新风尚大学实用英语第四册课后练习答案for Unit 2.doc

Unit 2 Art and Youth Passage A Dame Vera Lynn, 92, Has UKs No. 1 AlbumBackground Knowledge1. Dame Vera Lynn Dame Vera Lynn (born Vera Margaret Welch on 20 March 1917) is an English singer whose career flourished during World War II, when she was. Nnicknamed The Forces Sweetheart. , tThe songs most associated with her are Well Meet Again and The White Cliffs of Dover. She was appointed an Officer (OBE) of the Order of the British Empire in 1959, and a Dame Commander of the Order (DBE) in 1975. In 2000, she received a special Spirit of the 20th Century Award. In 1976, the Vera Lynn Charity Breast Cancer Research Trust, was founded, with Lynn its chairperson and later its president.Dame Vera Lynn,DBE(bornVera Margaret Welchon 20 March 1917)1is an English singer and actress whose musical recordings and performances were enormously popular duringWorld War II. During the war she touredEgypt,IndiaandBurma, giving outdoor concerts for the troops. She was called The Forces Sweetheart; the songs most associated with her are Well Meet Again and The White Cliffs of Dover. She remained popular after the war, appearing on radio and television in the UK and the United States and recording such hits as Auf Wiedersehn Sweetheart and My Son, My Son. In 2009 she became the oldest living artist to make it to No. 1 on theBritishalbum chart, at the age of 92.2She has devoted much time and energy to charity work connected with ex-servicemen, disabled children and breast cancer. She is still held in great affection by veterans of theSecond World Warand in 2000 was named the Briton who best exemplified the spirit of the twentieth century.32. The BeatlesThe Beatles were an English rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960 and one of the most commercially successful and critically acclaimed acts in the history of popular music. From 1962 the group consisted of John Lennon (rhythm guitar, vocals), Paul McCartney (bass guitar, vocals), George Harrison (lead guitar, vocals) and Ringo Starr (drums, vocals). Rooted in skiffle and 1950s rock and roll, the group later worked in many genres ranging from folk rock to psychedelic pop, often incorporating classical and other elements in innovative ways. The nature of their enormous popularity, which first emerged as the Beatlemania fad, transformed as their songwriting grew in sophistication. The group came to be perceived as the embodiment of progressive ideals, seeing their influence extend into the social and cultural revolutions of the 1960s.3. Related websites and webpages:/wiki/Vera_Lynn/Teaching Design1. The Structure of the TextThe passage can be divided into three parts:PartsParagraphsMain Idea of Each PartPart OneParas 1-2Dame Vera Lynn, at the age of 92, captured the No. 1 record in Britain with Well Meet Again. Part TwoParas 3-15Her works gainreceived widespread popularity. Part ThreeParas 16-17Lynns attitude towards her success2. The writing style of the passage This essay belongs to a type of narration regarding Dame Vera Lynn, who, at the age of 92, captured the No. 1 record in Britain with her masterpiece - Well Meet Again. The whole passage is well organized in that it falls into three parts. Part I (1-2) informs the readers, directly and clearly, that Dame Vera Lynn was the most popular singer according to British album charts. The main body (paras. 