辽宁省丹东市2020届高三英语上学期期末考试试题（含解析）.docx

辽宁省丹东市2020届高三英语上学期期末考试试题（含解析）一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）AModern people are paying more attention to exercise and many celebrities are leading the trend， while in ancient China there were also many fitness lovers Lu You： chosho As a noted productive poet， Lu You from the Song Dynasty wrote more than 20，000 poems in his lifetime According to historical records， he lived to 85 years old， the longest living poet in the Song Dynasty However， Lu You was weak as a child During his later years， Lu You started the body building called chosho Chosho was quite popular in ancient times， which was not roaring or whistling， but an elegant， serious and skillful health method People opened their body， breathed in deep and then breathed out with a long and loud cry in rhyme Su Dongpo： long run， five kilometers per day The great Song Dynasty poet Su Dongpo， or Su Shi preferred to take long runs， and he thought that only by moving your body regularly could you have a strong body He would slow down when he breathed hard， and speed up when his breath balanced Su Dongpo would run until he was sweaty， hot， blood circulating and limbs feeling refreshed Huyan Zan： cold bath There was an annual festival in November during the early Tang Dynasty （618-907）called Pouring cold， where a group of strong men， nearly bare， sang and danced in the street while crowds poured cold water on them The festival， a sacrifice to god， was thought to be helpful to body building During the Song Dynasty， Huyan Zan recovered the tradition by removing the singing and dancing parts and keeping the pouring cold water part， as a way to exercise his kids physical bodies1. What would Lu You do when doing chosho exercise？ _ A. Scream after opening his bodyB. Make a long and loud roarC. Whistle for a long timeD. Breathe deep and shout with a rhyme2. While Su Dongpo was running， he _ A. adjusted his running speed according to his breathB. kept running at a high speed all the wayC. would run until his body was tiredD. practiced Qigong during the course of running3. Why did Huyan Zan have his kids do a cold bath？ _ A. To teach them the hardship of lifeB. To honor his general-inherited familyC. To make them have a healthy bodyD. To expect them to have a long life【答案】【小题1】D【小题2】A【小题3】C【解析】1 D 细节理解题根据第三段However，LuYouwasweakasachildDuringhislateryears，LuYoustartedthebodybuildingcalledchoshoChoshowasquitepopularinancienttimes，whichwasnotroaringorwhistling，butanelegant，seriousandskillfulhealthmethodPeopleopenedtheirbody，breathedindeepandthenbreathedoutwithalongandloudcryinrhyme然而，陆游幼年体弱，晚年时，陆游开始了名为chosho的修身运动，chosho在古代相当流行，它不是呼啸，也不是呼啸，而是一种优雅、严肃、娴熟的养生方法，人们打开身体，深呼吸，然后呼啸而出押韵的可知做运动时深呼吸，用押韵喊故选D 2 A 细节理解题根据第无端Hewouldslowdownwhenhebreathedhard，andspeedupwhenhisbreathbalancedSuDongpowouldrununtilhewassweaty，hot，bloodcirculatingandlimbsfeelingrefreshed他呼吸困难时会减速，呼吸平衡时会加速，苏东坡会一直跑，直到浑身出汗，浑身发热，血液循环，四肢神清气爽可知当苏东坡跑的时候，他根据呼吸调整跑步速度故选A 3 C 细节理解题根据最后一段DuringtheSongDynasty，HuyanZanrecoveredthetraditionbyremovingthesinginganddancingpartsandkeepingthepouringcoldwaterpart，asawaytoexercisehiskidsphysicalbodies宋朝时期，胡彦赞通过去掉歌舞部分，保留泼冷水部分，恢复了传统，以此锻炼孩子的身体可知胡彦赞让他的孩子洗冷水澡使他们有一个健康的身体故选C本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几个名人健身的方法考查学生的推理判断能力和联系上下文的的能力，在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断此类的填空题一定要联系上下文，根据上下文的内容加上自己的理解，再作出正确的判断BGrowing up in England with a British father and a Chinese mother， Ive enjoyed food from both countries ever since I was able to hold a knife and fork and chopsticks! Mum has sweet memories of the food from her home town in Sichuan， and often cooks spicy dishesThanks to this， Dad has come to love hot pot! But there are still some dishes that Dad dare not try even after many years of marriage to my mother Even today he still does not take to eating things like chicken feet But I enjoy that sort of food myself Last week， I went to the butchers and asked， Do you have pigs ears？ No， the butcher said， pulling at his own ears， just these ordinary ones He must have thought I was joking Dad can cook a super full English breakfast of bacon， eggs， beans， sausages and toast with butter Mum and I just have to find a way to get him into the kitchen! He also does a typical Sunday roastWe all love roast beef and vegetables Ill never forget my first visit to China Mum encouraged me to try different kinds of food But just when I thought I could deal with all Chinese food， I came across stinky tofu， a horrible grey thing that looked and smelt like a burnt sports shoe I gathered all my courage to take a bite and was amazed to find it wasnt so bad It reminded me of blue cheese， a similarly strong smelling type of food you either love or hate Maybe Ill fall in love with stinky tofu， someday People say that one mans meat is another mans poison， but I feel at home with food from both my cultures4. What can we learn from this passage？ _ A. I have enjoyed the food from two cultures since a little childB. Because of my Mum， Dad loves all kinds of Chinese foodC. We all like roast beef and vegetables except MumD. I have fallen in love with the stinky tofu now5. What kind of person did the butcher probably think the author was？ _ A. GenerousB. MeanC. HumorousD. Serious6. What does the underlined part in paragraph 2 probably mean？ _ A. ResistB. LikeC. AllowD. Mind7. Whats the passage mainly about？ _ A. Comparing two different culturesB. Trying some different foodsC. Different eating habits in China and BritainD. The eating experiences of a mixed-race family【答案】【小题1】A【小题2】C【小题3】B【小题4】D【解析】ACBD 1 A细节理解题根据第一段 Ive enjoyed food from both countries ever since I was able to hold a knife and fork and chopsticks可知，我从小就喜欢两个国家的美食；故选A 2 C推理判断题根据第三段pulling at his own ears， just these ordinary ones He must have thought I was joking可知，他拽了拽自己的耳朵，说是就这些肉食，他一定是以为我是在开玩笑，由此可推知，屠户或许以为我是幽默的；故选C 3 B词义猜测题根据第二段Thanks to this， Dad has come to love hot pot!可知，爸爸妈妈结婚后爸爸也是逐渐喜欢上了辣的食物，But there are still some dishes that Dad dare not try even after many years of marriage to my mother但是有一些食物是爸爸从来不敢尝试的；结合后面的Even today he still可推知，take to意为like，即他依然不敢吃鸡腿；故选B 4 D主旨大意题本文属于日常生活类的短文阅读主要介绍了我作为一个中英混血儿，经历着两种不同的文化，在饮食上也是妙趣横生由此可知The eating experiences of a mixed-race family（混血家庭中的饮食经历）作为文章的标题最贴切；故选D本文属于日常生活类的短文阅读主要介绍了我作为一个中英混血儿，经历着两种不同的文化，在饮食上也是妙趣横生做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据CThe development of a V-shaped fuel-efficient airplane design known as the Flying-V will be funded by Dutch national carrier KLM Royal Dutch Airlines To improve the sustainability （持续性） of air travel， the Flying-V was developed by researchers at Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands， also known as TU Delft Its futuristic design puts the passenger cabin into the wings Its said the plane will use 20% less fuel than the Airbus A350-9-while carrying a similar number of passengers In recent years， KLM has developed as a pioneer in sustainability within its airline industry， said Pieter Elbers， CEO and president of KLM We are proud of our progressive relationship with TU Delft Air travel is contributing about 2.5% of global CO emissions （排放物）， and the industry is still growing， so we really need to look at more sustainable airplanes， said TU Delft project leader Roelof Vos We cannot electrify planes， as electrified airplanes become way too heavy and you cant fly people across the Atlantic on electric airplanes- not now， not in 30 years， Vos said So we have to come up with new technologies that reduce fuel burning in a different way Weve been flying traditional airplanes for decades now， but it seems like they are reaching the limit in terms of energy efficiency， he saidThe new design actively contributes to the lift of the airplane， and creates less air drag The planes increased fuel efficiency is largely a result of its design， Vos explained The researchers hope to fly a model this September， Vos said， while the new cabin design will be open to the public at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol in October The completed plane is expected to enter service between 2040 and 20508. What can we infer from the text？ _ A. Flying-V was developed by KLM Royal Dutch AirlinesB. Researchers at TU Delft have raised enough moneyC. 20% of the passengers will sit in Flying-Vs wingsD. KLM plays an important role in sustainability9. Why sustainable planes are needed？ _ A. To save electricityB. To reduce global CO emissionsC. To make air travel more affordableD. To develop air industry10. How does the Flying-V save energy？ _ A. Its the V-shaped design that makes a big differenceB. The idea of electrified airplanes is applied to its developmentC. It depends on a kind of more efficient fuelD. Its futuristic design leads to a limited number of passengers11. Whats the purpose of the text？ _ A. To instruct us the importance of environment protectionB. To inspire us to explore the unknown area of technologyC. To inform us of the fuel-efficient Flying-VD. To appeal to us to raise fund for technology【答案】【小题1】D【小题2】B【小题3】A【小题4】C【解析】1D细节理解题根据第四段In recent years， KLM has developed as a pioneer in sustainability within its airline industry，近年来，荷航已发展成为航空业可持续发展的先驱可知，荷航在可持续发展方面发挥着重要作用故选D 2B细节理解题根据第五段Air travel is contributing about 2.5% of global CO emissions （排放物）， and the industry is still growing， so we really need to look at more sustainable airplanes航空旅行占全球二氧化碳排放量的2.5%，而且该行业仍在增长，因此我们确实需要研究更具可持续性的飞机可知，需要可持续的飞机是为了减少全球CO2排放量故选B 3A细节理解题根据倒数第二段The planes increased fuel efficiency is largely a result of its design， Vos explained沃斯解释说，飞机提高燃油效率的主要原因是其设计可知，Flying-V节省能源是通过V型设计故选A 4C主旨大意题阅读全文，根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了由荷兰国家航空公司荷航荷航荷兰皇家航空资助的V型省油飞机的设计被称为 Flying-V故选C本文主要讲述了由荷兰国家航空公司荷航荷航荷兰皇家航空资助的V型省油飞机的设计被称为 Flying-V考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断DScientists think they have the answer to a puzzle that confused even Charles Darwin： How flowers evolved and spread to become the most important plants on earth Flowering plants， or angiosperms （被子植物）， make up about 90% of all living plant species，but how they did this has been a mystery New research suggests it is due to genome （基因组） size Hundreds of millions of years ago，the earth was dominated by ferns （蕨类）and conifers（针叶树） - they were the main plants on the earth Then， about 150 million years ago， the first flowering plants appeared on earth They quickly spread to all parts of the world Why angiosperms were successful and diverse on earth has been debated for centuriesCharles Darwin himself called it a mystery， fearing this apparent sudden change might challenge his theory of evolution Kevin Simonin from San Francisco State University in California US and other researchers analyzed data held by the Royal Botanic Gardens， Kew， on the genome size of hundreds of plants， including flowering plants， gymnosperms （a group of plants including conifers） and ferns They then compared genome size with anatomical （结构上的） features This provides strong evidence that the success and rapid spread of flowering plants around the world is due to genome downsizing By reducing the size of the genome， which is contained within the nucleus （核） of the cell， plants can build smaller cells The researchers say genome-downsizing happened only in the angiosperms， and this was a necessary condition for rapid growth rates among land plants12. What do we know about angiosperms？ _ A. They are superior in number among all living plant speciesB. They controlled the earth for hundreds of millions of yearsC. They challenge Charles Darwins theoryD. They are extinct plants in the world13. It can be implied that _ A. Simonin works in the Royal Botanic Gardens KewB. Simonin is probably an American biologistC. Darwin was confident of his theory of evolutionD. Darwin succeeded in figuring out the flower evolution14. What contributed to the success and diversity of angiosperms？ _ A. The weaker ferns and coniferB. The larger nucleusC. The stronger cellD. The smaller genome15. What can be a suitable title of this passage？ _ A. Why were gymnosperms successful on earth？B. What puzzle confused even Charles Darwin？C. Why angiosperms dominated the earth？D. When angiosperms outnumbered conifers and Ferns？