新视野大学英语读写教程1 备课笔记.doc

Unit 1Preview Traditional classroomThe ways of learning (study independently) Online courses More convenientDo not feel intimidatedThink clearly1. no longer = notany longer “不再”（和延续性动词连用）He no longer works here. （在主语和谓语之间）He does not work here any longer. （句尾）2. means(1)C (method, instrument)方式；手段；工具 单复数同形 Use force as the means of settling conflicts. All possible means have been adopted. (2)N收入，财富，金钱 A person/man of means (3)P live within ones means 量入为出 live beyond ones means 入不敷出 by means of 通过；采用方式 This is a two year course taught by means of lectures. (4) convention 惯用语 by all means 当然可以，完全可以-Can I come and have a look at your house?-Yes, by all means.3. advantageC 有利条件，好处，优势 Another advantages of bad time is that theres less competition. Theres another advantage of being poor-a doctor will cure you faster. There are many advantages to working hard. China has advantages over other Asian countries.an advantage over A 与A相比某事物的优点、优势an advantage to A A事物的优点、优势Ptake advantage of 利用I intend to take full advantage of this trip to buy the things we need.4. intimidate vt 恐吓，威胁 No one can intimidate us. intimidated adj 受到威胁的，害怕的She buys clothes from stores that Im intimidated by the sales people. intimidating adj 令人胆怯的，令人害怕的 Hes a huge intimidating figure.5. think through 想透，想清楚并得出结论He will think through his decision.Before you start your habit change, think through your motivation.6. try to do something努力做某事（还没做）try doing something 试着做某事（已经在进行中）He tried to finish the work ahead of time. -I usually go there by train. -Why not try going by boat for a change? *stop, remember, forget等 + 不定式 to do（未做） 动名词 doing（已做）Section APre-readingThe internet may be able to help you overcome your frustrations with learning English. I started learning English when I was in junior middle school. I didnt however gain command of the language in the classroom. It was only when I tried learning English through an online course that I finally became proficient. The online course was just as difficult as classroom study, but it provided better results. There were many other advantages to online learning as well. It taught me how to manage my time better to include my online studies in my busy schedule. Learning better time management has paid many rewards since.The advantages of taking online courses (1) better results than classroom study(2) better time management1. overcome vt 克服，控制，战胜Find a way to overcome your difficulties.overcome the enemy vt （常用被动语态）感情上受到影响；使受不了(with, by)The night before the test I was overcome by fear and despair.The residents were trying to escape from the fire but were overcome by smoke.2. frustration n 挫折；失败；挫败；失意 Therearemanyotherreasonsforfrustration.Frustration and mistrust are growing. frustrate vt 挫败；阻挠；使受挫折These questions frustrated me. frustrated adj 挫败的，失意的，泄气的Talk it out so that you dont feel frustrated, or bored. frustrating adj 使人沮丧的，令人泄气的The current situation is very frustrating for us.It is a frustrating and difficult time for Tom.3. junioradj 较年幼的，较年小的；三年级的，低年级的；资历较浅的 Students spend six years in elementary education and three years in junior middle school.Of course, as a junior designer I didnt get much.N 年少者，青少年；晚辈；三年级生；职位较低者 She married a man seven years her junior.It was the summer before his junior year in high school.4. proficientadj 精通的，熟练的 A great number of Chinese are proficient in foreign languages. If you are a proficient writer you can write a book or a play.n 能手，老手，专家 A proficient in music5. as well 也（too， 位于句尾） You know, computers bring troubles as well.Water comes into our systems not just from drinking but from eating as well.I can do it as well.6. rewardvt 奖赏；回报It is often necessary to reward people for their hard work, if you want them to continue working hard for you. N C, U奖赏；回报As a reward for passing the exams, she got a new bike from her parents. She got no reward for all the hard work she did. rewardingadj 值得做的，有益的，有意义的 Doing exercise can be very rewarding for everyone. She finds her career very rewarding. Passage A Learning a foreign languagePara1 Foreign language learning, a rewarding experience, is worth the effort.Para2 At junior