高考英语阅读理解课堂练学案20.doc

2012高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（20） Passage Eighteen (The Military Is In) Things have really changed. Not only is the military standing tall again, it is staging a remarkable comeback in the quantity and quality of the recruits it is attracting. Recruiters, once denounced by antiwar students as “baby killers” and barred from campuses, are welcomed ever at elite universities. ROTC (Reserve Officers Training Corps) programs, that faltered during the Viet Nam era, when protesters were fire bombing their headquarters, are flourishing again. The military academies are enjoying a steady increase in applications. Certainly, the depressed economy has increased the allure of the jobs, technical training and generous student loans offered by the military. Students know that if they go in and become, say, nuclear weapons specialists, they can come out and demand a salary of $60,000 a year. Military salaries, while not always competitive with those paid for comparable jobs in the private sector, are more than respectable, especially considering the wide array of benefits that are available: free medical service, room and board, and PX (Post Exchange) privileges. Monthly pay for a recruit is $574; for a sergeant with four years services it is $906; for a major with ten years service it is $2,305. The services slick $175 million-a-year advertising campaign promising adventure and fulfillment has helped win over the TV generation. Kids are walking down the school hallways chanting Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, just like in the commercials. And many military officials feel that the key difference is the enhanced patriotism among the nations youth. There is a return to the view that the military is an honorable profession. The days of a judge telling a miscreant to join the Army or go to jail are over. Recruiting for all four services combined is running at 101%of authorized goals. And the retention rate is now so high, that the services are refusing some re-enlistment applications and reducing annual recruiting target.The military academics are also enjoying halcyon years, attracting more and better-qualified students. Compared to private colleges, where tuition and expenses have been climbing sharply, the service schools are a real bargain: not only is tuition free, but recruits get allowances of up to $500 a mouth. It is reported 12,300 applicants are for the 1,450 positions in this years freshman class. Military academies are now just as selective as any of the best universities in the country.Nationwide, ROTC enrollment exceeds 105,000,a 64% increase over the 1974 figure. In the mid 70s, the ROTC students refused to wear their uniforms on campus because they suffered all sorts of ridicule, if they did. Now if they wear them to class no one looks at them twice. To them, Viet Nam is ancient history, something the old folks talk about.1. What is the main idea of this passage?A. The Military is in . The Military is upC. The Military is down D. The Military is on2. What was the attitude of the students in 1970s towards the military?A. Approval. . Indifferent. C. Distaste. D. Scolding.3. The phrase “come out” is closest in meaning to A. “become visible”. . “begin to grow”.C. “be made public”. D. “gain a certain position”.4. Which one of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason to attract students.A. Free tuition. . Spacious room.C. Considerate allowance. D. Technical training.Vocabulary1. stage a comeback 再度走红，卷土重来2. standing tall 站得高3. babykiller 杀婴犯人4. denounce 谴责5. elite 杰出的，名牌的6. ROTC=Reserve Offices Training Cope (美)后备军官训练队7. falter 动摇不定，踌躇不前8. flourish 繁荣兴旺9. allure 诱惑10. come out 进入社交界，扬名11. the wide array 一大批，一大半12. PX=Post Exchange 陆军消费合作社13. sergeant 中士14. major 少校15. slick 聪明的，非常好的，吸引人的16. hallway 门厅，过道17. chant 单调重复的说话（唱歌）18. miscreant 无赖，恶棍19. retention rate 继续服役率，服役期满不退役的比例20. real bargain 好买卖，十分划算难句译注1. The services slick $175 million-a-year advertising campaign promising adventure and fulfillment has helped win over the TV generation.