新概念第三册Lesson 1 A puma at large超全学习笔记.doc

Lesson 1 A puma at large1. at large 在逃的，未被捕获的a prisoner/suspect at largeThe disease is still at large（蔓延，肆虐）.2. Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. cat-like animals bear-like animals child-like simplicity angel-like girl crystal-like eyes flu-like symptomsFoxes and farmers have never got on well. These small dog-like animals have long been accused of killing farm animals. (CET4, 2002.1) be found in 一般过去时 “被发现”一般现在时 “存在于，产于”Many plant and animal species are found only in the rain forests.Vitamin C is found in citrus fruit. 造句：大熊猫是一种大型的，类似于熊的动物，产于中国四川省。Giant pandas are large, bear-like animals which are found in Sichuan Province, China.3. When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. come intoe.g. He came into the classroom.However, a new type of humor, which stems largely from the US, has recently come into fashion.（NCE 3, P138）The dealer told him that it had just come in, but that he could not be bothered to open it.（NCE 3, P158）无灵主语/物称主语（inanimate subject）e.g. The sea bed was scoured with powerful nets and there was tremendous excitement on board when a chest was raised from the bottom.（NCE 3, P150）满堂花醉三千客，一剑光寒十四洲。唐 贯休和尚癫狂柳絮随风舞，轻薄桃花逐水流。 唐 杜甫一条雪浪吼巫峡，千里火云烧益州。 唐 李商隐 送崔玉往西周无边落木萧萧下，不尽长江滚滚来。 唐 杜甫造句： 我想到了一个好主意。I thought of a good idea.A good idea came into my mind.A good idea flashed into my mind.他丧失了信心。He lost his confidence.Confidence deserted him.那一夜我无法入睡。I couldnt sleep that night.That night sleep eluded（躲避）me.他进城办事去了。He went to the town on business.Business took him to the town.到了黄昏的时候，我们才走了一半的路。We only travelled half the distance at sunset.Sunset met us halfway.最近这些年来，有大批的外国人涌入中国，或是来学习，或是来旅游，或是做生意。The past few years witnessed the great influx of foreigners to China, for travelling, studies or business.我们全家人在一个风和日丽的星期天到海滨去远足。A warm and sunny Sunday found my whole family going for an outing at the beach. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别：a. 从定义上看b. 从形式上看The proposal that John should be dismissed is unacceptable.The proposal that John put forward is unacceptable.We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by the Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Thomas Jefferson spot n. 地点 e.g. a shady a scenic spot v. 发现 had been seen/found/observed in/ on/ to the south of e.g. Shanghai is in the south of China. Vietnam is on the south of China.Indonesia is (to the) south of China. 100 kilometers (to the) south of Xian takeseriously takelightly they were taken lightly 造句：当消息传到了国家博物馆，说在西安以南100公里处发现了一座古墓的时候，这则消息收到了重视。When news came into the national museum that an ancient tomb had been found 100 kilometers south of Xian, it was taken seriously.4. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar. however 转折标志 aswith be/feel obliged to do感到必须做be/feel compelled to do（由于外界压力）不得不做 e.g. President Nixon felt compelled to pel v. 迫使 com- together -pel pushbe/feel impelled to do （由于内心动力）必须做 investigate the marketinvestigate the casethe FBI: the Federal Bureau of investigationcensus 对数量的调查，人口普查 e.g. the Fifth National Censussurvey/ poll/ opinion poll民意调查，民意测验e.g. The noise pollution survey revealed a rather surprising and possibly amusing old fashioned source of noise. (NCE 3, P216) for/because/since/as/in that/now (that)a. because 回答why 句中，句首b. since/as 语气弱 句中，句首c. for/in that 最弱 只能在主句后面，for当介词可以在句首d. now (that) 同时强调时间和原因 “因为”“现在” 句中，句首注意：不能表示过去的事情e.g. Now that a tunnel has been built through the mountains, the Pass is less dangerous, but each year, the dogs are still sent out into the snow whenever a traveler is in difficulty. (NCE 3, P42) give descriptionsdescriptions (which were) given by people非谓语动词作定语e.g. The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw a large cat only five yards away from her. (NCE 3, P14)John had a very good day and put his wallet containing $3000 into the microwave oven for safekeeping. (NCE 3, P38)For hundreds of years, St. Bernard dogs have saved the lives of travelers crossing the dangerous Pass. (NCE 3, P42)novels written by Lu Xun movies directed by Zhang YimouThe man leaning against the wall named George is my brother. claim to have doneclaim to do e.g. So far, no organization has claimed to be responsible for the accident.