风电机组测试技术.pdf

P1 风电机组测试技术风电机组测试技术 Wind Turbine Test Technology 中国电力科学研究院 China Electric Power Research Institute P2 内容 Content 1 目的和意义 Purpose and Meaning 2 风电机组功率特性测试 Power Performance Measurements of Wind Turbine 3 风电机组电能质量测试 Power Quality Measurements of Wind Turbine 4 可再生能源发电实验室情况介绍 Introduction of Renewable Energy Lab P3 1 目的和意义目的和意义 Purpose and Meaning 设计评估设计评估 Design Assessment 质量管理评估质量管理评估 Quality Management 样机测试样机测试 Prototype testing 功率特性功率特性 Power Performance 电能质量电能质量 Power Quality 噪声噪声 Acoustic 载荷载荷 Loads 最终评估最终评估 Final Evaluation 型式认证型式认证 Type Certificate 生产评估生产评估 IPE 风电机组测试是型式认证的重要环节 Wind turbine test is an important part of type certification P4 Xinjiang Inner Mongolia Jilin Jiangsu Jiuquan 1 目的和意义目的和意义 Purpose and Meaning Xinjiang Inner Mongolia Jilin Jiangsu Jiuquan 千万千瓦风电基地 10GW Wind Power Base Map P5 风电机组测试为评价风电对电网的影响提供依据 Wind turbine test provides the evidence for evaluation of influence of wind power on power grid 控制策略验证 control strategy Validation 仿真仿真 Simulation 测试测试 Test 预测预测 Prediction 控制控制 Control 仿真结果验证 Simulation Result Verification 功率曲线 Power curve 1 目的和意义目的和意义 Purpose and Meaning P6 测试标准 Test standard 数据分析与计算 Data analysis and calculation 设备安装和数据采集 Mounting of instruments and data collection 测试设备 Test equipment 试验场地评估 Test site assessment 桅杆位置的选择Location of meteorological mast 确定测量扇区 Determination of measurement sector 2 风电机组功率特性测试风电机组功率特性测试 Power performance measurements of wind turbine P7 测试标准 Test standard IEC 61400 12 1 2005 Power performance measurements of electricity producing wind turbines 风力发电机组 功率特性测试 GB T 18451 2 2003 风力发电机组 功率特性试验 Wind turbine generator systems Wind turbine power performance testing P8 测试场地评估Test site assessment 风Wind 风机位置 Turbine site 风Wind 风机位置 Turbine site No calibration required 无需标定 calibration required 需要标定 P9 距离 Distance 扇区 Sector 地形最大倾角 Maximum slope 最大地形变化 Maximum terrain variation from plane 2 L360 3 0 04 H D 2 L and 4 L 测量扇区 measurement sector 5 0 08 H D 2 L and 4 L 测量扇区外部 outside measurement sector 10 不适用 Not applicable 4 L and 8 L 测量扇区 measurement sector 10 0 13 H D The maximum slope of the plane which provides the best fit to the sectoral terrain and passes through the tower base 与扇区地形最吻合 并通过塔架的基础的平面的最大倾角 The line of steepest slope that connects the tower base to individual terrain points within the sector 连接塔架的基础和扇区内的每个地形点的直线的最大倾角 试验场地评估Test site assessment 8 x L D 40 m H is not relevant 3 200 m 5 on 400 m 5 on 800 m 2 x L 4 x L 10 on 800 m P10 测试场地评估Test site assessment 风wind 风机位置 Turbine site 风Wind 风机位置 Turbine site Site calibration 场地标定 P11 桅杆位置的选择 Location of meteorological mast 气象桅杆不能离风电机组太近或太远 Meteorological mast shall neither too close nor too far to the wind turbine 气象桅杆与风电机组的距离为风机叶轮 直径的2到4倍 推荐2 5倍 Distance from meteorological mast to wind is between 2 and 4 times rotor diameter of the wind turbine 2 5times is recommended 气象桅杆的最佳位置为主风向的上风 向 Best location for meteorological mast is the upwind of the turbine in main wind direction 需要考虑其他风机和障碍物对桅杆的影 响 Influence of other wind turbines and obstacles on meteorological mast shall be taken into account 4D位置气象桅杆 2 5D 2D 风电机组 由于风电机组尾流效应而 排除的扇面角 2D处为 81 2 5D处为 4D处为 59 74 最大测量扇面 2D处为 279 2 5D处为 286 4D处为 301 气象桅杆至风电机组的中心线 D P12 确定测量扇区 Determination of measurement sector 排除以下影响之后得到有效测量扇区 a 气象桅杆受到测试风电机组 邻近且正 在运行的风电机组或有影响障碍物的尾流 影响 Meteorological mast is in