莎士比亚论文：从神话原型视角论李尔王中的人物与意象.doc

莎士比亚论文：从神话原型视角论李尔王中的人物与意象【中文摘要】李尔王历来被认为是莎士比亚伟大悲剧之一,该剧主要讲述了李尔王将王权拱手让人之后,受到了两个女儿的抛弃和暴风雨的洗礼,并在弄人陪伴下经受住种种磨难的考验,在小女儿的关怀下恢复理智从而走向心智的成熟。评论家和学者对这部剧的探索从未停止过,对其从不同角度进行了分析,但是运用神话原型批评对此剧进行系统而细致的探讨并不多见。神话原型批评在20世纪后半期非常具有影响力,其本质上是一种帮助批评家将文学作为一个有机整体加以研究的文学批评理论,它注重文学意象与神话原型之间的紧密联系,因此要求批评家对包括神话在内的原型在一部文学作品的整体结构中所起的作用加以审视。考虑到这部剧中隐藏着的大量神话原型,本文运用神话原型理论,对李尔王进行重新阐释,以挖掘更深层的意义。本文在概述神话原型批评理论之后,分别从原型人物和原型意象这两个层面对李尔王进行原型分析。替罪羊原型,小丑原型以及坏妈妈,好妈妈原型在此剧中均有展现。除此之外,剧中含有大量的原型意象,暴风雨是此剧的中心意象,还有衣服,诅咒以及“什么也没有”都具有深层的象征意义。从对李尔王中人物及意象原型的分析,可以看出莎士比亚通过专横跋扈的李尔“人性”复得的艰难过程的描绘,通过考迪利亚这一美好形象的塑造,以及邪恶力量最终遭到惩罚的情节的处理,形象地说明了当时社会风气的急转直下,父不父,子不子,纲常伦纪完全破灭,同时也指出人生的意义在于历尽千锤百炼,在痛苦的磨练中寻求人生的升华。本文共分五大部分:第一部分对莎士比亚及其戏剧李尔王作了简要介绍,回顾过去中外评论家对李尔王的评论,并阐明本文的选题动机和意义。第二部分介绍本文所运用的理论,首先分析了神话原型的概念,然后介绍了此理论的发展历程和此领域三位杰出的评论家。第三部分从李尔王,弄人,李尔王的三个女儿的角度分析了李尔王中的人物原型,其中李尔王是整个国家的替罪羊;弄人是李尔王的使者,指引李尔王由疯癫走向成熟;对于三个女儿,刚乃绮和里根是坏妈妈原型而考地利亚则完全是好妈妈原型。第四部分分析了作品中的原型意象并指出其象征意义:暴风雨象征着惩罚与净化,衣服代表着人物身份的变化,预兆表达着人物的思想,“什么也没有”则包含着一切。第五部分总结全文并指出文章的不足之处和该选题继续研究的可能性。【英文摘要】Generally acknowledged as one of Shakespeares great four tragedies, King Lear relates that what follows Lears abdication of throne is his two elder daughtersabandonment and the storm baptism. Going through all sorts of tribulation with the accompany of the fool and coming to his sense under his little daughters care, King Lear finally achieve his maturity in mind. King Lear has been exployed from various perspectives by critics so the explanations upon it emerge in an endless stream, but it is a rare thing to see a systematic and detailed analysis on this play from the perspective of archetypal criticism. Archetypal criticism has been influential during the latter half of 20th century, which is, in essence, a theory of literary criticism aiming to help critics study literature as one theoretic system and focusing on the close connection between literature images and mythical archetypes, on which account, this theory demands critics to review the role that archetypes play in the whole structure of a literary work. Considering the plentiful archetypes burried in this play, this thesis, adopting archetypal theory, is dedicated to exploring the deeper meaning hidden in the lines by analyzing relating elements of myths in the play.Started with a brief review of archetypal criticism, this thesis studies the archetypal elements in King Lear from two layers: archetyapl characters and archetypal images. The archetypes such as scapegoat, trickster as well as terrible and good mother have their show in this play. In addition, there are many archetypal images in this play among which the storm is the center image, and other images such as clothing, omens and“nothing”all of which with deep symbolic significance.From the analysis on archetypal characters and archetypal images in King Lear, it is clear that Shakespeare, through modeling the good image of Cordelia and giving the punishment upon evil forces, vividely shows the downhill of social morality, father of non-father, son of non-son and the evaporation of ethics and points out that the very essence of human life is to go through water and fire during which to search subliamtion of life.The thesis consists of five chapters:The first chapter is the introduction to the writer William Shakespears and his play King Lear, and the literature review of this work by critics abroad and at home as well as the reason and the significance of this thesis.The second chapter is the presentation of the theory adopted in the thesis which at first analyzes the concept of myth archetypes and then shows its development history as well as three outstanding critics in this area. The third chapter analyzes the archetypal characters in King Lear from the aspects of King Lear, the fool and Lears three daughters, among whom King Lear is the scapegoat of the whole country; the fool leads King Lear to finish his way from ignorance to richness; for the three daughters, Goneril and Regan are the terrible mother archetype while Cordelia the good mother.The fourth chapter analyzes the archetypal images in the play and shows their symbolic meanings: the storm meaning punishment and purification; the clothing represents the change of peoples status; omens speak out characters thoughts and the word“nothing”contains everything.The fifth chapter makes a conclusion to this thesis and points out the shortage of this thesis and the possibility for futher study in this topic.【关键词】莎士比亚 李尔王 原型 人物 意象【英文关键词】Shakespeare King Lear Archetype Character Image【目录】从神话原型视角论李尔王中的人物与意象摘要5-6Abstract6-71. Introduction9-141.1 A Brief Introduction to Shakespeare and King Lear9-111.2 Literature Review11-131.2.1 Study Abroad11-121.2.2 Study at Home12-131.3 The Significance and Main Arguments of the Thesis13-142. Theoretical Foundation14-202.1 Definition of Myth and Archetype14-152.2 The Development of Myth and Archetypal Criticism15-182.2.1 James Frazer162.2.2 Carl G. Jung16-172.2.3 Northrop Frye17-182.3 The Significance of Archetypal Criticism18-203. Archetypal Characters in King Lear20-323.1 The Sacrificial Scapegoat: King Lear20-243.2 The Wise Trickster: the F