结构简析 句子的主语是campaign. 这里指大规模的广告（advertising campaign）。Promising 修饰 campaign。2. The days of a judge telling a miscreant to join the Army or go to jail are over.参考译文 由法官判一名无赖不去当兵就得坐牢的日子过去了。3. And the retention rate is now so high, that the services are refusing some re-enlistment applications and reducing annual recruiting target.结构简析 so that 句型。参考译文 超役留队率现在很高，所以各个军种都要拒绝一些再入伍申请，并降低年度招兵指标。写作方法与文章大意这是论述军队在美国地位提高的文章，主要采用因果写法，中插对比。答案祥解1. A. 军队又吃香了。To be in 有“流行，时髦”之义。全篇文章围绕这一点而写。文章一开头就点名宗旨“事情真的变了，军队形象不仅高大，招收新兵的质量和数量明显得到恢复。”第二段开始：“可以肯定，经济萧条使得军队提供就业，技术训练和对学生慷慨贷款提高了诱惑力。”第二段倒数第七句“许多军官感到关键性的变化是这个国家青年中的爱国心增强，当兵是一个荣誉职业的看法又恢复了。”都表示吃香。B. to be up 有“完了，完毕，上涨”等义。 C. to be down 有“消沉，落魄，下降”等义。 D. to be on 有“上演，开着”等义。这里都讲不通。2. C. 厌恶。答案在第一段第二句“招兵人员曾一度被反战学生谴责为杀婴犯而拒之校园之外，现在甚至名牌大学都欢迎。后备军官训练队计划在越战时期曾动摇不定，抗议的人向部队投掷燃烧弹，如今又兴旺起来。”最后一段第二句“70年代中期，后备军官训练队学生不愿在校内穿制服，因为穿了就遭到各种嘲笑。”这些都说明70年代，学生对军队的态度是“厌恶”。所以A. 赞成， B. 漠不关心， D. 漫骂，都不对。3. 获得地位。To come out 有 to gain certain position 获得（名次，地位）之义，也有appear, to be seen （出现，看得见）之义。这里的上下文，只能是D. 第二段第二句“学生们知道，要是参军，当上譬如核武器专家，他们就能扬名并可要求6万美元年薪。”A. 看得见， B. 开始成长， C. 公开。4. B. 宽敞的房间。A. 免学费。 C. 相当高的津贴。 D. 技术培训，都提到过。第二段开始“可以肯定，经济萧条使得军队提供就业，技术训练以及对学生慷慨贷款等的诱惑力增大。”第三句“军队薪金尽管比不是私人公司中类似工作的工资，但已经很可观了，尤其考虑到军队里有一系列的福利待遇，如免费医疗，膳宿，军人消费合作社特惠等。”第三段“军事院校招收的学生数量多了，质量好，年头也就好过。私立大学里，学费和各类费用一直急剧上升，相比之下，上军事院校确实便宜，不仅学费全面，新生每月还可拿5百美元的补贴。Passage Nineteen (Creative Process of Works)The great question that this paper will, but feebly, attempt to answer is , what is the creative process?Though much theory has accumulated, little is really known about the power that lies at the bottom of poetic creation. It is true that great poets and artists produce beauty by employing all the powers of personality and by fusing emotions, reason, and intuitions. But what is the magical synthesis that joins and arranges these complex parts into poetic unity?John L.Lowes, in his justly famous “The Road to Xanadu,” developed one of the earliest and still generally acceptable answers to this tantalizing question. Imaginative creation, he concludes, is a complex process in which the conscious and unconscious minds jointly operate. “There isthe deep well with its chaos of fortuitously blending images; but there is likewise the Vision which sees shining in and through the chaos of the potential lines of Form, and with the Vision, the controlling Will. Which gives to that potential beauty actuality.”The Deep Well is the unconscious mind that is peopled with the facts, ideas, feelings of the conscious activity. The imaginative vision, an unconscious activity, shines through the land of chaos, of lights and shadows, silently seeking pattern and form. Finally, the conscious mind again, through Will, captures and embodies the idea in the final work of art. In this way is unity born out of chaos.Though there can be no absolute certainty, there is general agreement that the periods in the development of a creative work parallel, to some extent, Lowes theory of Well, Vision, Form, and Will. There are at least three stages in the creative process: preparation, inspiration, work. In a sense, the period of preparation is all of the writers life. It is the Deep Well. It is the Deep Well. It is especially a period