middle school: Positive teaching method led to good language-learning results.Para3 At senior middle school: My teacher was impatient which made me lose interest in learning the language.Para4 At college: Large classes and students with better English made me feel intimidated when I spoke English, and this prevented me from learning furtherPara5 The language-learning situation changed for the better when I began learning online.Para6 Online learning is not easier than traditional classroom learning. It requires commitment and discipline to keep up with the course.Para7 There have been ups and downs with my online learning. However, I did not feel intimidated by students with better English, and I finally reaped the benefits of my hard work.Para8 Learning a foreign language has been difficult but has brought me many benefits.1. Learning a foreign language was one of the most difficult yet most rewarding experiences of my life. yet adv 然而，不过 They were born poor, yet proud.2. at times 有时，偶尔He used to go to the theatre at times. 他以前偶尔会去看看戏。At times he feels that he wants to leave his job.有时他真想辞职。3. be worth sth./doing sth. 值得.的The watch is worth more than the price. 这表的价值超出标价。Doing morning exercises is worth the time. 花点时间做早操是值得的。Hes decided to get a look at the house and see if it might be worth buying.Is the dream worth pursuing?4. positiveadj 积极的We need to take positive steps to improve the situation.adj 确实的，明确的It seems unlikely to me, but she seemed very positive.Im absolutely positive I havent made a mistake. 5. worry about 担心，烦恼Do you worry about your weight?I worry about my grades. be worried about 为担心，烦恼Dont be worried about my ability of learning English.You may be worried about your appearance.6. at the top of 在顶上 Startreadingatthetopofthepage. on the top of 在顶部的Thedawnsonthetopofthatmountainareimpressive.那山顶上的黎明予人深刻的印象。7. senioradj（地位、水平、层次）较高的Television and radio needed many more women in senior jobs.电视和广播领域需要有更多女性来担任高级职位。N C 较年长者Her husband was nine years her senior. 她丈夫比她大9岁。C（地位或等级）较高者；长辈Only the seniors made the decisions.8. be eager to do sth.be eager for sth. 盼望，渴望Jessica is eagertocommunicatewithpeoplefromvariouscultures. Finally,asastudent,heshouldbeeagerforknowledgeandwilliingtoworkhard.9. continue doing sth. 继续做同一件事（还没完成）continue to do sth. 继续做另一件事情（已经完成一件工作）After a rest, he continues his reading.After he finished reading a novel, he continued to play games with his friends.10. be different from与不同；不同于 Everyonewantstobedifferentfromothers,asaresult,everyoneisalike.11. former adj 在前的，以前的，旧时的Aformerschoolmateofminestartedatourismbusiness.n (the former)前者Given the choice between a white T-shirt and a green one, most people would choose the former because green is not popular. 12. be patient with 对有耐心A good doctor should be patient with every patient.13. in- 不，非，无 （prefix 前缀）incorrect（不正确的），incapable（无能力的），inaccurate（不准确的）inactive（不活跃的），insignificant（不重要的），invisible（不可见的，看不见的）inability（无能，无力）14. not only, but also的部分倒装not onlybut also前后连接两个句子时，not only后的句子要用部分倒装，但but also后的分句不用倒装。Not only did he come, but he also saw her.Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet. Not only did he speak more correctly, but he also spoke more slowly. Not only did they present a musical performance, but they also gave a brief introduction to the history of Western instruments. 15. unlikeprep 不像；和.不同She was unlike him in every way except for her eyes.16. far from一点都不Theprojectisfarfromperfect.I know he was hurt, but he was far from being the person who was hurt most. 17. be able to 能够 You will be able to advise us.18. a couple of 一些，几个I will need a couple of minutes to complete the report. I met him a couple of times last year. 19. be afraid to do sthbe afraid of sth/doing sthI used to be afraid _ big dogs, now Im still afraid _ big dogs. A of, to see B to , of seeing C of seeing , to D to , of 20. medium nC 媒介，媒体TV is a medium for giving information and opinions.Light travels through the medium of air.adj 中等的What size shirt does he wearmedium or large? 21. get/have/obtain access to 有权享用；可以使用People living here have access to the pool for free. If I could get access to the head offices, I could tell the management my new ideas about how to improve this company. 