3-15) describes that her works gained widespread popularity. Lynn was remarkably known as “Forces Sweetheart” as her wartime songs satisfactorily offered soldiers fighting abroad a lot of comfort and greatly eased their homesickness. The last part tells that Lynn was quite puzzled by surprising comeback. 3. Suggestions to Teaching ActivitiesWarming-up activity: Step 1: Students are divided into 5 small groups, each consisting of 6 members. They are assigned before class to conduct some researches regarding Dame Vera Lynn, for example, by surfing on internet to find out as much useful information as possible and familiarize themselves with the figure. Group members cooperate with each other and fully prepare their class presentation. Step 2: One student is appointed to represent his/her group to do the class presentation. With the aid of multimedia technology, the representatives present vivid description of Dame Vera Lynn, including her basic information, schooling, masterpiece, contribution, etc. The students-centered teaching methodology, which put great emphasis to learning by doing, perfectly enhances students comprehensive capacity. Step 3: Finally, the teacher offers suggestions for students further improvement. The purpose of this task-based team-work activity is to arouse students interest on the related topic of the text, stir their research enthusiasm and offer good chances to have their oral English practiced. Detailed Discussion of the Text1. At age 92, Dame Vera Lynn has beaten the Arctic Monkeys and even the Beatles to capture the No. 1 record in Britain. (pPara. 1)capture: v. to : take into ones possession or control by force or record or express accurately in words or pictures （用武力）占有, 控制 ; record or express accurately in words or pictures （用文字、图片正确地）正确记录（或表达）n.: the action of capturing or of being captured 捕获；被捕获 e.g. The Russians captured 13,000 men. 俄罗斯军队俘虏了13,000人。 She did a series of sketches, trying to capture all his moods. 她画了一系列素描，力图捕捉他所有的情绪。 That description captures perfectly the feeling of being invisible. 那个描述完美地捕捉到了隐身的感觉。 He was killed while resisting capture. 他在拒捕中被杀。 2. The singer who 70 years ago recorded a moving reminder of home for British soldiers fighting far away on Monday became the oldest living artist . (Para. 2)70年前，这位歌手为在远方战斗的英国士兵录制了唤起思乡之情的歌曲，而周一，她成为年岁最老的健在的艺术家 “who 70 years ago recorded fighting far away”为定语从句，修饰先行词“the singer”。句子的主干是“The singer on Monday became the oldest living artist”。on Monday为动词became的时间状语。rRecord : v., n.: to convert (sound or a broadcast) into permanent form for later reproduction 录制（声音，广播）; （尤指体育）纪录，最佳成绩 . she wasn.: (especially in sport) the best performance or most remarkable event of its kind that has been officially measured and noted （尤指体育）纪录，最佳成绩 e.g.They were recording a guitar recital. 他们正在给一场吉他独奏会录音。They go into the studio next week to record their debut album. 他们下周到录音棚录制自己的处女作唱片。 He held the world record for over a decade. 他把这项世界纪录保持了十多年。 He managed to beat the record. 他打破了这项纪录。Useful phrases withabout “record” : for the record : so that the true facts are recorded or known 为正式记录在案 eE.g. For the record, I have never been to the flat. 必须申明备查的是我从未去过那套公寓。 