nervous before crowds. 我在大庭广众之前感到紧张。 To many Americans, China is still a faraway place- unknown, unseen, and fascinating. 时至今日，仍然有许多美国人觉得中国远在天涯海角，鲜为人知，令人心驰神往。 B 原文的短语译作汉语四字格 The problems of the human environment are, to some of us, an old story. 人类环境问题对我们之中某些人来说是老生常谈。 They scoffed at him and walked away. 他们奚落他一番后扬长而去。 But against the vast expense of the sky, the parachute looked very small. 但和广阔无垠的太空相比，降落伞看起来是沧海一粟。 2. 原文中的成语处理 Dont believe about him for he is only a sugar-coated. 不要相信他，因为他只是一个口蜜腹剑的人。 Why do you love to find fault with someone? It seems that the only person who is right is yourself. 你为什么总爱吹毛求疵，你以为唯一对的人便是你自己。 He went through fire and flood to save his mother. 他赴汤蹈火去救他的母亲。 You have a lucky star above you. 你真是福星高照。 She is reaping what she has sown. 她这是咎由自取。 3. 四字格的修辞结构 A 运用词的重叠 In order to solve this problem, they have been working day and night for two weeks. 为了解决这个问题，他们两周以来一直日日夜夜地忙碌着。 The kid is always in rags as if he were an orphan. 那个孩子总是穿得破破烂烂，就像个孤儿似的。 You will always find his tardiness and carelessness in everything he does. 你会发现他做任何事诶那个都是磨磨蹭蹭，马马虎虎的。 C 运用四字对偶词组 Whatever initial worries we had about the plane soon vanished. 不管开始时我们对这架飞机有多么担心，这种顾虑不久就烟消云散了。 Dont fancy any longer. To you, he is absolutely a man of loyalty . 别再胡思乱想了，他对你绝对是一心一意的。 D 运用两个四字词组 But there had been too much publicity about my case. 但我的事现在已经搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。 He showed himself calm in an emergency situation. 在危急情况下，他从容不迫，镇定自若。 When he was asked this question, he found himself tongue-tied. 当被问到这个问题时，他显得张口结舌，哑口无言。Keys 1.The girl is treated very much as if she were a daughter of the family. 这家人把这个女孩视同己出。 2. She found the keys she had lost last month and was overjoyed. 她找到了上个月她丢失的那些钥匙，真是喜出望外。 3. Parents love their children and the love is perfect. 父母对子女的爱是无微不至的。 4. He was a tall, thin, elegant man with the air of thorough-bred grace. 他身材修长，温文尔雅，风度翩翩。 5. They met just once at the dinner table. 他们只是在宴席上有一面之缘。 6. They were elegant of dress, free with money, vague as to their antecedents. 他们衣着漂亮，花钱大方，来历不明。Appreciation & Review1. 不避四字格to witness the change of seasons, of spring and autumn, of winter and summer; and to feel hot and cold, pleasure and pain, beauty and deformity, right and wrong; to be sensible to the accidents of Nature; to consider the mighty world of eye and ear.眼见四季更迭，春去秋来，寒来暑往；我们亲历世态炎凉、快乐悲伤，美丽丑陋，是非短长；我们感受着大自然的风风雨雨，体念着这光怪陆离世界的离合悲欢。2. 对仗句式 We are fonder of visiting our friends in health than in sickness. We judge less favourably of their characters, when any misfortune happens to them; and a lucky hit, either in business or reputation, improves even their personal appearance in our eyes.我们更喜欢拜访身体健康的朋友而不是在患病的人。