22. participate (in)vi take part (in) 参与，参加Some members refused to participate. Only persons aged 20 years or over may participate in this contest. 23. virtualadj虚拟的This is a virtual shopping centreadj实质上的；实际上的It is a virtual certainty that you will become the best student in this class; youve always been the best in everything. 24. commitmentN U投入, 致力，献身(to)His commitment to study has made him the most successful person in his small town.N C a promise to follow certain beliefs or actions 承诺，许诺，保证Marriage is a lifelong commitment. 25. keep up with 赶上；不落后The small child had to run in order to keep up with his brother. Im having trouble keeping up with the rest of the class. 26. disciplineN U 纪律；自制能力He did not like the army because of the strict discipline.It takes a lot of discipline to eat less and lose weight. NC 学科She has not yet decided which discipline to take at college, but she might study history. 27. minimumadj 最低的，最小的The minimum age to buy cigarettes is 18. nsing.最低限度；最少量You have to stay for a minimum of seven days. 你起码要呆上7天。The price is her minimum; she refuses to lower it any more. 28. assignmentNC 任务；作业Assoonasyougettheassignment,askforadeadline first.The teacher asked her students to finish their assignments every day. 29. as well as 既又；除之外（也）；此外 Im learning Japanese as well as English. We have shortcomings as well as good points.30. embarrassvt 使尴尬；使窘迫；使害羞; 使（公众人物、组织等）难堪；给出难题 Does your boss often pull you down and embarrass you in front of colleagues?你的老板是否经常给你拆台，并且在同事面前让你难堪？ Dont embarrass him with private things.embarrassed adj 局促不安的；为难的；尴尬的；窘迫的 He looked a bit embarrassed.an embarrassed silence embarrassing adj 使人尴尬的，令人为难的That was an embarrassing situation for me.31. once in a while 时不时，偶尔，间或I read novels once in a while to give my brain a rest.32. feel like sth./doing sth. 想要；想做I feel like a cup of tea. 我想要杯咖啡。I just dont feel like doing anything tonight. 今晚我什么事情都不想干。33.give up 停止，放弃My teacher told me not to give up no matter how difficult things become. Ive given up trying to get her to change her mind. 34. think out仔细考虑；推敲；琢磨I need time to think things out. She hadnt thought out what she was going to say at the party. 35. postvt发帖子；张贴They post notices on the Internet.36. just about几乎； 几近；大约；马上That would be just about perfect.Im just about ready.37. come across 偶然遇到；偶然发现Ive never come across anyone like her before.While I was cleaning the house, I came across some old pictures I had never seen before.38. continual adj 不间断的；不停的；多次重复的；频繁的 Write down your nightmare, or tell someone else about it to stop the continual thoughts. continuallyadv 不停地；持续地；屡屡地；一再地The Museum is continually developingtheres something new to see every year. The child was continually changing his mind. 39. reap vt 获得，得到Now they have come to reap the benefits of their hard work.现在他们该摘取他们的劳动成果了。Those who take risks often reap great rewards. 肯冒风险，才有大收获。vt收割；收获The women were all out reaping the fields. 妇女们都出去收割庄稼了。40. benefit NC 益处，好处Tourism has brought many benefits to the area. vt&vi有益于The new teaching program will benefit many students. The bank suffers while its officers benefit.41.trying adj 令人难于忍受的；难堪的；令人厌烦的 In these trying times there are many challenges ahead for the government.42. trade for用换I traded my old car for a new one. In order to pay off his debts, he had to trade his piano for money. 43. .insightNC, U 洞悉；深刻的见解The lecture provides new insights into the way we learn language. Her research has given us some insight into what sparks a childs curiosity. 44. many more 更多many more和much more 都可指“更多”。many more后接一个名词一定是个复数可数名词。若不接名词，则more本身就被看作是一个复数名词，表示复数概念。Some students are against the plan, but many more (students) support it. much more后接一个名词，这个名词一定是个不可数名词。若不接名词，则more本身就被看作是一个不可数名词。The farmers have produced much more rice. She has much more to do. many more不可能修饰形容词和副词，而much more和far more, even more, still more 等一样，可以修饰形容词和副词，表示“更加”。This TV set is much more expensive. He worked much more carefully on the new design. 45. instead of 而不是；代替They raised prices and cut production instead of cutting costs. 他们又是提价，又是减产，却没有降低成本。