硝酸镍和硝酸铈水溶液共浸渍薄水铝石制备了 NiCeO2Al2O3 催化剂, 并将其用于低水碳摩尔比条件下商用液化石.doc

窗体顶端The present work focuses on the development of efficient desulphurization processes for multi-fuel reformers for hydrogen production. Two processes were studied: liquid hydrocarbon desulphurization and H2S removal from reformate gases. For each process, materials with various chemical compositions and microporous structures were synthesized and characterized with respect to their physicochemical properties and desulphurization ability. In the case of liquid phase desulphurization, the adsorption of sulphur compounds contained in diesel fuel under ambient conditions was studied employing as sorbents, zeolite-based materials, i.e. NaY, HY and metal ion-exchanged NaY and HY, as well as a high-surface area activated carbon (AC), for three different diesel fuels with sulphur content varying between 5 and 180ppmw. Among all sorbents studied, AC showed the best desulphurization performance followed by cerium ion-exchanged HY. The gas phase desulphurization experiments involved the evaluation of zinc-based mixed oxides, synthesized by non-conventional (combustion synthesis) techniques on high steam content reformate gas mixtures.Article Outline1. Introduction2. Experimental 2.1. Materials synthesis and characterization 2.1.1. Sorbents for liquid phase desulphurization2.1.2. Sorption materials for gas phase desulphurization2.2. Experimental procedure 2.2.1. Liquid phase desulphurization2.2.2. Gas phase desulphurization3. Results and discussion 3.1. Liquid phase desulphurization3.2. Gas phase desulphurization4. ConclusionsAcknowledgementsReferencesPurchase$ 31.50673Mathematical modeling of an industrial steam-methane reformer for on-line deploymentOriginal Research ArticleFuel Processing Technology, Volume 92, Issue 8, August 2011, Pages 1574-1586Dean A. Latham, Kimberley B. McAuley, Brant A. Peppley, Troy M. RayboldClose preview| Related articles|Related reference work articles AbstractAbstract | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables | ReferencesReferences AbstractA mathematical model of an industrial steam-methane reformer (SMR) is developed for use in monitoring tube-wall temperatures. The model calculates temperature profiles for the outer-tube wall, inner-tube wall, furnace gas and process gas. Inputs are the reformer inlet-stream conditions, the furnace geometry and material properties of the furnace and catalyst-bed. The model divides the reformer into zones of uniform temperature and composition. Radiative-heat transfer on the furnace side is modeled using the Hottel Zone method. Energy and material balances are solved numerically. The effect of important model parameters on reformer temperature profiles is assessed and the parameters are fit to data from an industrial SMR. At plant rates greater than 85% the model accurately predicts the process-gas outlet temperature, composition, pressure, flow rate and tube-wall temperatures. The adjustable parameters may need to be re-estimated using additional low plant rate data. The model has the capacity to be developed into a more complex model that accounts for classes of tubes associated with different radiative environments.Article Outline1. Introduction2. Mathematical model3. Numerical methods 3.1. Fitting of model parameters using industrial data4. Results and discussion5. ConclusionAcknowledgementsNomenclatureReferencesPurchase$ 41.95Highlights Model developed for industrial top-fired steam-methane reformer. Zone furnace model with 1-D fixed-bed tube model. Adjust parameters to match tube temperatures. Predict temperatures within 95% confidence intervals at high rates. Advanced models possible for wall tubes and center tubes.674Ethanol internal steam reforming in intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cellOriginal Research ArticleJournal of Power Sources, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 18 November 2010Stefan Diethelm, Jan Van herleClose preview| Related articles|Related reference work articles AbstractAbstract | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables | ReferencesReferences AbstractThis study investigates the performance of a standard NiYSZ anode supported cell under ethanol steam reforming operating conditions. Therefore, the fuel cell was directly operated with a steam/ethanol