定语从句(全).doc

定语从句高考考点I、重点难点解析 定语从句是英语语法中的重点。除了在语法填空中会考到，在基础写作和任务型写作中正确恰当地运用定语从句是作文得高分的关键。另外，在阅读理解中正确理解定语从句也至关重要。常见考点：1.指物时只用that 或which 的情况2.介词+关系代词3.Whose 用法及转换形式4.as 与which的区别5.指人时that 与who的区别6.如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词7.定语从句中的主谓一致问题一、定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词从句叫定语从句，在句中起定语的作用.被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系代词或关系副词。如：The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 先行词 关系代词 定语从句二、关系代词和关系副词的用法： 关系代词和关系副词又称关系词，用来引导定语从句、代替先行词并在从句中担当一个成分。其用法见下表：定语从句的关系词词例先行词充当成分例句关系代词who人主语This is the doctor who saved my life .whom人宾语She is the new student (whom) I want to tell to you .that人&物主语、宾语（指人相当于who或whom，指物相当于which）which物主语、宾语1. Please pass me the book which is lying on the table. 2.The novel (which) Tom bought is very interesting.as物主语、宾语The earth ,as is known to all ,is round.whose=of whomof which人&物定语The professor whose daughter teaches you English is Dr. Williams关系副词when=atinonduring which时间状语Well never forget the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded.where=atinto which地点状语This is the house where he lived.why=for which原因状语I know the reason why she works so well.三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句从句与先行词的关系从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整或不明确。从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果省去,主句的意思仍然清楚或完整标 点从句和主句之间不用逗号分开从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开关系代词指人who (that) whom指人who（作主语）whom（做宾语）指物which (that)指物which人和物的whose人和物的whose关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省去关系代词一般不可省修饰从句只修饰一个名词或代词可以修饰一个词也可修饰整个主句翻译定语从句译在被修饰词的前面定语从句通常被译成另一个独立的句子四、关系词的选用1只能用that做关系代词的情况：只能用that做关系代词的情况例句1当先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none, one等不定代词时(something除外)Pay attention to everything that I do.2当先行词被All, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时He has little time that he can spare.3当先行词被序高考资源网数词或形容词最高级修饰时This is the best novel (that) have read.4如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时They were talking about the person and things that they remembered in school.5当先行词被the only, the last, the way, the same等等修饰时This is the last time that I I want to see you.6.在疑问词who, which, what开头的特殊疑问句中,为了避免重复只用thatWhich of the students that knows something about history.7当定语从句为there be 句型时，关系代词只能用that,也可以省略This is the fastest train (that) there is to Beijing.8当指人或物的关系代词在定语从句中做表语时，关系代词只能用that,也可以省略China is not the country (that) it was. 2指物只能用which 不用that的情况:只能用which 不用that的情况:例句1在非限制性定语从句中St Petersburg, which was once called Leningrad, is a very beautiful city.2在介词后面This is the room in which we lived last year.3指人时只能用who不用 that的情况: 只能用who不用 that的情况例句1先行词为one, ones，those，anyone，he时 Those who break the law must be punished.4 as与whichas与which均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as: 多用as的情况:例句1与such或the same连用时，一般用asSuch books as you read are interestingSuch money as he earned was spent on books.2as 引导的从句可以放在句首, as 表“正如.正象”之意As we all know, the earth is round.五、定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致:1.I am not one who is afraid of difficulty2.Dont choose me, who am not fit for this jobII、实战演练用恰当的关系代词或关系副词填空： 1. Because of my poor memory, all _ you told me has been forgotten.2. Do you remember those days _ we spent along the seashore very happily? 3. Those _ want to go please sign their names here. 4. The man _ you are going to make friends is my fathers neighbour.5. Finally, the thief handed over everything _ he had stolen to the police. 6. This is the factory _ we worked a year ago.7. Jack is pleased with what you have given him and all _ you have told him.8. Do you work near the building _ colour is yellow?9. They stayed with me three weeks, _ they drank all the wine I had.10. He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, _ was unexpected.11. The old man had three sons, all of _ died during World War . 12. I have bought two pens, both of _ write well. 13. Do you know the reason _ she has changed her mind?14. _ was expected, he succeeded in the exam.15. We should read such books _ will make us better and wiser. 、定语从句解题模板模板一 考查基本关系代词&关系副词解题步骤：1） 确定空格前的名词（找到先行词）2） 把这个名词放入空格中，看整个定语从句是否通顺3） 若通顺则填关系代词4） 若不通顺则需在名词前加介词介词+关系代词填关系副词特例：reason，way等1Do you still remember the chicken farm _we visited three months ago?（05春招）Awhere Bwhen Cthat Dwhat2Did Jack come back early last night?（05福建）Yes. It was not yet eight oclock he arrived home.Abefore BwhenCthat Duntil3I walked in our garden, _ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.（05辽宁）Awhich BwhenCwhere Dthat4Mary wrote an article on the team had failed to win the game .（05全国）Awhy Bwhat Cwho Dthat5Danby left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon.