单词辨析近义词辨析.doc

complete:在表示动词“完成”之义时，侧重于表达完成得比较圆满。另外，complete还有形容词词性，表示“完成的，完整的”。finish：在表示“完成之义时，侧重于表示”结束了，做完了”，并没有什么好坏之分。She completed her degree in two years. 她用两年的时间修完了课程，拿到了学位。As soon as hed finished eating, he excused himself. 他一吃完就告辞离开了。annual:作形容词，意思是“一年一次的”，作名词表示“年刊、年报、一年生植物”等。annul: 是动词“取消；宣告无效”的意思。另外，annual是一年一次的，而“几年一次的”的单词拼写一般是具有一定的规律的。我们先来看下面这些词： biennial triennial quadriennial quinquennial 发现这四个词的共同点了吗？其实，这四个词依次就是“两年一次的”、“三年一次的”、“四年一次的”、”五年一次的“。他们的共同点就是“前缀+ ennial”。而对比“annual和ennial”可发现，“annual”只是将“e”变成了“a”，“i”变成了“u”，毕竟“一”在外语中一直是很特殊的嘛In its annual report, UNICEF says at least 40,000 children die every day.在其年度报告中，联合国儿童基金会称每天至少有4万名儿童死亡。The marriage was annulled last month.上个月这桩婚姻被宣告无效。affectation:指假装，装模作样；矫情。affection: 指的是一种情感，一般为“慈爱、喜爱、钟爱、爱慕”之意。I wore sunglasses all the time and people thought it was an affectation.我成天戴着墨镜，大家都觉得我在装酷。She had developed quite an affection for the place.她逐渐对这个地方钟爱有加。protect：为动词“保护之意，但其词性为及物动词，一般为protect sb.。protest：有”抗议，反对；声明“的意思。这个词相当于”object“，即英国人常说 object，美国人常说protest(If you protest against something or about something, you say or show publicly that you object to it. In American English, you usually say that you protest it)。作为不及物动词使用时，后面常常接介词，一般protest against sth/sb,protest at v-ing。 另外，protest还有名词词性，表示”抗议，声明“。So, what can women do to protect themselves from heart disease?那么，女性怎样做才能使自己不得心脏病呢？The students were protesting at overcrowding in the university hostels.学生们在抗议大学宿舍过于拥挤。staff: 其基本词义为“员工，职员“，复数形式为”staffs“.其引申义可为动词”雇用“，形容词”行政工作的，作为职员的“ 。 stiff：其词义为“僵硬的，拘谨的，呆板的”10 staff were allocated to the task. 10名员工被分配来完成这项任务。The furniture was stiff, uncomfortable, too delicate, and too neat. 家具又硬又不舒服，太不结实而且太小巧。intend : 较正式用词，但常用，指对未来的行动做出打算，并力争实现。mean : 口语多用，指怀有作某事的想法或希望得到某物，特别用于效果不好而动机良好的场合。She intends to do A levels and go to university.她计划先参加高级考试，然后去读大学。Summer is the perfect time to catch up on the new books you meant to read.夏天是把想读却没读的新书恶补一下的最佳时机if: 作“是否”解时，多用于口语，引出宾语从句，不能直接跟or not连用。 whether: 多用于书面语中，可与or或or not连用，除引出宾语从句外，还可引出主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句或与不定式连用。 He asked if I had left with you, and I said no.他问我是否和你一块儿离开的,我说不是。They now have two weeks to decide whether or not to buy.现在他们有两周时间决定到底买还是不买。improve : 最常用词，多指状态或性质上的深刻或重要改进，也可指自身能力的提高。refine: 侧重指使语言、仪态等变得文雅、优美，也可指技艺等的提高。 He said he was going to improve his football.他说他要提高足球技术。Surgical techniques are constantly being refined.外科手术的技术不断得到完善。ill : 在英国较常用，指“生病”时，通常作表语，不可作定语。在美国，ill用作表语时可与sick换用。 sick: 多用于美国，作“生病”解时，既可作表语，也可作定语。在英国，sick作表语，不指生病，而指“恶心、呕吐”。 He is terminally ill. =He is terminally sick.他已身患绝症。You make me sick!你真让我恶心！The sick child cried pathetically.那个生病的孩子哭得让人可怜。wonder :词性较多，其基本义为动词“对感到惊奇，想弄明白；惊讶”；作为名词，其词义为“惊奇，奇人奇事”；还有形容词“奇妙的，超过预期的”之意。wander:其动词词义和名词词义均为“漫步，闲逛；游荡”。