能力演练4巧用派生词-相反词,做好语法填空 完形填空 阅读理解阅读中的猜词技巧(2)对比法摘要.doc

此文档收集于网络，如有侵权，请联系网站删除能力演练4一、语法填空专题训练（四） 巧用派生词，做好语法填空。技巧点拨英语中有许多单词可带否定前缀或否定后缀，将该词变成一个与原来单词意义完全相反的词。在做语法填空时，要仔细领会短文的意思，理清文章脉络，注意行文逻辑，特别注意上下文之间有无转折、对比、相反关系，如果有此种关系，文中又没有相应过渡词语，就要考虑利用构词法知识，即利用单词的否定前缀或否定后缀来解题。常用的否定前缀有：in+adj.adj.correctincorrect(不正确的) activeinactive(不积极的)im+adj.adjpoliteimpolite(不礼貌的) patientimpatient(不耐烦的)un+adj.adjluckyunlucky(不幸运的)happyunhappy(不高兴的)il+adj.adjlogicalillogical(不合逻辑的)legalillegal(非法的)ir+adj.adjregularirregular(不规则的)responsibleirresponsible(不负责任的)dis+adj.adjhonestdishonest(不诚实的)satisfieddissatisfied(不满意的)un+v.vdressundress(脱衣服)loadunload(卸货)dis+v.vlikedislike(不喜欢)coverdiscover(发现)non+n.adjprofitnonprofit(非盈利的)stopnonstop(不间断的)illtreatilltreat(虐待)mannerillmannered(没礼貌的)常用的否定后缀有：n.+lessadjcarecareless(粗心的) homehomeless(无家可归的)n.+freeadj.carecarefree(无忧无虑的)paperpaperfree(无纸张的)活学活用（一）用所给单词的适当形式填空。Ann walked out of the chemical factory,annoyed at her 1 (pleasant)interview with Jack,the vice general manager of the factory.Ann was told the factory had been pouring waste water directly into the river,making the water 2 (suit)to drink.Ann thought it was her duty to 3 (close)the matter and had it reported in the newspaper.She also thought it was 4 (responsible)JP3for the factory to do so.Jack thought it was 5 (proper)and 6 (legal)for Ann to report the whole thing in public without telling them in advance.However,Ann regarded it most important to ensure the residents near the factory to drink 7 (pollution)water.She told Jack if his factory kept on polluting the river,he was sure to answer for what he had done one day.（二）语法填空。In the days when an ice cream cost much less,Tom, 1 eightyear old boy,entered a hotel coffee shop 2 sat at a table.A waitress put a glass of water in front of him.“How much is an icecream？” “Fifty cents,”replied the waitress.The little boy pulled 3 right hand out of the pocket and studied a number of 4 in it.“How much is a dish of plain ice cream?”he asked.Some people were now waiting for her service and the waitress grew a little 5 (patient).“Thirty cents,” she said 6 (polite)and loudly,which surprised other JP3customers.The boy counted the coins 7 .”I will have a plain ice cream,”he said.The waitress walked 8 .The boy finished the ice cream,paid the cashier and left.It was not long 9 the waitress came back and then she began to wipe the table and suddenly was surprised at what she saw.There, 10 (place)neatly beside the empty dish,were two nickels and five penniesher tip!二、完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从115各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。As a child, I was very shy. I wanted to be successful, but lacked 1 . When I discovered climbing, I found something I was good at. I began to be 2 by my friends and this gave me the desire to climb 3 and higher mountains. I found that nothing was impossible if I could find the 4 to try to achieve my goals.Both personal determination and teamwork are 5 when you climb. You need to rely on the 6 of your team and share in the achievement. But personal focus and determination to keep going despite any difficulty are also very helpful to team success.My greatest achievement in 7 was being the first ever to reach the top of the 5,000foot Troll Wall in Norway, which has the highest and most vertical(垂直的) rock face in Europe. A stone dropped from the top of the mountain will 8 nothing until it lands on the valley floor one 9 below. So it was very adventurous.Before our climb, the experts in Europe had said it was 10 to climb the Troll Wall. But with three companions, I decided to 11 . It took ten days to make the climb and we 12 on ledges(岩石架)no more than a foot wide when we were tired. Thankfully, we 13 .Afterwards, I said to myself, “If I can do that, I can do anything.” Some years later, I climbed up Mount Everest-the highest mountain in the world. Adventure to me is not just 14 a rope along the side of a mountain, but is one field where adventurous people can often 15 