（05浙江）Awho Bthat Cas Dwhich6A warm thought suddenly came to me_I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday（06安徽）Aif BwhenCthat Dwhich7Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont.（06北京）Awho; 不填 B不填; who Cwho; who D不填; 不填8With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _ he was a man of action.（06湖南）Awhich BthatCwhat Dwhether9Do you have anything to say for yourselves?Yes ,theres one point_we must insist on.（06江西）Awhy BwhereChowD/10In an hour, we can travel to places would have taken our ancestors days to reach.（06上海）Awhere BwhenCwhichDwhat11.Its thirty years since we last met. But I still remember the story, believe it or not,_ we got lost on a rainy night.（06四川）A. which B. that C. what D. when12. Where did you get to know her? It was on the farm _ we worked. 2007 山东卷 Athat Bthere Cwhich Dwhere 13. After graduation she reached a point in her career_ she heeded to decide what to do. 2007 江西卷 A.that B.what C.which D.where14. Some pre-school children go to a day care center, _they learn simple games and songs. 2007 全国卷I A. then B. there C. while D. where15. Today, well discuss a number of cases _ beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 2007 陕西卷A.which B.as C.why D.where16. The thought of going back home was _ kept him happy while he was working abroad2007 上海春Athat Ball that Call whatDwhich17. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing. 2007 天津卷A. when B. whose C. which D. where18. They will fly to Washington, _ they plan to stay for two or three days.（2008重庆）A. where B. there C. which D. when19. Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with the kids. （2008山东）A. who B. which C. why D. when20. Ill give you y friends home address, _ I can be reached most evenings. （2008北京卷）A. which B. when C. whom D. where21. All the neighbor admire this family. _the parents are treating their child like a friend. （2008安徽卷）A. why B. where C. which D. that22. What do you think of teaching, Bob?I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting.（09北京）A. where B. Which C. When D. that23. Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently.（09福建A. that B. when C. which D. where24. The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.（09江西）A. what B. which C. that D. though25. News came from the school office _Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.（09四川）A. which B. what C. that D. where26.Is there any possibility_you could pick me up at the airport ?No problem （09浙江）A when B that C whether D what 27. We should consider the students request _the school library provide more books on popular science.（09重庆）A. that B. when C. which D. where28. The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _ she would stay for an hour. (2010江西卷)A. whereB. whoC. whichD. what29. Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?You should try the barbers _ I go. Its only 15. (2010天津卷)A. asB. whichC. whereD. that30. A bank is the place _ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. (2011浙江卷)A. whenB. thatC. whereD. there31. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other. (2011福建卷)A. whichB. whereC. whatD. who 32. Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family. (2011上海卷)A. whichB. whereC. whenD. as33. The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living. (2011天津卷)A. whenB. thatC. whereD. which模板二 介词加关系代词解题步骤：31. 看空格前的名词32. 看空格后的动词或名词 33. 当能构成”v. + prep. + n. ”（动词和名词的搭配）的组合或the + n. + prep. + n. (名词和名词的搭配)时，就能确定填什么介词了。如: I know the subject _ they are talking.空格前名词subject，空格后动词talk。Talk about the subject. 而subject又是东西不是人，得出填about which。注意：1）若空格左右有数词(five)、代词(those)等，则选介词of; 空格前名词指人，用whom; 空格后名词指物，用which； 2）非限制性定语从句中which可指“，”前面一整句话1. The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success. (2004全国卷)A. for whichB. at whichC. in whichD. on which2The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.（05江苏）Awhich; whereBat which; whichCat which; whereDwhich; in which3The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs _ they are being trained.（05江西）Ain thatBfor thatCin whichDfor which4I have many friends , _some are businessmen .（05全国）Aof them Bfrom which Cwho of Dof whom5He was educated at a local grammar school, _ he went on to Cambridge.（05山东）Afrom which Bafter that Cafter which Dfrom this6. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _ effects the people are still suffering.（05天津）A. that B. whose C. those D. what7Look out! Dont get too close to the house _roof is under repair.（06福建）AwhoseBwhichCof whichDthat8We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, _we gave some bells and glasses.（06湖南）Ato whichBto whomCwith whomDwith which9I was given three books on cooking, the first_I really enjoyed.（06浙江）Aof thatBof which CthatDwhich10. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _ wanted to buy it. 2007 安徽卷A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom11. We shouldnt spent our money testing so many people,most of _are healthy2007 北京卷A. that B.which C. what D. whom12 He was educated at the local high school, _ he went on to Beijing University. 2007 江苏卷A. after whichB. after thatC. in which D. in that13. It is reported that two schools，_ are being built in my hometown，will open next year. 2007 四川卷Athey both Bwhich both Cboth of them Dboth of which14. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _ they can be controlled on purpose. 2007 重庆卷A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which15. Eric received training in computer for one year, _ he found a job in a big company. 2007 辽宁卷A. after that B. after which C. after it D. after this16. By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _ appeared a rare rainbow soon. （2008福建）A. of which B. on which C. from which D. above which17. The man pulled out a gold watch, _were made of small diamonds. (2008陕西卷)A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands ofC. which the hands of D. the hands of which18.The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _are beyond our control. (2008湖南卷)A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that19. Villagers here depend on the fishing industry._ there wont be much work. (2008上海春招) A. where B. that C. by which D. without which20. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread our further, _ New York is an example. （2008四川卷）A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from which21. We went through a period _ communications were very difficult in the rural areas. (2008年上海卷)A. which B. whose C. in which D. with which22Many children， parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village（09安徽）Atheir BwhoseCof them Dwith whom23. I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city _ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.（09湖南）A. whichB. of whichC. thatD. whose24Gun control is a subject _ Americans have argued for a long time.（09陕西）Aof which Bwith which Cabout which Dinto which25. A person _ e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails.（09天津）A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever26. The newly built caf, the walls of _ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. (2010江苏卷)A. thatB. itC. whatD. which27. The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of _ left their village homes for a better life in the city. (2010浙江卷)A. whomB. whichC. themD. thos28. Wind power is an ancient source of energy _ we may return in the near future. (2010上海卷)A. on whichB. by whichC. to whichD. from which答案：1-5 CCDDC 6-10 BABBD 11-15 DADBB 16-20 DDBDC 21-25 CBDCC模板三AS, WHICH引导非限制性定语从句修饰整个主句解题步骤）：1. 看空格位置，如果在句首，选As2. 若空格不在句首，看空格前后句意关系，如果被修饰的是整个主句，就在as, which中选3. 表示“正如，就像”，选as；表示否定意义、复合结构，选which注意：“，”后绝不能接that1The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running , _meant spending tens of thousands of pounds .（06江苏）AwhoBthat Cas Dwhich2. His movie won several awards at the film festival, _ was beyond his wildest dream. 2007 上海卷A. whichB. thatC. where D. it3. By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, _ can be very eye-opening and rewarding. 2007 湖南卷A. who B. which C. what D. that 4Chans restaurant on Baker Street, _ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. 2007 浙江卷A. that B. which C. who D. where 5. The Science Museum, _ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions. （2008江苏卷）A. whichB. whatC. thatD. where6. The road conditions there turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. （全国卷II）A. it B. what C. which D. that7. Whenever I met her,_ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.（09山东）A.who B.which C. when D. that8. After graduating from college, I took some time off to go traveling, _ turned out to be a wise decision. (2010四川卷)A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where9. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _, of course, made all the others upset. (2011北京卷)A. whoB. whichC. whatD. that10. Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, _ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.(2011全国II卷)A. thisB. thatC. whatD. which答案：1-7 DABBACB、陷阱题1. The factory was built in a secret place, around _ high mountains.A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were2. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around _ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand？” A. that B. which C. where D. what3. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What4. _ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. It B. As C. That D. What5. David is such a good boy _ all the teachers like. A. t