当有人遇到什么不幸的事，他们的品格在我们看来也打了折扣；而一旦幸运眷顾，不管是在事业上还是在名声上，连他们的外貌在我们眼里都变得漂亮起来。3. 古文笔法What though the radiance which was once so brightBe now for ever vanishd from my sight,Though nothing can bring back the hourOf glory in the grass, of splendor in the flower - On the Past and Future 直译曾一度如此灿烂的光芒从我的眼前永远消失又何妨，纵然什么也不能带回草丛中得意的时光与花丛中那壮丽的一刻4. 从古代美文中汲取营养 Those who are the most distrustful of themselves , are the most envious of others ; as the most weak and cowardly are the most revengeful. 一般译法：最缺少自信的人是最喜欢妒忌别人的人；同样，最软弱胆小的人是最具报复心的人。 仿古文译法：自疑者必好妒人，自怯者必好犯人。Words, like clothes, get old-fashioned, or mean and ridiculous, when they have been for some time laid aside. 一般译法：语词就像衣服一样，如果有一段时间扔在一边不穿，就会变得过时、平庸、可笑。 仿古文译法： 语词也，时装也，背时而袭之则贻笑大方也。 Here be woods as green As any, air likewise as fresh and sweet As then smooth Zephyrus plays on the fleet Face of the curled streams, with flowrs as many让这儿的树林苍翠欲滴让这儿的空气也同样芬芳清冽，轻柔的西风之神轻拂着蜿蜒小溪轻捷流动的水面，又抚弄着初春赐予的无数绽放的艳丽花朵；食品火爆腰花Sauted sliced Pigs Kidney地瓜烧(炖)肉块Stewed diced pork and sweet potatoes土豆炖豆角Stewed potato and green bean京酱肉丝Sauted shredded pork in sweet bean sauce 蘑菇扣鸭掌Mushrooms with Duck Feet夫妻肺片sliced pork lungs in chili sauce脆皮鸡 Crispy chicken北京炸酱面Noodles, Beijing Style担担面Noodles, Sichuan StyleCooking methods炸 deep firedn 炒 (爆) Sautedn 煎炸(干炸) friedn 炖 (烧)Braisedn 炖stewedn 烤 roastedn 炝,烹boiledn 涮instantn 蒸steamedn 熏 SmokedCooking methodsn 炒(爆)猪肉丝 Sauted sliced porkn 煎鸡蛋Fried eggn 炸大虾Deep fried prawnn 红烧鱼Braised fish in brown saucen 炖牛肉Stewed beefn 烤羊腿Grilled lamb legn 荷包蛋Poached eggn 清蒸桂鱼Steamed Mandarin fishn 熏鸡Smoked chickenn 涮羊肉Instant boiled lambn Fried black mushroom with green vegetable油菜炒香菇n Golden Mushrooms and Mixed Vegetables凉拌金针菇n Fried Shrimps in Hot Spicy Sauce香辣虾n Honey-stewed BBQ Pork蜜汁叉烧肉n Hot and sour beef酸辣牛肉n Pig Ear in Chili Sauce干拌顺风n Pig Feet with Soy Sauce酱香猪蹄n 麻婆豆腐 Mapo Tofu(Fried Tofu in Hot Saucen 宫保鸡丁 Kung Pao Chickenn 地三鲜Fried Potato, Green Pepper & Eggplantn 鱼香肉丝fish-flavor shredded pork n 锅包肉 Crispy Pork Sauted With Sweet and Sour Sauce n 脆皮鲜奶fried crispy creamn 饺子 dumpling Jiaozi，n 馒头 steamed-bunbread Mantou，n 包子 steamed stuffed bun Baozi， n 锅贴 Guotie，n 馄饨 Wonton n 烧麦 Shaomain 窝头 Wotou（Steamed Black Rice or Corn Bun）n 蒸饺 Steamed Jiaozi (Steamed Dumplings) n 油条 Youtiao (Deep-Fried Dough Sticks) n 汤圆 Tangyuan (Glutinous Rice Balls) n 粽子 Zongzi (Glutinous Rice Wrapped in Bamboo Leaves) n 元宵 Yuanxiaon 北京烤鸭是一种风味独特的中国传统名菜, 已有300多年历史.n 以北京鸭为原料. 鸭色枣红, 鲜艳,油亮, 皮脆, 肉嫩, 味美适口,别有奇香,久吃不腻, 营养丰富. n The main ingredient of the dish is Beijing duck.n The color of the Beijing roast duck is purplish red and shiny bright. Its skin is crisp and the meat is tender. Its taste is great and has a special aroma which one is never tired of. It is also very nutritious.