He took English as his major instead of Japanese. 46. reach out to接触，联系Online learning helps us reach out to new friends. 47. gapnC差距；分歧Theres a ten-year gap between Kays two children. The age gap between us didnt seem to matter until we decided to have children. bridge the gap 弥合分歧，弥合鸿沟Exercises1. estimate估计，估算；评价，评论；估量，估价 I estimate that the total cost for treatment will be $12,500. 估计，预测；报价，预算书；评价，判断 In sbs estimate at a rough estimate2. complain about/of 抱怨，诉苦；申诉，控诉，抗议Severalmonthsago,myfriendannacalledtocomplainaboutherboyfriendofeightmonths.Chinese firms complain of trouble with visas. 诉说，申诉，控告后面常跟从句She complained that he had been rude to her. complaint 3. daredare 有时用作普通动词，如，He dared to speak和 He doesnt dare to speak；有时又用作情态动词，如，He darent speak。 （情态动词）敢，竟敢 Dare she tell him.He dare not enter. 敢；敢于 Most people hate Harry but they dont dare to say so. 敢；敢做；激（某人做某事）；问（某人）有没有胆量（做某事） I dare you to sit through forty-five minutes with someone like Vincent!4. have been doing 现在完成进行时have p.p现在完成时二者有共同点，但最大区别在于现在完成进行时更强调动作的持续性。 She has been writing the letter since two hours ago.两个小时以来,她一直都在写信现在完成进行时一、现在完成进行时的谓语动词构成 have/has been working二、现在完成进行时的功能（一）表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。I have been learning English since ten years ago.自从十年前以来我一直在学英语。（动作还将继续下去） （二）表示在说话时刻之前刚刚结束的动作。We have been waiting for you for half an hour. 我们已经等你半个钟头了。（动作不再继续下去）（三）表示一个从过去开始延续到现在，可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内，重复发生的行动。She has been playing tennis since she was eight.注意：（一）表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。 I have known him for years. 我认识他已经好几年了。（二）有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子。I have been working here for five years. I have worked here for five years.我在这里已经工作两年了。（三）大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。I have been writing a book.（动作还将继续下去） 我一直在写一本书。 I have written a book.（动作已经完成） 我已经写了一本书。现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别（一） 现在完成时分“已完成”和“未完成”两种用法： 1“已完成”指的是动作发生在过去，强调其对现在产生的影响。 I have seen this film. 我看过这部电影。(意思说我已经知道了电影的内容。)注意： “已完成”这种用法一般不带时间状语，但可以和already, yet,before,ever,just,no等副词连用。 I have never said he is rich. 我从来不说他有钱。 2. “未完成”指的是动作从过去开始，且一直继续到现在。因此不能用表示瞬间性的或称短暂性的动词。“未完成”的现在完成时常与since结构或“for+一段时间”的状语连用。 I have lived here since I was born. 我一出生就住在这里。注意： “未完成”这种用法还常与until now, so far, in/during the past/ last.等连用。 In the past ten years, many new schools have been built up in our city.过去十年中我市已兴建了许多新学校。（二）现在完成进行时与现在完成时的“未完成”用法类似。它强调动作的延续，常常译做“一直在”。其基本用法有三个： 1. 现在完成进行时表示从过去开始、现在仍在继续的动作。其时间状语除了since结构和for结构外，还有all this time, this week, this month, all night, all the morning, recently等状语。 Ive been waiting for an hour and he still hasnt turned up. 我等了一个小时，可他还没来。2. 现在完成进行时还用来表示从过去开始、现在刚刚结束的动作。 Im sorry Im late. Have you been waiting long? 真对不起，我迟到了。你等了很久了吧?3. 现在完成进行时还可以用来表示反复的、连续的动作。She has been telephoned her husband, but there is no answer.她一直在给她丈夫打电话，但没有人接。4. 现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响，而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身。 Toms hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car. The car is going again now. Tom has repaired5. take place 发生，举行Elections take place every four years.The meeting will take place as planned.6. lay inOld sally lay in bed in a freezing cold room.(躺)Local leaders decided that the citys future lay in leather and fur.（在于）7. circumstance NC 情况；情形；形势 I wish we could have met under happier circumstances.N(复数) （事件发生的）情形，详情，原委 Hundreds of people had died there in terrible circumstances during and after the revolution.N(复数)生活状况；境况；（尤指）经济状况 I wouldnt have expected to find you in such comfortable circumstances.ph under any circumstances 在任何情况下，无论如何 She made it clear that under no circumstances would she cancel the trip.ph in the circumstances/ under the circumstances 在那种情况下，情况既然如此 In the circumstances,Jennys plans looked highly appropriate.8. lead to 把带到；领到；（道路）通向；导致That can lead to serious consequences.Clear questions lead to clear answers.1.While作并列连词用，意思为“而，然而”，表对比。Some people waste food, while others havent enough. The son was having a good meal at home, while the parents were working in the fields.2. not only