针灸英语 Microsoft Word 文档.doc

1 The Twelve Regular Channels十二经脉：The nomenclature of the twelve regular channels is based on three factors, which are hand or foot, yin or yang, and zang or fu organ. the distribution characteristics of twelve divergent channels十二经别分布特点：separating、entering、resurfacing、joining. 2 Acupoints or points腧穴：are the specific sites where the qi of zang-fu organs and channels is transported to the body surface. 3 Classification of Points腧穴的分类：channel points经穴(the points distributed along the course of the fourteen channels are called “points of the fourteen channels,”or “channel points”for short)、extra points奇穴(extra points outside the channels)、Ashi-points阿是穴(an ashi-point refers to the site which is neither a point of the fourteen channels nor an extra point, but alsoly the tender spot instead). 4 Rules for the Effects of Points腧穴的作用：local therapeutic effects近治作用 remote therapeutic effect远治作用 special therapeutic effects特殊作用 5 Rules for the Point indications腧穴的主治规律：Rules of indication in channels分经主治规律 Rules of indication According to the Physical Region分部主治规律 6 Specific Points特定穴(refers to those points of the fourteen channels that have special therapeutic effects and are specifically named under certain categories)：five transport points五输穴(refer to five groups of points distributed distally to the elbow or knee joints, namely jing-well, ying-spring, shu-stream, jing-river and he-sea)、yuan-source points原穴(the twelve yuan-source points)、luo-connecting points络穴(are the sites where the fifteen collaterals branch out from the channels)、xi-cleft points郄穴、back-shu points背俞穴(are the corresponding points on the back where the qi of the respective zang-fu organs is infused)、front-mu points募穴、lower he-sea points下合穴(refer to the six points where the qi of the six fu-organs pours downward the three yang channels of the foot：zusanli、shangjuxu、xiajuxu、weiyang、weizhong、yanglingquan)、eight influential points八会穴(refer to the eight points which are the gathering places for the zang-organs, fu-organs, qi, blood, tendon, vessel, bone and marrow respectively：zhangmen zhongwan danzhong geshu yanglingquan Taiyuan dazhu juegu(xuanzhong)、eight confluent points八脉交会穴(refer to the eight points on the four limbs where the twelve regular channels communicate with the eight extra channels：gongsun、neiguan、houxi、shenmai、zulinqi、waiguan、lieque、zhaohai)、crossing points交会穴(era those points at which two or more channels intersect) 7 Methods for locating points腧穴定位法：Measurement with anatomic landmarks体表标志定位法 Bone-length proportional measurement骨度分寸定位法 Finger measurement手指同射定位法 Simplified measurement简便定位法 8 Acupuncture刺法：or needling, is a type of therapy that stimulates certain locations or points of the body, by manipulating needles or other similar instruments. 9 Moxibustion灸法：is a therapy that utilizes cauterization or heating with ignited flammable material applied to certain areas on the body.(Actions of Moxibustion灸法的作用：warming channels and dispersing coldness; supporting yang to rescue collapse; removing blood stasis and stagnation; disease prevention and health maintenance). 10 needle tip尖 body(shaft)身 root根 handle柄 tail尾 11 posture selection of the patient体位选择：supine posture仰卧位 lateral recumbent posture侧卧位 prone posture俯卧位 sitting in supine posture仰靠坐位 sitting in flexion俯伏坐位 sitting in lateral posture侧伏坐位 12 methods of needle insertion进针法：inserting the needle with one hand单手；both hands双手进针法(inserting the needle with the aid of the finger of the pressing hand指切 gripping and inserting the needle夹持 inserting the needle by pinching the skin提捻 inserting the needle by stretching the skin舒张)；inserting the needle within a guide tube针管 13 Direction of insertion针刺的方向：according to the direction of the channel依循行定方向 according to the points依腧穴 according to the condition of the disease依病情 14 angle of insertion针刺角度：perpendicular insertion直刺 oblique 斜刺 horizontal 横刺 15 basic manipulations基本手法：lifting and thrusting提插法 twirling and rotating捻转法 16 assistant manipulations辅助手法：channel pushing method循法 needle-scraping method刮法 needle-flicking method弹法 needle-shaking method摇法 wing-spreading method飞法 needle-vibrating method震颤法 17 Arrival of qi得气：the arrival of qi, or deqi in Chinese, refers to a special sensation produced in the area after acupuncture and certain manipulations, it is also named as the needling sensation.(针感：the operator will feel tightness around the needle; the patient will feel soreness酸,numbness麻,distension胀,heaviness重). 18 Retaining the needle留针：means to hold the needle in place after it is inserted up to a given depth in the point and manipulated. 19 Acupuncture syncope晕针：refers to the patient fainting during the course of acupuncture treatment.(Management处理：stop the needling immediately, and withdraw all the needles out of the body. Have the patient lie on his or her back and keep the patients body warm. In minor cases, ask the patient to have a rest, and give him or her some warm water or sugar water to drink. The symptoms will be removed shortly. For severe cases, patient rescue can be obtained by pinching or puncturing certain points such as renzhong, suliao, neiguan, and zusanli, or administering moxibustion on the baihui, qihai, and guanyuan. Other first aid methods should be administered as deemed necessary). 