Why does she want to get in there? Pete wondered.“她为什么想进那里面？”皮特心想。They wandered off in the direction of the nearest store.他们信步朝最近的商店走去。diary:是名词，其词义为“日记”。dairy:有名词和形容词两种词性，作为名词时，为“乳牛场之意”；作为形容词时，意为“乳制的”。Mary keeps a diary.玛丽每天写日记。He ran a dairy near Madison.他在麦迪逊附近经营一家牛奶场。Dairy products may provoke allergic reactions in some people.奶制品可能会引起某些人的过敏反应。desert :有名词“沙漠”的意思，作为形容词，其词义为“沙漠化的，荒漠的”。dessert：是名词“甜点”的意思。The vehicles have been modified to suit conditions in the desert.车辆已改装过以适应沙漠的环境。She had homemade ice cream for dessert.她用自制的冰激凌作饭后甜点。include :是及物动词，表示“包含，包括，计入，包住”之意。conclude:既可以作及物动词也可以做不及物动词。作及物动词时，后面可以加从句，表示“推断”的含义；作不及物动词时，表示“结束，终止”的含义。A good British breakfast always includes sausages.一顿丰盛的英式早餐总会包括香肠。Larry had concluded that he had no choice but to accept Pauls words as the truth.拉里断定自己别无选择，只能当保罗的话是真的。adapt :含义为“适应；改变以适合”。在作”适应“一解时，其后面的介词一般用”to“，在表达”改变以适应“的意思时，常常后接介词”for“.adopt:含义为“收养，采用”，为及物动词。They have had to adapt themselves to a war economy.他们不得不适应战时经济。The scriptwriter helped him to adapt his novel for the screen.编剧帮助他将其所著小说改编成电影。There are hundreds of people desperate to adopt a child.有数以百计的人渴望领养孩子。Pupils should be helped to adopt a positive approach to the environment.应帮助学生对环境采取积极的态度price：本义是“价钱”，为名词词性。作为动词时，其含义为“给标价”。prize:本义是“奖品， 值得努力争取的东西 ”。作为动词时，其含义为“珍视”。作为形容词，词义为“得奖的，作为奖品的；理应获奖的。”They expected house prices to rise.他们盼望着房价上升。The shares are expected to be priced at about 330p.这些股票的价格可能会定在330便士左右。He won first prize at the Leeds Piano Competition.他在利兹国际钢琴比赛中荣获一等奖。Military figures, made out of lead are prized by collectors.收藏家们对铅铸的军人塑像视若珍宝。technique : 多指具体的某种技术和技巧。technology:含义比technique广泛，泛指生产工艺、科学技术。What is a modern education technique?什么是现代教育技术？Laser technology is advancing rapidly.激光技术在迅速发展。1.He gave a demonstration of the new technique then and there.他当场表演了这种新的操作方法。2. Her technique is not quite up to the mark.她的技术还差点儿。3. Computer technology has come a long way since the 1970s.自70年代以来，电脑技术有了很大的发展。4. He concentrated his attention on the question of technology他将注意力全都贯注在技术问题上。5. In the wake of developments in science and technology, man has become more capable of conquering nature.随着科学技术的发展，人们征服自然的能力也越来越强了voluntary : 使用广泛，侧重不受约束，行动不为其他影响所左右。willing:着重自愿、令人愉快或急切地去行动。Hed been working at the local hostel for the handicapped on a voluntary basis.他曾在当地的残疾人救助站当过义工。Have the party on a Saturday, when you can get your partner and other willing adults to help.把聚会安排在周六，这样你就可以找自己的搭档和其他愿意帮把手的成年人来帮忙了such:是形容词，后面要接名词。so :是副词，后面通常接形容词。Thats such a beautiful vase.=That vase is so beautiful. 那真是个漂亮的花瓶。Such a fancy car must cost a fortune.这么一台别致的车一定很贵。Marthas new car is so fancy.玛莎的新车别致极了。grateful :一般来说，这个词常常用来表达对他人的善意或是帮助的感谢和感激。thankful :侧重用来描述因为不好的事没有发生，或是在经历过不愉快的经验之后而感到的宽慰与感激。She is grateful to him for being so good to her.他对她这么好