不定式的完成式（先于谓语动作发生）e.g. Everyone went to the funeral, for the “ghost” was none other than Eric Cox, a third brother who was supposed to have died as a young man. (NCE 3, P142)When I was a boy, my grandfather told me how a German taxi driver, Franz Bussman, found a brother who was thought to have been killed twenty years before. (NCE 3, P166) extraordinaryextraordinarily 重音后移primarily, absolutely, necessarily, temporarilywere extraordinarily similar = were particularly alike = had a lot in common = had considerable commonalitiese.g. well, I saw the ad on the back of the bus stop today. And uh though it was not exactly like looking in the mirror, you cant deny that there is a certain commonality in our visages（面貌）.I guess we do look a little bit alike. 造句：随着病例开始慢慢增多，医学专家们觉得必须要调查了。因为得了这种病的人的症状特别的相似。As the cases began to accumulate, specialists felt obliged to investigate, for the symptoms of people who had caught the disease were extraordinarily similar.5. hunt fore.g. Im hunting for a job now. The hunt for a job will begin tomorrow.“的”翻译（不一定用介词 of）the winter in America the entrance to the parking lota witness to the accident a longing for love the reason for the disaster6. woman villager 村姑7. onlyjustmerelyno more thannot more than 不多于8. confirm证实说e.g. President Hu Jintao confirmed that he would visit the United States next month.I dont know whether what she said is true, but Ill try to _ it.A. conform B. confirmC. confessD. confine9. prove (to be) + adj./n. 被证明是e.g. His injury proved (to be) fatal. The operation proved (to be) a success/successful.turn out to be + adj./n. 原来是e.g. When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman. (NCE 3, P22)10. Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. 疑问词 + ever（whenever, wherever, whoever, whichever, whatever）a. 表示“无论”引导让步状语从句 = no matter + 疑问词e.g. No matter where you live, you would find it difficult not to laugh at, say, Charlie Chaplins early films. (NCE 3, P22)b. 表示“到底”用于疑问句中e.g. Where did you go yesterday?Wherever did you go yesterday?“Whatever are you doing up here Bill? “asked the vicar in surprise.(NCE 3, P18)When ever am I going to see you again?When will you ever learn?A. These things take time to learn.B. Will you study anymore?C. Why do you keep on making the same mistakes?D. It will be a good learning experience for you. a trail of 一连串的e.g. Wherever he went, he left a trail of behind him. （描述特征） Wherever he went, he left a trail of unpaid bills behind him. Wherever he went, he left a trail of broken hearts behind him.11. Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes. 被动语态突出重点造句：人们对下岗工人的生活状况越来越关注了。People have paid more attention to the condition of the laid-off workers.Increasing attention has been paid to the condition of the laid-off workers.（China Daily） fur a fur coat裘皮大衣feather fur and feather（借代，头韵）= birds and beasts飞禽走兽（拼写短的单词在前） fin, fur and feather = all kinds of animals The crown should not yield to the cross. 王权不应该屈服于神权。中文的借代：臣本布衣，躬耕于南阳。诸葛亮 出师表巾帼不让须眉过尽千帆皆不是，斜晖脉脉水悠悠金陵十二钗 三千粉黛无颜色12. complain of/about sth.claim声称confirm 证实说add 补充说 e.g. Then I added with a smile, “Its strange mixture I make myself. (NCE 3, P54)put it 措辞e.g. , as one of them put it “ate like kings”. (NCE 3, P58)Let me put it this way. 让我这么跟你说吧。To put it another way, 换句话说state声明说 e.g. The writer stated that Rastus was in safe hands. (NCE 3, P86)13. on a fishing trip on a business/honeymoon tripon a journey/voyage/expedition/toure.g. President Hu Jintao is on a five-nation tour.14. be convinced thatconvince sb. of sth.in that except/but thatAfter telling several of his friends about the theft, Dimitri found out（副词）that his neighbor, Aleko, had suddenly acquired a new lamb. (NCE 3, P74 )15. report missinge.g. report your ID card missing In the accident, 200 people were reported missing.16. must have done对过去的肯定的推测 e.g. You must have been ill yesterday. You looked do pale.must do e.g. She knew that it must be the baker. (NCE 3, P62)may/might have donecan not/could not have donee.g. You cant have been ill yesterday. I saw you going shopping with your wife.The girl asked to see a timetable, feeling sure that her father could not have made such a mistake. (NCE 3, P268)should/ought to have done 虚拟（责备）should not/ ought not to have done e.g. You should have finished your work yesterday. She looks very happy. She _ have passed the exam.I guess so. Its not difficult at all. (NMET 2007)A. ShouldB. couldC. mustD. mightI cant find my purse anywhere. You _ have lost it while shopping. (NMET, 2008)A. mayB. canC. shouldD. wouldIm sorry. I _ at you the other day. Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.A. shouldnt shoutB. shouldnt have shouted C. mustnt shoutD. mustnt have shoutedThe policeman dec