mixture (3 to 1molar). Other gas mixtures were also used for comparison to check the conversion of ethanol and of reformate gases (H2, CO) in the fuel cell. The electrochemical properties of the fuel cell fed with four different fuel compositions were characterized between 710 and 860C by IV and EIS measurements at OCV and under polarization. In order to elucidate the limiting processes, impedance spectra obtained with different gas compositions were compared using the derivative of the real part of the impedance with respect of the natural logarithm of the frequency. Results show that internal steam reforming of ethanol takes place significantly on NiYSZ anode only above 760C. Comparisons of results obtained with reformate gas showed that the electrochemical cell performance is dominated by the conversion of hydrogen. The conversion of CO also occurs either directly or indirectly through the watergas shift reaction but has a significant impact on the electrochemical performance only above 760C.Article Outline1. Introduction2. Experimental 2.1. Catalytic tests2.2. Electrochemical tests3. Results and discussion 3.1. Catalysis3.2. Electrochemistry3.3. Comparison of performance with dry and humid mixtures: effect of steam3.4. Comparison of performance with humid and syngas mixtures: effect of CO/CO23.5. Comparison of performance with syngas and ethanol mixture4. ConclusionsAcknowledgementsReferencesPurchase$ 39.95675Internal reforming of hydrocarbon fuels in tubular solid oxide fuel cellsInternational Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Volume 33, Issue 7, April 2008, Pages 1853-1858P.K. Cheekatamarla, Caine M. Finnerty, Jun CaiClose preview| Related articles|Related reference work articles AbstractAbstract | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables | ReferencesReferences AbstractThe application of heterogeneous catalysis has an important role to play in the successful commercial development of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology. In this paper, we present an SOFC that combines a catalyst layer with a conventional anode, allowing internal reforming via partial oxidation (POX) of fuels such as methane, propane, butane, biomass gas, etc., without coking and yielding stable power output. The catalyst layer is fabricated on the anode simply by catalyst support coating and reforming catalyst impregnation. The composition and microstructure of catalyst support layer as well as the catalyst composition was easily tailored to meet the demand of in situ reforming. The usage of catalyst layer as an integrated part of the traditional SOFC will provide a simple low-cost power-generating system at substantially higher fuel efficiency and faster start-ups, and may accelerate the application of SOFCs through the direct use of hydrocarbon fuels.Article Outline1. Introduction2. Experimental3. Results and discussion 3.1. Biogas and methane reforming3.2. Propane and LPG reforming4. SummaryReferencesPurchase$ 31.50676Investigation on the xylitol aqueous-phase reforming performance for pentane production over Pt/HZSM-5 and Ni/HZSM-5 catalystsOriginal Research ArticleApplied Energy, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 6 May 2011Ting Jiang, Tiejun Wang, Longlong Ma, Yuping Li, Qing Zhang, Xinghua ZhangClose preview| Related articles|Related reference work articles AbstractAbstract | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables | ReferencesReferences AbstractPt/HZSM-5 and Ni/HZSM-5 catalysts were prepared and evaluated for aqueous-phase reforming (APR) reaction of xylitol. Effects of reaction temperature, pressure and metal loading on xylitol conversion and pentane selectivity were studied. Experiments over 4wt% Pt/HZSM-5 catalysts showed that high temperature increased the xylitol conversion while high pressure led to the decrease of pentane selectivity. The xylitol conversion and pentane selectivity increased with the metal loading in the range of 03wt%, but the values decreased as further increasing the metal loading to 5wt% over both Ni/HZSM-5 and Pt/HZSM-5, indicating that higher metal loading would increase the rate of CC bond cleavage compared to hydrogenation. Under the condition of 240C and 4MPa, Ni/HZSM-5 and Pt/HZSM-5 with the same metal loading of 2wt% showed similar xylitol conversion, while the primary