a matter of record: a thing that is established as a fact through being officially recorded 记录在案的事 off the record : not made as an official or attributable statement 私下的，不供引用的；非正式的 put (或 set) the record straight : to give the true version of events that have been reported incorrectly; correct a misapprehension 澄清事实，纠正误解3. This weeks British album charts were a real trip down memory lanethanks mainly to the release last week of their remastered albums. Michael Jackson had five appearances in the top 100. (Para. 3) 本周英国歌曲专辑排行榜是在记忆中穿梭. a real trip down memory lane 源于短语to take a trip down memory lane，意为“在记忆中穿梭”。这是个比喻的说法，意为回忆起某事。这里是说顺着英国的排行榜看下去，就像是在记忆中穿梭。e.g. Playing those 1960s records was a trip down memory lane. 听60代的唱片好象使我们回到了过去那个令人愉快的时期。The Queen took a trip down memory lane yesterday during an informal visit to the Angus village of Glamis where she spent her childhood. 女王昨天对她度过童年的格莱米斯的安格斯村进行了一次非正式访问，这勾起了她对往昔的美好回忆。The old Bing Crosby record certainly took me down memory lane. 这张宾克罗斯比的老唱片使我沉迷在对过去的怀念之中。thanks to : as a result of; due to 幸亏；由于，因为 e.g. Its thanks to you that hes in this mess. 都是因为你，他处境才这般狼狈。Thanks to improved quality and design - - and brisk sales in the U.S. - Hyundai sold 1.34 million vehicles in the first 10 months of this year, an increase of 8 over the same period in 2000. 由于改善质量和设计，汽车在美国的销售劲升。当年的头10个月就销售出134万辆，比2000年的同期增长了8。Thanks to you, I was saved from drowning. 幸亏你, 我才没有淹死。 4. but their mass release may have prevented any one album from outselling “Well Meet Again.”(Para. 4)release: vt., n.:a. to allow or enable to escape from confinement; set free 释放，解放 e.g.The government announced that the prisoners would be released. 政府宣布囚犯将被释放。 b. to remove restrictions or obligations from (someone or something) so that they become available for other activity 解除（对的）限制；免除（的）义务；解放的力量 e.g.Tto release sb. from his suffering 免除某人的痛苦 The strategy would release forces for service in other areas. 这一战略会腾出一些部队去其他地区执行任务。 allow (information) to be generally available 公布（情况、消息），发布 No details about the contents of the talks were released. 会谈内容的细节没有公布。 make (a film or recording) available for general viewing or purchase 公开发行（电影或音像制品） a recently released film 新发行的电影 remove (part of a machine or appliance) from a fixed position, allowing something else to move or function （机器或器械的某部分）松开，打开 He released the handbrake. 他松开了手刹车。 And what is more, release can be functioned as a noun . e.g. a happy release 幸福的解脱(尤指经过长期的痛苦以后被死所解脱) block release (英国和欧洲大陆提高企业人员水平的)脱产进修 day release (工人)脱产学习After my examination I had a feeling of release. 考完试后我有如释重负之感。 The warden of the prison signed the release. 监狱长签发释放令。 a happy release 幸福的解脱(尤指经过长期的痛苦以后被死所解脱) block release (英国和欧洲大陆提高企业人员水平的)脱产进修 day release (工人)脱产学习 prevent sb. from doing sth. ：to stop sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事e.g. Cotton mittens will prevent the baby from scratching his own face. 棉的连指手套使婴儿不会抓伤自己的脸。 His prompt action prevented the fire from spreading. 他的果断行动制止了火势的蔓延。 I have been unavoidably prevented from coming. 我身不由己, 不能前往。outsell: v. to : be sold in greater quantities than卖得比多; (of a person) sell more of something than (someone else)（人）销售得比多e.g. CD outsells vinyl for the first time. 光盘的销售量首次超过塑胶唱片。 Garth Brooks is outselling Michael Jackson.加尔斯布鲁克的销售额正在超过迈克尔杰克森。He outsells all other salesmen for the company. 他为公司推销产品比别的推销员都多。这里值得注意的是前缀out-: 加在动词、名词、分词或形容词前表示“出”, “向外”, “在外”; “远”, 如: outspread, outbuilding, outdoor, outpatient;. 加在动词、部分形容词及名词前表示“胜过”, “超过”, 如: outdo, outsmart, outpace outfight , outperform.; 加在具有某一方面显著特点的人名前表示“在某一特征上超过”, 如: a Fascist who out-Hitlers Hitler 比希特勒更加希特勒的法西斯分子; 若为分词、名词或形容词时, 其重音常在out上, 如: outbreak, outgoing; 若为动词, 其重音常在第二个音节以后, 如: outdo.5. Lynn was known as the “Forces Sweetheart” and her songs including “Well Meet Again” and “(Therell be Bluebirds Over) The White Cliffs of Dover” were wartime songs. (Ppara. 