读万卷书, 行万里路, 观国之光Travel ten thousand li, Read ten thousand books, Appreciate the landscape through sightseeing. Blessed with excellent transportation facilities, it takes only ten minutes by car to get to the renowned scenic spot named “Splendid China” from the city centre. The spot is easy of access both by CTS (Chinese tourist Service) direct tourist coach and by bus or light bus through Beihuan Freeway. Welcome to Splendid China. 锦绣中华是一个著名景点。从市中心乘车、经北环高速公路10分钟即可到达，交通极为便利。中国旅行社的直通旅游巴士、公交车或小型巴士均可抵达。欢迎您到锦绣中华来!Centuries after century, winds blow yellow sand around the pyramids. Rulers have come and gone. Everything seems to change except the pyramids. The remain a 5000-year-old puzzle.五千年来, 狂风尽扫, 黄沙漫卷, 多少朝代兴盛衰微, 文治武功皆为过眼云烟. 唯独这金字塔, 依然屹立, 赫赫威仪, 仍为千年不解之谜.Public signs 名胜古迹 n scenic spots and historical sites n places of historic interest and scenic beautyn Places of interest旅游胜地Tourist attraction tourist resort不可回收 NON RECYCLABLE 不得携带火种 Do not take kindling. n 不可分解的废弃纸 nondegradable waste paper n 售票处 Ticket Office n 请勿进内No Entryn 公厕Toilet n 水是生命之源，请节约用水Please save water, the source of life. n 激情海岸 （某家西餐厅）EXOTIC FLAVOR n 阶梯上严禁站立 （公共汽车上）Dont stand on the stairs. n 请勿靠车门（地铁车上）DO NOT LEAN AGIANST THE DOOR n 不得损坏公厕的各种设施No ruining any kind of facilities in the toilet. 颜色Pre-class exercise1 Mr. white is a very _white_(忠实可靠)man.2 He was looking rather green(脸色不好)the other day.3 He has been feeling blue(闷闷不乐)today.4 When I saw him, he was in a _brown mood(心事重重).5 I hope hell soon be in the pink (振作起来)again.green hillsbrown sugarblack teato be brownbrown breadgrey hairblack in facewhite coffeeto be looking greento be blue in the face with coldwhite meata white Christmas黄书Pornography 红光满面Ruddy complexion 紫竹 Black bamboo tree 绿帽子to be cuckold 清一色All in the same color 青山绿水Green mountains and clear (blue) waters grasssilverchestnutrosyvioletcanarysalmonjadepearlcoralivorybuttermilk枣红桔红宝石红 桃红樱桃红 玛瑙红 珊瑚红铁红 粉红梅红莲红 猩红胭脂红 海洋蓝 深湖蓝 紫蓝墨蓝 孔雀蓝天蓝 绿蓝 月光蓝海军蓝宝蓝 铁蓝1.附加deep, dark, 表示颜色的深浓；Eg: deep blue; dark brown2.附加light, pale, 表示该颜色的浅淡；Eg: light pink; pale blue3.附加bright, rich, vivid,表示该颜色的明艳Eg: bright yellow4.附加dull, pale, dirty, murky or darkling ,表示颜色的明暗Eg: dull purple 5. -ish，则表示该色浅或微带色Eg：yellowish 6. CompoundsEg: yellowgreen7. and,则表示花色Eg：green-and-whitered letter day“纪念日”或“喜庆的日子”to paint the town red 恭喜恭喜!让我们好好庆祝一下redfigur赤字inthered亏损red battle 血战red belt赤化区 better red than dead用于表示美国人民宁可受共产党的统治，也不要死于核战争。红利dividend 红火prosperous 红包red envelop 红运goodluck红事wedding开门红：have a good start红旗 red flag红军 red army又红又专to be both socialist-minded and vocationally proficient红旗redflag红糖brownsugar红茶blacktea红榜honorroll红豆lovepea红酒redwine满堂红红人红尘红娘Red eye Red channel See redRed ideasHave red handsRed ruin Red hat Red capRed-lit street success in every fielda favorite with sb. in powerthe world of mortals matchmaker; go-between 廉价威士忌报关通道愤怒革命思想犯杀人罪火灾红衣主教搬运工红灯区1. Whenever he got in a difficulty, he would pull a red herring across the track. 