高一英语语法.doc

您的潜力，我们帮您发掘期末复习专题-语法知识 V-ing一. Attribute(定语) 1表示正在进行的动作（称作分词），可用一个定语从句来替换。1)单个的V-ing形式放在所修饰词的前面。a dancing girl (= a girl who/that is dancing)a flying kite (= a kite that is flying)the suffering peasants (= the peasants who/that are suffering)the laughing audience (= the audience that/who are laughing)2) V-ing形式和它后面的词构成ing短语要放在所修饰词的后面。Who is the girl standing there?=Who is the girl that is standing there?the sun rising from the surface of the sea=the sun the is rising from the surface of the seaV-ing的主动形式：doing; 被动形式：being done 也可作定语，表示被动的动作正在进行。The large building being built(= that is being built) will be a hospital.The room being cleaned( = that is being cleaned) is our classroom.2表示用途(称作动名词)。a washing machine (= a machine for washing)a waiting room (= a room for waiting)an operating table (= a table for operating)a sleeping car (= a car for sleeping)3. 情绪、情感类动词的ing形式翻译成令人样。excite, amuse, surprise, amaze, touch, move, please, puzzle, confuse, bore, tire, frighten, interest, encourage, invite etc.a tiring speech; a confusing problem; a frightening tiger; a moving film; pleasing news; an interesting crosstalk; an inviting dish.4. 感官类动词：(闻)smell, (摸)feel, (听)sound, (尝)taste, (看起来)look, 此类动词都是不及物动词，无被动形式，因此作定语只能用V-ing形式。flowers smelling sweet(=flowers that/which smells sweet); silk feeling soft(=silk that/which feels soft); a girl looking cute(=a girl who/that looks cute); a dish tasting delicious; a song sounding nice.二、Object Complement(作宾语补足语),和Subject Complement（主语补足语）并不是所有的动词都可以接V-ing形式作宾语补足语或主语补足语，常见可以接宾语补足语或主语补足语的动词：1. 感官动词: see, watch, notice, observe, listen to, hear, feel, find, look at , smell等可跟宾语补足语或主语补足语，表示宾语或主语正在进行的动作。I saw him reading a novel. - He was seen reading a novel.(主补)I hear her singing my favorite song.-She was heard singing my favorite song. (主补) I last saw the missing boy playing near the river. (宾补)The missing boy was seen playing near the river. (主补)2. 有些动词，如catch, leave, have, keep等也常用V-ing形式作宾补或主补，表示宾语或主语正在做或一直做某事。The manager kept me waiting the whole morning.(宾补)I was kept waiting the whole morning. (主补)Dont leave the water running while you brush your teeth.(宾补)The teacher caught a boy cheating in last exam. (宾补)A boy was caught cheating in last exam. (主补)3. With+O. (宾)+O.C.( V-ing形式作宾补)He sat there with his eyes looking at the blackboard.I couldnt do my homework with all the noise going on.Exercises:1. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mothers voice_ him.A. calling B. called. C. being called D. to call2. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _Chinese in the school, most_ were from Germany.A. study; of whom B. study, of themC. studying; of them D. studying; of whom3. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A. to smell. B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt4. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found_ in the kitchen.A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked5. Mr.Smith, _of the _ speech, started to read a novel.A. tired; boring B. tiring; boredC. tired; bored D. tiring; boring6. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting7. -Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. -Sorry. With so much work_ my mind, I almost break down.A. filled. B. filling. C. to fill D. being filled8. Peter received a letter just now _his grandma would come to see him soon.A. said B. says C. saying D. to say9. I smell something _in the Kitchen. Could I call you back in a minute?A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt10. The custom, _as early as the Tang Dynasty, has a history of over 1,000 years.A. dating from B. dated from C. to date back D. dated back11.The English teacher,_ that her students were still weak at listening and speaking , decided to give them further practice.A. knowing B. known C. to know D. being known三、Subject (主语)V-ing形式作主语表示一般或抽象的、经常性的动作。1. Listening to music is one of my favorite hobbiesAs we all know, smoking does harm to ones health.2. Its no use(=useless) doing sth no good a waste of timeIts no use going there.四、Object(宾语)1介词+V-ing. a).He made a poor living by selling newspaper.The man left the party without saying goodbye. b).有些动词短语以介词to结尾的后跟V-ing形式：pay attention to, lead to, look forward to, devote to, get down to等Please pay attention to listening to your teachers at class!He devoted all his life to researching biology.2动词+V-ing有些动词只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语, 这类动词常见的有：avoid, miss, mind, dislike, appreciate, enjoy, imagine, suggest, advise, practice, finish, risk, consider(考虑), allow, admit/permit, forbid, escape, keep, stand/bear, cant help doing等。I suggested him/his reading this novel.We are considering flying to Egypt for the coming holiday.五、Predicative表语1. My favorite pastime is listening to music.His job is teaching physics.2. 情绪、情感类动词的ing形式翻译成令人样。excite, amuse, surprise, amaze, touch, move, please, puzzle, confuse, bore, tire, frighten, interest, encourage, invite etc. The speech he made was encouraging. The film was so moving that we were all moved to tears.Exercises:1.All the staff in our company are considering _to the city centre for the fashion show.A, to go B. going C. to have gone D. having done2.You cant imagine what difficulty we had _ home in the snowstorm.A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking3. -Can I smoke here? -Sorry. We dont allow _ here. A. people smoking B. people smoke C. to smoke D. smoking4. It is difficult to imagine his _ the decision without any consideration. A. accept B. accepting C. to accept D. accepted5. Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _ the answers ready will be of great help. A. To have had. B. Having had C. Have D. having6. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks_ could be heard outside the classroom.A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and close7. -Robert is indeed a wise man. -Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _ his advice! A. to take B. taking C. not to take D. not taking8. As a result of serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area_. A. need repairing B. needs to repair C. needs repairing D. need to repair9. -There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man. -My goodness! I cant imagine _ that old. A. to be B. to have been C. being D. having been10. Isnt it time you get