5)Forces Sweetheart 战地甜心，战士们对女歌手林恩的爱称。including “Well Meet Again” and “(Therell be Bluebirds Over) The White Cliffs of Dover”用作在这个句子是担当着插入语（parenthesis）的作用。 be known as 以.知名; 被认为是; 称为 be known for 因.而著名 e.g. He was an author whose works were so little known as to be almost confidential. 他这位作家的著作是如此不为人所知，以致几乎等于机密文件。 We want to be known for innovation and creativity and rigor as much as we are known for educating leaders for business and society. 我们不但要因培养商业和社会领袖而闻名，我们更要因我们的创新力、创造力和治学严谨而著称。c.f.其他关于known 的短语： be known to 为.所知 become known 出名 make oneself known to sb. 向某人作自我介绍 make sth. known 把某事(向某人)公布 make sth. known to sb. 把某事(向某人)公布 6. “In a sense, its comfort music,” said music writer John Aizlewood. (Ppara. 5)in a sense 在某种意义上, 在一定程度上 e.g. You are right in a sense, but you dont know all the facts. 在某种意义上你是对的, 但你不了解全部事实。 In a sense, they serve as a dictionary of colors. 从某种意义上来说，它可以被当作关于颜色的词典。 What you said is in a sense true. 在某种意义上你说的是真的。 其他关于sense的短语： bring to ones senses 使头脑正常清醒过来, 开导某人, 使醒悟； come to ones senses 恢复理性, 苏醒； in all senses (=in every sense) 在各方面, 彻头彻尾； in a broad narrow sense 在广狭义上； in a sense 在某种意义上来说； in no sense 决不是, 决非 in ones (right) senses 头脑清醒, 有理智, 讲道理 7. “These are quite uncertain times, and quite austere times, as well. And in these times, you need music to help pull you through.”（Ppara. 5）austere: a. (of living conditions or a way of life) having no comforts or luxuries; harsh or ascetic （生活条件，方式）刻苦的；简朴的 e.g.The people are still leading an austere life in the mountains. 山区人民仍然过着艰苦的生活。: severe or strict in manner, attitude, or appearance （在举止、态度或外表方面）严厉的；严峻的 He was an austere man, with a rigidly puritanical outlook. 他是个严肃的人，一副刻板的清教徒模样。He was austere and demanding, partly because of his personality, but partly because I was the eldest son of the family. 先父是位十分严厉的父亲，大概因为他的性格而又因为我是家中长子，他对我要求相当高。 (of living conditions or a way of life) having no comforts or luxuries; harsh or ascetic （生活条件，方式）刻苦的；简朴的；禁欲的 The people are still leading an austere life in the mountains. 山区人民仍然过着艰苦的生活。having an extremely plain and simple style or appearance; unadorned 朴素的；无装饰的 The cathedral is impressive in its austere simplicity. 大教堂朴实风格给人印象深刻。to pull through (使)渡过难关, (使)恢复健康e.g. His injuries are severe but hes expected to pull through. 他的伤势很严重，但还是有希望救活的。 It was a miracle that they were able to pull her through the operation. 他们居然能使她开刀后活了下来, 真是个奇迹。 He succeeded in pulling through the difficulty. 他平安地渡过了困难。 If he could muster up courage, he might pull through. 如果他能鼓起勇气，就可以渡过难关了。 If he could muster up more strength, he might pull through. 如果他再鼓把劲就可以度过难关了。 Theres just a fighting chance that well be able to pull through. 我们渡过难关仅有一线希望。8. He attributed much of Lynns resurgence to nostalgia, a longing for simplicity and old-fashioned values, and pensioner power. (Para. 6) 他把林恩的再度流行在很大程度上归结为怀旧之情，对于简单事物和传统价值的渴望，以及“领养老金的人的影响力”。 Attribute to 意为“把归结为”。“nostaligia”, “a longing for simplicity”, 和“pensioner power”并列做to的宾语。aAttribute: vt. : (attribute something to) to regard something as being caused by 把归因于；把归咎于 e.g.He attributed the firms success to the efforts of the managing director. 他把公司的成就归功于总经理的努力。 Some attribute the rise to an overemphasis on early success. 