of concentration which gives the unconscious mind an opportunity to communicate with the conscious mind. When remembrance of things past reach the conscious level of the writers mind, he is ready to go on with the process. Part of this preparation involves learning a mediumlearning a language, learning how to write, learning literary forms. It is important to mot here that form cannot be imposed upon the idea. Evidence, though sparse, shows that the idea gives birth to the form that can best convey it. It is the Vision, according to Lowes, ” which sees shining in and through the chaws of the potential lines of from ”1. When remembrance of things past reach the conscious level, the post has reached the stage calledA. Well. . Vision. C. Form. D. Will.2. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. The form determines the subject matter. The idea determines the form.C. Vision makes beauty an actuality.D. A writer is unconscious when he prepares his work.3. The word “fortuitously” in the third paragraph meansA. accidentally. . luckily. C. thoroughly. D. potentially.4. The remembrance of things past is carried on in the A. Deep Well. . Vision.C. Chaotic lights and shadows. D. Conscious mind.Vocabulary1. fuse 融化，结合2. intuition 直觉3. Xanadu 是一个非常美的，田园诗般的地方。美国诗人Sanul T Coleridge还根据这地方写了一首诗，“Kubla Khan” 忽必烈汗（即元世祖）4. John L. Lowes 18761945年美国学者，批评家及教师5. tantalizing 引起好奇心的，可望不可及的，逗人得6. fortuitous 偶然的，幸运的7. parallel 相应于8. sparse 稀少，稀疏9. synthesis 综合，综合法难句译注1. by employing all the powers of personality and by fusing emotions, reason, and intuitions.参考译文 运用个人（品格）的全部力量，把情感，理智和直觉融会贯通结合在一起。2. still generally acceptable answers to this tantalizing question.参考译文 现在仍然是众所接受对这些可望不可及问题的答案。3. There isthe deep well with its chaos of fortuitously blending images; but there is likewise the Vision which sees shining in and through the chaos of the potential lines of Form, and with the Vision, the controlling Will. Which gives to that potential beauty actuality.结构简析 注意介词短语和定从。With its chaos, 是修饰deep well. Which sees shinning 定语从句修饰Vision. And 后的with the vision, 却是状语。Which gives 又是定从，修饰Will.参考译文 有那充满了混乱的偶然交织在一起的形象的深静；但同样也有那洞察力，看到在混乱中熠熠生辉的潜在的形式线索，由于有这样的洞察力便有那控制一切的意志把潜在的美变成真实的（诗歌）篇章。4. lights and shadows 艺术上有 light and shade 明和暗。这里也是指明和暗。写作方法与文章大意 文章论述“创作过程”。开门见山就提出“什么是创作”。主要是引用了罗斯的Road to Xanadu 一书来说明创作过程。首先是创作的源泉，洞察分辨，最后意志赋予写作。答案祥解1. D. 意志。第三段倒数第二句“最终又是意识的思维，通过意志，在其最终的艺术作品中捕捉和体现了这种思想观念”。第五段第三句：“当作者回溯以往事情达到了有意识的水平时，他就具备（准备）了继续创作进程的条件。这种准备工作中有一部分涉及学习媒介学习一种语言，学习如何写，学习文学形式。”第二段都体现了意志是有意识思维的集中表现。A. 源泉，来源，顾名思义，也是最初的东西。 B. 洞察力，视觉。 C.形式。这三项选择在第二，三段集中说明，见难句译注3及第四题答案。2. B. 思想观念决定形式。这在最后一段倒数第四句：部分准备工作涉及学习媒介学习语言，学习如何写，学习文学形式之后“这里要注意文学形式不能强加于思想观念。有证据，虽然很少，表明思想观念产生适合传递它的文学形式。A. 形式决定主题。 C. 形象使美变得真实。 D. 作者在准备写作时处于无意识状态。难句译注3和第四题答案都说明了这三项选择是不对的。3. A. 偶然的。B. 幸运的，fortuitously一词确实有幸运的之义。但这里上下文含义是A，见难句译注3。C. 彻底的，透彻的。 D. 潜在的，可能的。4. A. 深井（深层的源泉）。见难句译注3和第三句“深层的源泉是无意识思维，内中塞满了各种事实，观点，意识活动的情感。富有想象力的洞察力是一种无意识的活动，在杂乱的土壤中闪烁光辉，忽明忽暗，默默的探索模式和形式。最后，又是有意识的思维，通过意志。”这里说明回溯过去是在深井阶段进行。B. 视觉，是在探索表现形式。 C. 杂乱的光亮和阴影，明面和暗面。 D. 有意识思维Passage Twenty (NCB in Interpol)The organization known to the world as Interpol has sometimes been described as an outfit of chisel-jawed gimlet-eyed crime fighters who put their lives in jeopardy every working hour. Less flatteringly, Interpol has also been described as a huge filing cabinet, stuffed with clerks choking on their own statistics.As with most generalities, there is some truth in both statements. There are, certainly, some grim battlers of crime to be found working with Interpol. There are, just as surely, those drones shuffling mountains of paper whose cheeks are sallow from indoor life. Consider the