themselves. If we look at every day as an adventure, we can test ourselves and continue to grow throughout our life. That is the final adventure.1.A.money B.confidenceC.purposes D.chances2.A.denied B.attackedC.recognized D.tricked3.A.harder B.fartherC.smaller D.safer4.A.place B.secretC.courage D.time5.A.suitable B.simpleC.equal D.important6.A.comfort B.supportC.interest D.doubt7.A.science B.medicineC.climbing D.engineering8.A.touch B.stopC.pollute D.hurt9.A.meter B.inchC.centimeter D.mile10.A.easy B.impossibleC.exciting D.useful11.A.try B.learnC.return D.escape12.A.ate B.livedC.rested D.stood13.A.worked B.decidedC.continued D.succeeded14.A.bending over B.falling offC.hanging onto D.leaning against15.A.hold B.forgiveC.punish D.challenge三、阅读理解 阅读中的猜词技巧（4）根据同等关系猜测词义方法点拨同等关系指一组词在句中作同一成分，且它们的词义属于同一义域，这些词常用and或or来连接。如：At fifty he is in his prime of life and always full of energy.活学活用（一）利用上述猜词技巧，猜测下列各句划线部分的意思。1.He is a serious person who always does everything conscientiously.2.If you dont stop doing like this,youll impair your health.3.He strayed because of the darkness,and didn，t know where he was.4.In the ancient city of Rome,we visited every mansion,battle site,theatre and other public halls.（二）阅读下列短文，按要求完成读写任务。(2008年广东卷)Parents and kids today dress alike,listen to the same music,and are friends.Is this a good thing？Sometimes,when Mr.Ballmer and his 16yearold daughter,Elizabeth,listen to rock music together and talk about interests they both enjoy,such as pop culture,he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager.“I would never have said to my mom,Hey,the new Weezer album is really great.How do you like it?” says Ballmer.“There was just a complete gap in taste.”Music was not the only gulf.From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations,earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits.Today,the generation gap has not disappeared,but it is getting narrow in many families.Conversations on subjects such as sex and drugs would not have taken place a generation ago.Now they are comfortable and common.And parent-child activities,from shopping to sports,involve a feeling of trust and friendship that can continue into adulthood.No wonder greeting cards today carry the message,“To my mother,my best friend.”But family experts warn that the new equality can also result in less respect for parents.“There，s still a lot of strictness and authority on the part of parents out there,but there is a change happening,” says Kerrie,a psychology professor at Lebanon Valley College.“In the middle of that change,there is a lot of confusion among parents.”Family researchers offer a variety of reasons for these evolving roles and attitudes.They see the 1960s as a turning point.Great cultural changes led to more open communication and a more democratic process that encourages everyone to have a say.“My parents were on the before side of that change,but todays parents,the 40yearolds,were on the after side,” explains Mr.Ballmer.“Its not something easily accomplished by parents these days,because life is more difficult to understand or deal with,but sharing interests does make it more fun to be a parent now.”.根据短文，写一篇30词左右的摘要。_.根据所读短文，选出最佳答案。1.The underlined word gulf in Para.3 most probably means _.A.interest B.distanceC.difference D.separation2.Which of the following shows that the generation gap is disappearing?A.Parents help their children develop interests in more activities.B.Parents put more trust in their childrens abilities.C.Parents and children talk more about sex and drugs.D.Parents share more interests with their children.3.The change in today,s parentchild relationship is _.A.more confusion among parentsB.new equality between parents and childrenC.less respect for parents from childrenD.more strictness and authority on the part of parents4.By saying “todays parents,the 40yearolds,were on the after side.” the author means that todays parents _.A.follow the trend of the changeB.can set a limit to the changeC.fail to take the change seriouslyD.have little difficulty adjusting to the change5.The purpose of the passage is to _.A.describe the difficulties todays parents have met withB.discuss the development of the parentchild relationshipC.suggest the ways to handle the parentchild relationshipD.compare todays parentchild relationship with that in the past能力演练5一、语法填空专题训练（五） 巧用派生词，做好语法填空技巧点拨要做好高考语法填空题中的词语派生题，关键是掌握词语搭配关系，然后将所给单词变成该搭配所需要的形式。