the wake of wind turbine under test neighbouring and operating wind turbines or significant obstacles b 测试风电机组受到邻近且正在运行的风 电机组或有影响障碍物的尾流影响 Wind turbine under test is in the wake of neighbouring and operating wind turbines or significant obstacles 气象桅杆 邻近且正在运行的风机 测试风机 有影响的障碍物 气象桅杆 气象桅杆 气象桅杆 气象桅杆 有影响的障碍物 有影响的障碍物 有影响的障碍物 有影响的障碍物 邻近且正在运行的风机 邻近且正在运行的风机 邻近且正在运行的风机 邻近且正在运行的风机 测试风机 测试风机测试风机 测试风机 有效扇区 NN N N N N a b c d e f Ln Dn 2 5 74 扰动扇面 Ln Dn 3 4 64 扰动扇面 48 扰动扇面 Ln Dn 6 0 Le De 7 2 44 扰动扇面 40 扰动扇面 Le De 9 0 Le Le 236 199 162 49 81 113 32 56 80 93 115 137 59 79 99 0 90 180 270 32 49 59 80 93 99 113 137 162 236 2 3 1 3 4 9 w h e lD lD DD 2 3 1 3 4 9 w h e lD lD DD P13 测试设备 Test equipment 序号 NO 测试内容 Test content 测试设备 Test equipment 1 风速 Wind speed 风速计 Cup anemometer 2 风向 Wind direction 风向标 Wind vane 3 空气密度 Air density 1 温度传感器 Temperature sensor 2 气压传感器 Pressure sensor 3 降雨量传感器Rain sensor 4 湿度传感器 高温潮湿时 Humidity sensor high temperatures 4 电功率 Electric power 功率变送器 Power transducer 5 数据采集 Data acquisition 数据记录仪 Data logger P14 测试设备 Test equipment P I N I 数据收集系统 Data acquisition system Data数据 Time row 时间序列 辅助功率 Auxiliry power 测试系统示意图测试系统示意图 Schematic drawing of testing system P15 设备安装和数据采集 Mounting of instruments and data collection 气象桅杆上设备的安装 Mounting of instruments on the meteorological mast P16 设备安装和数据采集 Mounting of instruments and data collection 气象桅杆上设备的安装 Mounting of instruments on the meteorological mast P17 设备安装和数据采集 Mounting of instruments and data collection P18 数据分析与计算 Data analysis and calculation MEASURED POWER CURVE IEC Example with the standard uncertainty confidence interval of 68 reference air density 1 225 kg m 100 0 100 0 300 0 500 0 700 0 900 0 1100 0 02468101214161820222426 wind speed m s power output kW 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 cp 测试结果 Test results MEASURED POWER CURVE IEC Example reference air density 1 225 kg m category Acategory Bcombined cut out windspeed 27 m suncertainty binhub heightpowercpno ofstandardstandardstandard no wind speedoutputdata setsuncertaintyuncertaintyuncertainty m s kW 10 min avg kW kW kW 12 1 3 6 0 2701380 0510 510 5 22 5 3 6 0 1682750 0410 510 5 33 0 3 0 0 0802720 5610 510 6 43 5 2 1 0 0353250 5510 510 6 54 04 40 0493880 5510 510 6 64 58 70 0684161 2810 710 8 75 027 40 1584061 2510 610 7 85 564 50 2753501 4312 712 8 96 0109 10 3642842 1417 517 6 106 5157 90 4092853 1122 522 7 117 0207 60 4302953 1023 523 7 127 5262 10 4432893 2526 026 2 138 0327 50 4562503 2630 330 5 148 5395 20 4602154 3537 237 4 159 0462 00 4531794 9440 440 7 169 5556 10 4641835 0241 942 2 1710 0629 80 4491335 8360 460 6 1810 5701 70 4361286 8249 249 6 1911 0786 50 4211196 8354 655 0 2011 5836 50 3921016 6558 959 3 功率曲线 风电机组在不同风速下产生电能的能力 Power curve Ability of wind turbine to generate power at different wind speeds 功率系数曲线 风电机组输出的净电功率与通过风轮扫掠面上最大可利用风能功率之比 Power coefficient curve Ratio of the net electric power output of a wind turbine to the power available in the free stream wind over the rotor swept area P19 数据分析与计算 Data analysis and calculation 0 0 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 1 0 1 2 01234567891011121314151617181920 wind speed m s relative power Mast South Mast North 年发电量计算 通过功率曲线进行年发电量估算 Annual energy production AEP calculation Generic AEP is estimated by applying of the measured power curve 不确定度分析 分析由于设备校准 安装 