【答案】【小题1】A【小题2】B【小题3】D【小题4】C【解析】1 A细节理解题根据第二段的 Flowering plants， or angiosperms （被子植物）， make up about 90% of all living plant species开花植物，或被子植物，约占所有现存植物种类的90%，可知，在所有现存的植物物种中，被子植物的数量都很高故选A 2B推理判断题根据第五段的Kevin Simonin from San Francisco State University in California， US and other researchers wondered if the size of the plants genetic material-or genome-might be important来自美国加州旧金山州立大学的凯文西蒙宁和其他研究人员想知道这种植物的遗传物质或基因组的大小是否重要可知，凯文西蒙宁可能是美国的生物学家故选B 3D细节理解题根据第六段的This provides strong evidence， that the success and rapid spread of flowering plants around he world is due to genome downsizing这提供了有力的证据，证明开花植物在世界各地的成功和迅速传播是由于基因组缩小可知，更小的基因组导致开花植物的成功和多样化故选D 4C主旨大意题根据全文和第一段的How flowers evolved and spread to become the most important plants on Earth花是如何进化和传播成为地球上最重要的植物的可知文章主要介绍开花植物是怎么占领地球的故选C文章介绍现在开花植物在地球上占有绝对优势，那么它们是怎么做到的，研究人们给出了答案：是因为更小的基因组导致的本文是科教类阅读，主要考查细节理解题和推理判断题在做细节理解题时，首先根据题目要求迅速在文章里找出相应的段落、句子或短语认真比较选项和文中细节的区别，在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）During the long holiday， did you feel bored and decided to check social media， only to find that your best friend was at the beach， that your classmate was going hiking， and that your cousin or niece was enjoying a feast？ Have you got the feeling that others are experiencing things and enjoying life more than you are？ Oh， you might feel that you are missing out (1) FOMO is the anxiety caused by a nagging （难以摆脱的） feeling that you are not taking part in the exciting and worthwhile things going on around you As is known， comparison is the thief of joy FOMO makes us check social media more frequently， leading to an addiction and a negative cycle that is hard to break (2) These include the feelings of depression， loneliness and boredom (3) You can avoid FOMO by focusing on being mindful， changing your habits， and working to be more grateful for your own life Social media is often what contributes to FOMO more than anything elseIf you are feeling very upset when seeing all of the fun that others are having，take a break from your accountsIn this case，youd better stop looking to social media for happiness (4) Besides， one of the best ways to overcome FOMO is to begin to truly appreciate what you value in your life Make a list of all the things that are important to you， including subjects， people， dreams， possessions or experiences (5) You will find the true value of your life Do remember that if you miss an opportunity， other opportunities will come A Have you ever experienced FOMO？B What can you do to overcome FOMO？C Spend some time reflecting on these thingsD You can permanently do so if you feel it helpsE The feeling is called the fear of missing out or FOMO for shortF Researchers have found that FOMO can cause serious negative resultsG If it controls you， the only thing you really miss out on is your own life16. A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G17. A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G18. A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G19. A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G20. A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G【答案】【小题1】E【小题2】F【小题3】B【小题4】D【小题5】C【解析】EFBDC 1E文章衔接题根据后文FOMOistheanxietycausedbyanagging（难以摆脱的）feelingthatyouarenottakingpartintheexcitingandworthwhilethingsgoingonaroundyou可知FOMO是由一种唠叨的感觉所引起的焦虑，你不参与你周围的令人兴奋和有价值的事情E项：ThefeelingiscalledthefearofmissingoutorFOMOforshort这种感觉被称为错过的恐惧或简称为FOMO符合文意，故选E 2F联系下文题根据后文Theseincludethefeelingsofdepression，lonelinessandboredom可知这些包括抑郁、孤独和无聊的感觉F项：ResearchershavefoundthatFOMOcancauseseriousnegativeresults研究人员发现，社交恐惧症会导致严重的负面结果符合文意，故选F 3B理解判断题根据后文YoucanavoidFOMObyfocusingonbeingmindful，changingyourhabits，andworkingtobemoregratefulforyourownlife可知你可以通过专注于正念、改变你的习惯、努力对自己的生活更加感恩来避免社交恐惧症B项：WhatcanyoudotoovercomeFOMO？你能做些什么来克服害怕错过？符合文意，故选B 4D语境辨析题根据前文Inthiscase，youdbetterstoplookingtosocialmediaforhappiness可知在这种情况下，你最好停止在社交媒体上寻找快乐D项：Youcanpermanentlydosoifyoufeelithelps如果你觉得有帮助，你可以一直这样做符合文意，故选D 5C逻辑推理题根据前文Makealistofallthethingsthatareimportanttoyou，includingsubjects，people，dreams，possessionsorexperiences可知列出所有对你重要的事情，包括主题、人物、梦想、财产或经历C项：Spendsometimereflectingonthesethings花点时间思考这些事情符合文意，故选C本文是一篇选句填空，文章介绍了长假期间，你有没有觉得无聊，决定去看社交媒体，结果发现你最好的朋友在海边，你的同学要去远足，你的表妹或侄女正在享受盛宴，你有没有感觉到别人比你更体验事物，更享受生活你或许产生了一种错过的感觉这种感觉被称为错过的恐惧或简称为FOMO做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）The train wasnt overcrowded when I was on it Though the four-hour journey was(21)， the experience would be remembered(22)in my memory A mother was sitting with her kid exactly(23)me Both of us were sitting beside the window A window seat is a（n）(24)， isnt it？ The mother seemed very young and her kid looked(25)with two bright and big eyes After a moment， the kid started staring at me，and I asked her name but got no answerShe just smiled looking at meInstead，h