charisma of the name alone: INTERPOL, the international police force. Continents leaped in a single bound, oceans crossed in the space of a breath, villains watched by eyes that never sleep. Surprisingly, a lot of it happens almost that way.Four groups coordinate and direct the activities of Interpol. One of them is the National Central Bureaus, or NCBs, bodies designated by the member nations to serve as their link with Interpol. These are the front-line troops, the action people. IN the United States, the Treasury Department is the National Central Bureau. In the United Kingdom, it is Scotland Yard; the Questura in Italy and the Melbourne City Police in Australia. Because police organization varies from country, the NCBs were established to act as the one special group to handle Interpol chores and unsure maximum cooperation between nations. Each NCB is usually an official government body with police powers if a country has only one central police authority, that body becomes the National Centre Bureau. Of course, any service appointed as an NCB is bound to its nations law and authority and retains its national title.Each NCB is connected by radio to the regional station for its geographic zone. The regional stations are connected to the Central Station in France. The radio network is versatile. Network stations can monitor the Central station or any regional station. Because of this messages can be broadcast to more than one station at a time. A coding system determines the urgency of each message so that those with high priority can be given precedence. Besides, other communication tools, such as radio-teleprinters and phototelegraphy equipment. Permit rapid transfers of fingerprints and photographs. Sometimes ever more advanced technology is employed. When the police all over the world were looking for a Canadian named George Leray, they turned to the Early Bird Satellite. Leray had led his gang on a daring holdup of a Montreal bank and gotten away with $4 million. Scotland Yard broadcast Lerays photo to the world by satellite. An American who saw the picture in Florida recognized Leray as a man who was living on a yacht in Fort Lauderdale under an assumed name. The police were alerted and arrested Leray.1. What is the best title for this passage?A. The Function of the Interpol. . The Quality of the Interpol.C. The Organization of the Interpol. D. The Rapid Development of the Interpol.2. The organization of this passage is A. general to specific. . cause and effect.C. comparison and contrast. D. development.3. The sentence “stuffed with clerks choking on their own statistics” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to A. a lot of employees busying in their work. many office workers busying with various documents.C. crowded with office workers busying with their own collected data.D. workers busying in their own information.4. Which is the easiest tool to communicate?A. Satellite. . Radio. Teleprinter. D. Phototelegraphy.Vocabulary1. Interpol 国际刑警组织2. outfit 全班人马，有组织团体3. chisel-jawed 仪表英俊的4. gimlet-eyed 目光锐利的5. jeopardy 危险6. flatteringly 奉承7. choke 闷死 choking on their own statistics 被自己的统计数字弄的喘不过气来8. as with most generalities 和大多数笼统说法一样9. grim 冷酷的10. drone 懒汉，懒洋洋的人11. shuffle 反复挪动，乱翻，洗（纸牌）12. charisma 超凡的魅力13. National Central Bureaus 国家中心局14. Treasury Department 财政部（美）15. Questura 警察局（意）16. Melbourne 墨尔本警察局17. chore 日常零星工作18. to be bound to 受的约束，义务，一定19. geographic zone 地区，地带20. versatile 有多方面用途的21. radio-teleprinter 无线电打印机22. phototelegraph 传真23. daring 大胆的24. holdup 抢劫25. alert 使警惕，使处于待命状态难句译注1. The organization known to the world as Interpol has sometimes been descr