因此，请理解并牢记下表内容。句子成分概念描述所处语境适用词类主语什么人或什么事、动作的发出者句子最前面，冠词、物主代词、some，any，other等不定代词后名词、代词、不定式、动名词宾语动作的对象、承受者及物动词或介词后，冠词、物主代词、some，any，other等不定代词后谓语表明主语干什么或是什么主语后动词表语说明主语的身份、特征或状态系动词后形容词、名词、少数副词、介词短语、分词补足语补充说明主语或宾语宾语或被动式谓语后定语修饰或限定名词或代词名词前，something等不定代词后形容词状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子动词前后，形容词或副词前，句首副词活学活用 阅读下面短文，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。A father sat at his desk looking at and carefully studying his 1 (month)bill when his young son rushed in and announced,“Dad,because this is your birthday and you are 55 years old,Im going to give you 55 kisses,one for each year!” But the father exclaimed,“Oh,Peter,dont do it now.Im too busy!”The boy immediately fell 2 (silence)as tears rolled down from his big blue eyes. 3 (apologize)the father said,“You can finish later.” The boy said nothing but 4 (quiet)walked away, 5 (disappont)written over his face.That evening the father said,“Come and finish the kisses now,Peter!” But the boy didnt respond. 6 (fortunate),the boy had an accident and was drowned.His heartbroken father wrote,“If only I could tell him how much I regret my 7 (thought)words and could be assured that he knows how much my heart is aching.” Love is a twoway street.Any loving act must be 8 (warm)accepted or it will be taken as 9 (reject)and can leave a scar.Nothing is more 10 (importance)than responding with love to the cry for love from those who are near and precious to us.二、完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从115各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。I was a single parent of four small children,working at a low paid job.But I didnt want my children to know we were poor, so when christmas was drawing near, I decided to give them some money to buy some 1 .They planned weeks ahead of time,asking 2 what they wanted for Christmas.Fortunately,I had saved 120 for 3 to share by all five of us.The big 4 arrived.I gave each kid a twentydollar bill and 5 them to look for gifts of about four dollars each. Then everyone scattered（散开）.We had two hours to shop;then we would 6 back at the “Santa,s Workshop”.Driving home,everyone was in high Christmas spirits, 7 my younger daughter,Ginger,who was unusually 8 .She had only one small,flat bag with a few candiesfiftycent candies!I was so angry,but I didn,t say anything 9 we got home.I called her into my bedroom and closed the door, 10 to be angry again.This is what she told me.“I was looking 11 thinking of what to buy,and I 12 to read the little cards on the Giving Trees.One was for a little girl,four years old,and all she 13 for Christmas was a doll（玩具娃娃）.So I took the card off the tree and 14 the doll for her.We have so much and she doesn,t have anything.”I never felt so 15 as I did that day.1.A.gifts B.flowers C.candies D.books2.A.the other B.each other C.one by one D.every other one3.A.toys B.clothes C.presents D.bills4.A.day B.chance C.cheque D.tree5.A.forced B.reminded C.invited D.begged6.A.draw B.stay C.move D.meet7.A.including B.besides C.except D.regarding8.A.quiet B.excited C.happy D.ashamed9.A.since B.after C.while D.until10.A.waiting B.ready C.hoping D.afraid11.A.out B.over C.forward D.around12.A.forgot B.stopped C.failed D.hated13.A.wanted B.did C.got D.played14.A.made B.searched C.bought D.fetched15.A.angry B.rich C.patient D.bitter三、阅读理解 阅读中的猜词技巧（5）根据生活经验常识和逻辑推理推测词义方法点拨有时候，逻辑推理和自身的生活经验及普通常识能帮助我们确定词义。如:例1：The snake slithered through the grass.例2：Fishes live in water and have fins which help them to swim.Most fishes have slimy skins covered with scales,but in fishes such as eels the scales are very small and can hardly be seen.