20 Hematoma血肿：refers to the swelling and pain caused by subcutaneous bleeding after needling.(deal with处理：No management is necessary for a small hematoma which will disappear by itself within a few days. if the hematoma is moderately severe with obvious swelling and pain that inhibits normal activities, it needs to be managed by applying cold compresses early on to stop the bleeding, and applying hot compresses or mildly massaging the area to dissipate the stagnated blood). 21 cupping methods拔罐方法：retaining cupping留；sliding 走；flashing 闪；blood-letting and 刺血；needle-retaining 留针拔罐法.(effects for cupping拔罐作用：free channels and dredge collaterals; promote qi and activate blood; relieve swelling and pain; dispel wind and scatter cold). 22 effects of acupuncture and Moxibustion针灸治疗作用：regulating yin and yang; dredging the channels and collaterals; reinforcing the healthy qi and dispelling the evil qi. 23 therapeutic principles of acupuncture and Moxibustion针灸治疗原则：reinforcing deficiency and reducing excess; clearing heat and warming cold; determining the foundation and branch in acute or moderate conditions; treatment of diseases according to time place and person. 24 principles of point selection选穴原则：selection of local points近部取穴(refers to choosing points on or adjacent to the diseased areas. This principle embodies the local effects of points); selection of distant points远部取穴(refers to choosing points that are far away from the diseased area. This principle represents the idea of “points of a channel are indicated for diseases located on the pathway of the channel”); selection of special points based on the pattern of a disease随证取穴. 25 methods of point combination配穴方法：combining points of the affected channel; combining points from exteriorly-interiorly related channels; combining points from the upper and lower parts of the body; combining points from the front and back of the body; combining points from the left and right side of the body. 26 qi pathways(qi thoroughfare)气街：is the direct pathway where the channel-qi spreads in the trunk, head, and face transversely and obliquely. 27 four seas theory四海：the sea of marrow, blood, qi, grain and water. 28 indications of auricular acupuncture耳穴的适应证：painful disorders; inflammatory and infectious diseases; functional disorders and allergic diseases; endocrinal and metabolic disorders; conditions. 29 principles for selecting auricular points耳穴的选穴原则：choosing the corresponding point to the location of the diseased or affected part of the body; choose points based on the visceral manifestation theory; choose points based on the channel pattern identification; choosing points is based on clinical experience; choose points as instructed by biomedical principles. 30 Channels and collaterals经络：are pathways that transport qi and blood, and connect the internal zang-fu organs with the surface and other parts of the body.(channel effects经络作用：linking zang and fu organs and communicating the internal with the External; circulating qi and blood and coordinating yin and yang; resisting evil qi and manifesting symptoms and signs of diseases; transmitting sensation and regulating the deficiency and excess. 31 facial paralysis 面瘫 clinical manifestations 临床表现：Unilateral facial weakness, numbness and paralysis, disappearance of wrinkles, enlarged rima oculi, exposure of the sclera, lacrimation, flattened nasolabial groove, and drooping mouth-angle with deviation to the healthy side. The affected side is unable to frown, to raise the eyebrow, to close the eyes, to show the teeth, and to expand the cheeks. For some patients in the beginning of the episode, there may be pain behind the ear, hyperacousia and a taste deficiency in the front 2/3 of the tongue on the affected side. 32 The course of the Large Intestine Channel of Hand-Yangming 手阳明大肠经的循行：The Large Intestine Channel the of Hand-Yangming starts from tip of the index fingerthe radial side of the index fingerthe first and second metacarpal bonesthe two tendonsthe lateral anterior aspect of the forearmthe lateral side of the elbowthe lateral anterior aspect of the upper armthe highest point of the shoulder jointthe anterior border of the acromionthe Governor Vesselthe supraclavicular fossathe lung channelthe diaphragm furtherthe large intestine.Its branch splits from the supraclavicular fossathe neekthe cheekthe gums of the lower teeththe corner og the mouththe philtrum with the opposite side of the same channelthe channel on the right hand proceeds to the left while the leftto rightthe lateral side of the nose. 33 The course of Stomach Channel of Foot-Yangming 足阳明胃经的循行：the lateral side of the nosethe root of the nosethe lateral side of the nosethe upper gumthe mentolabial groovethe posterior aspect of the mandiblethe anterior hairlinethe forehea