有的人把上升的原因归结为过分强调少年时期的成功。 ascribe a work or remark to (a particular author, artist, or speaker) 认为作品（或话语）属于 The building was attributed to Inigo Jones. 这座大楼是由伊尼戈琼斯设计的。 regard a quality or feature as characteristic of or possessed by 认为具有某种特质 Ancient peoples attributed magic properties to certain stones. 古人认为某些石头具有魔力。 另外，attribute 还可以用作名词：a quality or feature regarded as a characteristic or inherent part of someone or something 属性，特性；品质 e.g： Flexibility and mobility are the key attributes of Britains army. 灵活机动是英国军队的主要特点。nostalgia: n. : a sentimental longing or wistful affection for the past, typically for a period or place with happy personal associations 怀旧；（尤指对某段快乐时光或某地的）思念，怀念 eE.g. I was overcome with acute nostalgia for my days at university. 我强烈地怀念大学时代的生活。 I was filled with nostalgia by hearing my favorite old song. 我听到这首喜爱的旧歌，心中充满了怀旧之情。Her work is pervaded by nostalgia for a past age. 她的作品充满怀旧之情。 Wistfully, I look on those days with a feeling of nostalgia. 我真地对那段日子有一种怀旧之情。 to long for : 渴望; 想念e.g. People are longing for peace. 人民渴望和平。 A swift change is longed for, but unlikely. 人们期盼着更快的变化, 但不太可能。 He has been longing for her ever since she left. 自她走后, 他一直在想念她。 Pensioner n. : a person who receives a pension, especially the retirement pension 领抚恤金的人，（尤指）领退休金的人 e.g. The tax threshold for a single pensioner is 450 dollars. 单身养老金领取者的征税起点是450美元。9. Broadcaster Paul Gambaccini attributed part of the attraction to the convenience of having all of Lynns important songs in one place .(para. 8)convenience n. : mass nounthe state of being able to proceed with something with little effort or difficulty 方便，便利He thinks only of his own convenience. 他只想到本人的方便。 The sequence has been simplified for convenience. 为方便而简化了顺序。 count nouna thing that contributes to an easy and effortless way of life 使生活方便舒适的设备；便利设施 Voicemail was seen as one of the desktop conveniences of the electronic office. 语音邮件曾被看做是电子办公室桌面电脑带来的便利之一。 The house is full of conveniences of every sort. 这座房子设备齐全。 I wonder if there is a convenience store nearby. 不知道这附近有没有便利商店？ 关于convenience 的短语： at ones convenience 在某人方便的时间（或地点） at ones earliest convenience 得便务请.从速as soon as one can without difficulty 方便的时候尽早e.g. I should welcome a personal interview at your convenience. 欢迎在您方便的时候给予面谈的机会。 Please give us a reply at your earliest convenience. 请早日回复。 Can you telephone me at your convenience to arrange a meeting? 你能不能在方便时给我来个电话，安排见一次面？ 910. “This is what I call tapping a reservoir of love,” he said. (Ppara. 9)Ttap: vt. to exploit or draw a supply from (a resource)开发（资源）e.g. We have enormous reserves of oil still waiting to be tapped. 我们有巨大的石油矿藏在等待开发。these magazines have tapped into a target market of consumers.这些杂志已经开发了消费者目标市场。a reservoir of love 这里使用了暗喻（metaphor）的修辞。e.g. the sea of troubles忧愁之海101. Both downloads and physical sales count on the Official Chart Companys count, according to their Web site. （pPara. 12）根据网站，官方排行榜公司的数字里，下载量和唱片的实体销售都有效。Count意为“have weight; take into account起作用；值得考虑”。count on常见的用法有如下： to count on 依赖, 依靠 ; 期望, 指望 e.g. They counted on foreign investment to stimulate their economy. 他们想依靠外国投资来刺激他们的经济。 Count on me to help you heart and soul. 相信我会全心全意地帮助你。You can count on me(my) doing my best. 请相信，我一定尽力而为。 We can count on the weather being fine. 我们可以指望天气好转。 You can count on our support in any emergency. （你们）如果有什么紧急情况，我们一定支援。 dDownload: v., n. to : copy (data) from one computer system to another