had higher pentane selectivity of 95% than 58% of the latter. Ni has higher activity for pentane production than Pt during the APR reaction of xylitol, while Pt has stronger effect of CC bond cleavage to produce lighter alkanes of C1C4. In order to investigate catalyst recyclability, 2wt% Ni/HZSM-5 was reused and analyzed by TG characterization. It was found that considerable amount of coke and heavy hydrocarbons were formed on the catalyst surface, which could cover the active sites and cause catalyst deactivation.Article Outline1. Introduction2. Experimental 2.1. Catalyst preparation2.2. Product analysis and catalyst characterization2.3. Experimental methods and data processing3. Results and discussion 3.1. Effect of reaction temperature on the xylitol APR performance3.2. Effect of pressure on the xylitol APR performance3.3. Effect of metal loading on the xylitol APR performance3.4. Reaction pathways3.5. Catalyst recyclability4. ConclusionAcknowledgementsReferencesPurchase$ 41.95Highlights Ni/HZSM-5 and Pt/HZSM-5 catalysts for pentane production by APR processing of xylitol. Low hydrogen pressure and metal loading below 3wt% favor the pentane selectivity. Pt exhibited stronger cleaving of C-C bond than Ni for lighter alkane formation. Alkane selectivity was controlled by coupling of CO cleavage, CC cleavage and hydrogenation.677Evaluation of membrane reactor with hydrogen-selective membrane in methane steam reformingOriginal Research ArticleChemical Engineering Science, Volume 65, Issue 3, 1 February 2010, Pages 1159-1166P. Bernardo, G. Barbieri, E. DrioliClose preview| Related articles|Related reference work articles AbstractAbstract | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables | ReferencesReferences AbstractA comparative analysis of a conventional industrial process and a membrane reactor plant for hydrogen production via natural gas steam reforming is proposed by calculating two sustainability metrics: mass and energy intensities. The analysis takes into account membrane reactors equipped with hydrogen-selective membranes (Pd-based) which can operate at milder temperature (500C) and pressure (1.0MPa) conditions and at higher CH4 conversion levels (90100%) than that achieved in conventional industrial systems. The use of the MR retentate stream to produce the steam required as feed for the reforming section is proposed and for this option a reduced mass intensity is calculated (reduced amount of fuel to the process) with respect to the conventional plant. The reduction is in the range 2532% for the MRs operated at m=3 and 4450% for the MRs operated at m=2. A more important saving concerns the energy use.Article Outline1. Introduction 1.1. Systems analysed2. Results 2.1. Mass intensity2.2. Energy intensity3. ConclusionsAcknowledgementsReferencesPurchase$ 41.95678Hydrogen generation from liquid reforming of glycerin over NiCo bimetallic catalystOriginal Research ArticleBiomass and Bioenergy, Volume 34, Issue 4, April 2010, Pages 489-495Nianjun Luo, Kun Ouyang, Fahai Cao, Tiancun XiaoClose preview| Related articles|Related reference work articles AbstractAbstract | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables | ReferencesReferences AbstractGlycerin is a low cost renewable byproduct of the biodiesel industry, and can be reformed into hydrogen. Here we describe the development of cerium promoted nickel cobalt catalysts on alumina supports for the liquid phase reforming of aqueous glycerine in subcritical water. The bimetallic NiCo catalyst was prepared using the urea matrix combustion method over a wide range of compositions both with and without cerium. TPR profiles indicated a synergism between the metals, however, the catalysts deactivated due to carbon deposition as plaques, and in some compositions due to sintering. Cerium (2CeNi1Co3) suppressed sintering and lowered methane selectivity by comparison with Ni1Co3 alone.Article Outline1. Introduction2. Experimental 2.1. Samples preparation2.2. Sample characterization2.3. Activity evaluation3. Results 3.1. XRD3.2. Catalytic activity 3.2.1. Effect of NiCo ratios3.2.2. Effect of cerium addition4. Discussions 4.1. Synergic effect of nickel and cobalt4.2. Effect of cerium addition4.3. Deactivation studies 4.3.1. XRD4.3.2. SEM5. SummariesAcknowledgementsReferencesPurchase$ 35.95679Microplasma reforming