一遇到难题，他就用些不相干的事把问题扯进去。2. The application has been held up by red tape. 申请被官僚的繁文缛节所耽搁。3. My mother-in-law is coming from Canada to stay with us so I suppose well have to roll out the red carpet. 我岳母将从加拿大来和我们小住段时间，我想我们得隆重接待。4. The murderer was caught red-handed. 凶手当场被抓获了。Since my heart attack, Ive eaten more fish and fowl and less red meat. 自从我患了心脏病后,我就多吃鱼肉和禽肉,少吃红色肉类。II Green (in English Culture )1. Jealousy greenwithenvy;green-eyed2. Money; financial powerInAmericanpoliticalelectionsthecandidatesthatwinareusuallytheoneswhohavegreenpowerbackingthem. 在美国政治竞选中获胜的候选人通常都是些有财团支 持的人物。 3. Lack of experience &knowledge Thenewtypistisgreenatherjob. 刚来的打字员是个生手。 YoucannotexpectMarytodobusinesswithsuchpeople.Sheisonlyeighteenandasgreenasgrass. 你不能指望玛丽同这样的人做生意，她只有十八岁，还毫无经验。 老当益壮青春年华未愈合的伤口演员休息室不需报关的通道园艺技能赌桌Green old age Green yearsgreen woundGreen roomGreen channelGreen finger Green table III Yellow (in English culture )ayellowdog可鄙的人，卑鄙的人ayellowlivered胆小鬼Yellow look尖酸的神情 Heistooyellowtostandupandfight.他太软弱，不敢起来斗争。 YellowPages黄页（电话号码簿，用黄纸印刷） YellowBook黄皮书yellowboy（俗）金币 1. Many magazine use yellow journalism to sell copy. 许多杂志用哗众取宠办报作风来增加销售量。2. She hung yellow ribbons for her old buck . 她欢迎老朋友的归来。3. The sea and yellow leaf figuratively refers to the old age.海和黄叶喻指老年。黄色刊物Blue periodical黄色软件Blue software 黄花菜Day lily buds IV Blue Theyfeltratherblueafterthefailureinthefootballmatch. 球赛踢输了，他们感到有些沮丧。Shelooksbluetoday.Whatsthematterwithher? Sheisinholidayblue. 她今天显得闷闷不乐，出了什么事情？ 她得了假期忧郁症。 bluetalk下流的言论 bluevideo 黄色录象 He is a real blue blood.他是真正的贵族。blue-sky market露天市场outofthe blue意想不到 onceinablue千载难逢 drinktillallsblue一醉方休 白开水plainboiledwater 白菜Chinesecabbage 白字wronglywrittenormispronouncedcharacter 白费事allinvain清白无辜Innocent 遭白眼Be received with a blank face, awhitelie善意的谎言 thewhitecoffee牛奶咖啡whiteman善良的人，有教养的人 white-livered怯懦的 whiteelephant昂贵又无用之物 吉日榨尽血汗不流血的战争不夜城无尘室不眠之夜幸福的日子吸干某人的血A white day Bleed white A white war white light district A white roomWhite night Days marked with a white stoneLeech sb white White gas White hand Whitesmith White caps White alert White light 无铅汽油诚实银匠白浪滔滔解除警报公正的裁判blackintheface脸色铁青 tolookblackatsomeone怒目而视 黑心evilmind黑手evilbackstagemanipulator黑幕insidestory黑线asinisterline黑手党Black hand黑市free market 凶日blackday暗淡的前途blackfuture 黑线asinisterline害群之马blacksheep凶日blackday暗淡的前途blackfuture Black dayBlack strangerBlack artA black mark Black despairBlackguard Black ball Black list Black sheep A black-letter dayBlack swan 凶日陌生人妖术污点绝望恶棍反对票黑名单败家子倒霉的一天稀罕的事1. Waiter: What coffee would you like, black coffee or white coffee? 