例3：Not wanting to disturb the sleeping kitten,I gingerly lifted her from the box and put her on a blanket near the heater.活学活用（一）根据上述技巧,猜测下列划线词的词义。1.The man walked briskly to keep warm on the very cold night.2.The door was so low that I hit my head on the lintel. 3.When a doctor performs an operation on a patient，he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious，because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.4.If you are capable of working twelve hours a day without a rest，and if you can engage in physical exercise for hours without seeming to get tired，then you are indefatigable.5.Thousands of people got stuck in lifts.But no one panicked,we passed the time telling stories.（二）阅读下列短文，按要求完成读写任务。(2009年全国卷)I know you,re thinking:Pizza(比萨饼)？For breakfast？But the truth is that you can have last night,s leftover in the am if you want to.I know lots of women who skip breakfast(不吃早餐),and they have a ton of different excuses for doing it.Some say they don,t have time,others think they are saving calories(卡路里),still others just don,t like breakfast food.But the bottom line is that eating in the morning is very important when you are trying to lose weight.“Eating just about anything from 300 to 400 calories would be better than nothing at all,”says Katherine Brooking,R.D,who developed the super easy eating plan for this year,s SELFCHALLENGE.“And even pizza can be healthy if its loaded with vegetables,and you stick to one small piece.”Breakfast is one meal I never miss,and the same goes for most weight loss success stories. Research shows that eating breakfast keeps you from overeating late in the day.Researchers at the University of Southern California found that breakfast skippers have a bigger chance of gaining weight than those who regularly have a morning meal.So eat something in the morning,anything.I know plenty of friends who end up having no breakfast altogether,and have just coffee or orange juice.I say,try heating up last nights leftoversit may sound crazy,but if it works for you,do it! I find if I tell myself,“You can always eat it tomorrow,” I put away the leftovers instead of eating more that night.Try it.You may save yourself some prebedtime calories.And watch your body gain the fatburning effects!.根据所读短文，写一篇30词左右的摘要。_.根据短文，选择最佳答案。1.The word “leftovers” in Paragraph 1 probably means_.A.food remaining after a mealB.things left undoneC.meals made of vegetablesD.pizza topped with fruit2.What can we infer from the passage?A.Working women usually have breakfast in a hurry.B.Many people have wrong ideas about breakfast.C.There are some easy ways of cooking a meal.D.Eating vegetables helps save energy.3.According to the last paragraph,it is important to _.A.eat something for breakfastB.be careful about what you eatC.heat up food before eating itD.eat caloriecontrolled food4.The text is written mainly for those_.A.who go to work earlyB.who want to lose weightC.who stay up lateD.who eat before sleep5.What does the underlined sentence mean?A.Skipping breakfast is helpful if you want to lose weight. B.Eating breakfast will make you fatter.C.Eating breakfast can help lose weight.D.You can,t lose weight without breakfast.能力演练6一、语法填空专题训练（六） 动词变化动词是语法填空题的必考内容，动词的主要考点有时态、语态、语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致等。非谓语动词更是考查热点。在本专题中,我们介绍几个应试技巧，让你在考场上稳操胜券。技巧点拨only后接现在分词或不定式都可表示结果，但only doing是一般用语，only to do则表示意想不到的结果。动词、介词后面要求接名词或动名词做宾语，如果所给动词后有宾语，则将所给动词变为动名词，如果所给动词后无宾语，则将所给动词变为名词。(1)Jack went swimming in the lake,only _(have)great fun with his fellows.(2)Jack hurried to Toms home,only _(find)Tom was out and the door was locked.(3)He was good at _(persuade)others to give up their ideas.(4)They just stood there and stared at the stranger in _ (amaze).句（1）单纯表示结果，用having。句（2）的结果是Jack意想不到的，用to find。句（3）的persuade前有介词，后有宾语others，应填入动名词persuading。句（4）前有介词，后无宾语，应填入名词amazement。活学活用（一）用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.She turned up the driveway,only _(find)h