of hydrocarbons for fuel cell powerJournal of Power Sources, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 1 December 2010R.S. Besser, P.J. LindnerClose preview| Related articles|Related reference work articles AbstractAbstract | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables | ReferencesReferences AbstractThe implementation of a microplasma approach for small scale reforming processes is explored as an alternative to more standard catalyst-based processes. Plasmas are a known approach to activating a chemical reaction in place of catalysts, and microplasmas are particularly attractive owing to their extremely high electron and power densities. Their inherent compactness gives them appeal for portable applications, but their modularity leads to scalability for higher capacity. We describe the realization of experimental microplasma reactors based on the microhollow cathode discharge (MHCD) structure by silicon micromachining for device fabrication. Experiments were carried out with model hydrocarbons methane and butane in the reactors within a microfluidic flow and analytical setup. We observe several key phenomena, including the ability to liberate hydrogen from the hydrocarbons at temperatures near ambient and sub-Watt input power levels, the tendency toward hydrocarbon decomposition rather than oxidation even in the presence of oxygen, and the need for a neutral carrier to obtain conversion. Mass and energy balances on these experiments revealed conversions up to nearly 50%, but the conversion of electrical power input to chemical reaction enthalpy was only on the order of 1%. These initial, exploratory results were recorded with devices and at process settings without optimization, and are hence promising for an emerging, catalyst-free reforming approach.Article Outline1. Introduction2. Materials and methods 2.1. Fabrication of microplasma reactors2.2. Reaction testing setup3. Results4. Discussion5. ConclusionsAcknowledgementsReferencesPurchase$ 39.95680Reaction Coupling of Methane Steam Reforming and Methane Dehydroaromatization for Improving Durability of Mo/MCM-49 CatalystOriginal Research ArticleChinese Journal of Catalysis, Volume 30, Issue 10, October 2009, Pages 1022-1028Songdong YAO, Changyong SUN, Juan LI, Lijun GU, Wenjie SHENShow preview| Related articles|Related reference work articles Purchase$ 31.50681Effect of structural, thermal and flow parameters on steam reforming of methane in a catalytic microreactorOriginal Research ArticleChemical Engineering Research and Design, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 26 January 2011Ravikant A. Patil, Amarjeet Patnaik, Somenath Ganguly, Anand V. PatwardhanShow preview| PDF (1100 K) | Related articles|Related reference work articles Research highlights The temperature drop is significant near the heating layer, and tapers off near the center of the stack. When feed temperature is significantly lower, the temperature and the conversion at the center of the stack are mostly affected. For higher ratio of wall thickness to the channel aperture, the drop in fluid temperature away from the heating layer is more. Axial conduction in the direction of flow does not affect the temperature profile significantly.682Co-production of hydrogen and electricity from autothermal reforming of natural gas by means of Pd-Ag membranesOriginal Research ArticleEnergy Procedia, Volume 1, Issue 1, February 2009, Pages 319-326Giampaolo Manzolini, Federico ViganShow preview| PDF (668 K) | Related articles|Related reference work articles 683Thermodynamic analysis of carbon dioxide reforming of methane in view of solid carbon formationOriginal Research ArticleFuel Processing Technology, Volume 92, Issue 3, March 2011, Pages 678-691M. Khoshtinat Nikoo, N.A.S. AminShow preview| Related articles|Related reference work articles Purchase$ 41.95684Fuel constituent effects on fuel reforming properties for fuel cell applicationsOriginal Research ArticleFuel, Volume 88, Issue 5, May 2009, Pages 817-825Dushyant Shekhawat, David A. Berry, Daniel J. Haynes, James J. SpiveyShow preview| Related articles|Related reference work articles Purchase$ 37.95685Discrete injection of oxygen enhances hydrogen production in circulating fast fluidized bed membrane reactorsOriginal Research ArticleInternational Journal of Hydrogen E