服务员：您喜欢什么咖啡，纯咖啡还是牛奶咖啡？2. The Black Death once caused a great panic among people. 黑死病曾引起人们极大的恐慌.3. Do you consider what he said on the court that day a black lie?你认为他那天在法庭上的所说的话是不可饶恕的谎言吗？4. A black flag bearing a white skull and crossbones indicates a pirate ship. 有白色骷髅图和交叉腿骨图形黑色的旗（海盗旗）表明是一艘海盗船。1.近朱者赤,近墨者黑 直译：One who mixes with vermilion(朱红色) will turn red, one who touches pitch shall be defiled there with.意译：Good companions have good influence while bad ones have bad influence2. 天下乌鸦一般黑 直译：All crows are black.意译： Evil people are bad all over the world漆黑一团 as black as pitch颠倒黑白 call white black and black white - confuse right and wrong; 数黑论黄talk wildly; garrulous; 白山黑水 White mountain and Black water - the landscape of northeast China 1）The sun was dropping behind the farthest mountain, and the valleys were purple with something deeper than aster. 夕阳已渐渐沉没在远山的背后，壑谷间一片紫蔼，颜色比紫菀还浓。2）His arms and legs were thickly smeared（涂）with calamine（炉甘石）lotion dried to a chalky white. 他四肢上涂得厚厚的炉甘石液已干成粉白色。3）The clear, sharp cloven Carrara mountains sent up their steadfast flame of marble summit into amber sky. 轮廓分明的卡拉拉山把永恒不变的火焰似的大理石山顶插入琥珀色的天空。1） You look blue today. Whats wrong with you? 你今天看起来闷闷不乐，出了什么事？2） He is green with jealousy. 他醋意大发。3） He is a blue-blooded man . 他出生贵族。4）Her story immediately reminded me of a Chinese saying The young beautiful lady will always be star-crossed. 听了有关她的故事，我立刻想到中国的一句俗语;红颜薄命.1）His face became blue with cold. 他的脸冻得发青。2）She dressed in a very short creamy skirt that day. 那天她穿着一条很短的米色裙子。3） The sun shining on her glossy hair, gave it a metallic luster（光泽）, and it was difficult to say what was the color , dark bronze or black.阳光照在她光泽的头发上，给它涂上一层金属似的光彩。很难说出它究竟是什么颜色，是深褐色，还是黑色。1)Her eyes became moist.她眼圈红了。2）It is like a windfall, like a Godsend, like an unexpected piece of luck. 它像飞来的吉庆，像天降洪福，像意外红运。3）And over all these, set close against the golden hair and burning cheek of lady and knight is that untroubled and sacred sky. 在这一切之上， 同贵夫人和骑士金色头发和红润面颊相映衬的是一片蔚蓝的天空。1)我国的教育重点应放在培养学生全面发展的目标上。The education in China should focus on the cultivation of students abilities in an all-round way.2)远程教育属于正规教育，它打破了传统的课堂教学模式。Distance learning is a formal educational process that breaks the traditional mode of classroom teaching.3)对于绵延5000多年的中华文明而言，50年只是弹指一挥间。Fifty years is not but a too short moment for the Chinese civilization with a history of 5,000 old years.4)中国人认识到印度的优势在于他们的英语教学和软件开发。Chinese people realize that part of Indias advantage comes from its English teaching and the development of software. 5) 中国的许多传统艺术都是在中国改革开放之后才真正走向世界的。It is not until China started the reform and opening-up drive that many tr