数据采集和处理等环节对测量结果的不 确定度影响 Uncertainty analysis analyze the influence of equipment calibration mounting data collection and data processing on the uncertainty of test results P20 3 风电机组电能质量测试风电机组电能质量测试 Power Quality Measurements of Wind Turbine 无功功率 Reactive power 有功功率 Active power 测试标准 Test standard 风机重并网时间 Reconnection time 电 网 保 护 Grid protection 电流分量 Current components 低电压穿越 LVRT 闪变 Flicker P21 测试标准 Test standard IEC 61400 21 2008 Measurement and assessment of power quality characteristics of grid connected wind turbines 并网风力发电机组 电能质量特性测试 GB T 20320 2006 风力发电机组 电能质量测量和评估方法 Measurement and assessment of power quality characteristics of wind turbine generator system P22 闪变 Flicker WEA IWEA UZK ideales Netz WEA Umspannwerk Leitung Kraftwerksverbund Verkn pfungs punkt mit m glichem Verbraucher UV Uideal RkLk ZV Wind turbine PCC Substation Power plant connection WT I WT 虚拟电网阻抗角 k arctan Rk Xk IEC 闪变仪的输入电压 P23 切换操作 Switching operations Pitch variable speed Current 2 4 2 2 2 0 1 8 1 6 1 4 1 2 1 0 0 8 0 6 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 1 0 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8 2 0 2 2 2 4 kA 203244566880 s n fick n ficfic kU S S U UU k min max 3 电压变动系数 Voltage change factor 闪变阶越系数 Flicker step factor 31 0 130 1 pficst n fick kf TP S S k P24 电流谐波电流谐波 谐波谐波 harmonics 50Hz f 2kHz 间谐波间谐波 interharmonics 50Hz f 2kHz 高频分量高频分量 higher frequency components 2kHz f 9kHz 电流分量 Current components 电流分量 Current components P25 谐波 Harmonics 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 05101520253035404550 Order OrderActive powercurrents in kW of Ir 2999 60 3 41227 10 61000 80 81035 30 101035 30 121035 30 141035 30 16911 60 1823 70 20583 60 2 22988 60 2423 70 2632 70 281000 80 301000 80 321035 30 3473 70 3673 70 3880 70 40779 30 42787 40 44960 30 4673 70 4873 70 501035 30 OrderActive powercurrents in kW of Ir 31205 61 1 51390 5 7834 40 9 962 30 1132 70 2 1332 70 1 1580 70 174030 2 194030 9 211186 10 1 231147 90 2 25586 90 271000 80 29321 80 31130 60 3373 70 3580 70 3780 70 3980 70 41348 80 43948 30 451011 60 47924 70 49958 70 Max THC1 322 Active Power at max THC kW 1384 68 P26 低电压穿越测试 LVRT test Case Magnitude of voltage phase to phase fraction of voltage immediately before the drop occurs Magnitude of positive voltage fraction of voltage immediately before the drop occurs Duration 持续时间持续时间 s Shape 波形波形 CD1 symmetrical three phase voltage drop CD1 对称三相电压跌落对称三相电压跌落 0 90 0 050 90 0 050 5 0 02 CD2 symmetrical three phase voltage drop CD2 对称三相电压跌落对称三相电压跌落 0 50 0 050 50 0 050 5 0 02 CD3 symmetrical three phase voltage drop CD3 对称三相电压跌落对称三相电压跌落 0 20 0 050 20 0 050 2 0 02 CD4 two phase voltage drop CD4 两相电压跌落两相电压跌落 0 90 0 050 95 0 050 5 0 02 CD5 two phase voltage drop CD5 两相电压跌落两相电压跌落 0 50 0 050 75 0 050 5 0 02 CD6 two phase voltage drop CD6 两相电压跌落两相电压跌落 0 20 0 050 60 0 050 2 0 02 P27 有功功率变化率限制 Active power ramp rate limitation P28 有功功率定点控制 Active power set point control P29 有功功率定点控制 Active power set point control P30 无功功率定点控制 Reactive power set point control P31 电网保护 Grid Protection 电网保护 电网保护 Grid Protection 过压 低压保护过压 低压保护 Over voltage Protection and Under voltage Protection 高频 低频保护高频 低频保护 Over frequency Protection and Under Frequency Protection P32 风机并网重连时间 Reconnection time Reconnection time 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 012345678 time