2012年职称英语真题卫生类B(含答案解析).doc

2012年职称英语卫生类B级答案1、 词汇选项： 1. The city center was wiped out by the bomb.A. coveredB. reducedC. destroyedD. moved2. The contempt he felt for his fellow students was obvious.A. needB. loveC. hateD. pity3. A larg crowd assembled outside the American embassy.A. watchedB. shoutedC. walked D. gathered4. He inspired many young people to take up sports.A. allowedB. encouragedC. calledD. advised5. The storm caused severe damage.A. seriousB. physicalC. accidentalD. enviromental6. I think $7 a drink is a bit steep, dont you?A. tightB. lowC. cheapD. high7. Do we have to wear these name tags?A. listsB. formsC. lablesD. codes8. Most baby can take in a wide range of food easily.A. bringB. keepC. serveD. digest9. Joe came to the window as the crowd chanted ”Joe,Joe,Joe”A. repeatedB. jumpedC. maintainedD. approached10. What puzzles me is why his books are so popular.A. shocksB. influencesC. confusesD. concerns11. All the flats in the building had the same layout.A. colorB. arrangementC. sizeD. function12. The weather was crisp and clear and you could see the mountains fifty miles away.A. freshB. hotC. heavyD. windy13. The walls are made of hollow concret blocks.A. bigB. long C. newD. empty14. Our aim was to update the health service and we succeeded.A. modernizeB. offerC. provideD. fund15. Her comments about men are utterly ridiculous.A. slightlyB. partlyC. completely D. Faintly第二部分：阅读判断下面的短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。Tiny InvadersThe human body is truly amazing. It allows us to sense the world around us, to do work and have fun, and to move from place to place. In fact, the human body does its work so well that most people dont think about it very much until they get sick.The germs (致病菌) that make people sick are eyerywhere. You cant see them ，but theyre there. Theyre sitting on your desk. Theyre hiding on your computers keyboard. Theyre even in the air that you are breathing. There are two types of germs: viruses and bacteria ( 细菌 ). Viruses are germs that can only live inside animals or plants. Viruses cause illnesses such as flu and measles ( 麻疹) . Bacteria are tiny creatures. Some bacteria are good. They can help your stomach break down food. Other bacteria arent so good. They can make you sick.Bacteria can cause sore throats ( 喉痛) and ear infections.How can you stop these tiny invaders from making you sick? Your skin is the first defense against germs. You can prevent some illnesses simply by washing with soap and water. But germs can still enter the body through small cuts in the skin or through the mouth, eyes, and nose.Once germs are inside your body, your immune ( 免疫的) system tries to protect you. It looks for and destroys germs. How does it do that? Special cells patrol your body. Some of these cells actually eat germs! Other cells make antibodies. An antibody sticks to a germ. There is a different antibody for each kind of germ. Some antibodies keep germs from making you sick. Others help your body find and kill germs. After a germ is destroyed, the antibodies stay in your body. They protect you if the same kind of germ comes back. That way you will not get the same illness twice.You can keep your body healthy by eating a nutritious ( 有营养的) diet to make your immune system strong. You can also help your immune system fight germs by gettingvaccinated (接种) Vaccines are medicines. They contain germs that have been killed or weakened. The dead germs cant make you sick. Instead, they cause your body to make antibodies. If the same germ ever shows up again, then your antibodies attack it. 16. Viruses can only live inside people or animals. A. Right B. Wrong C. Notmentioned 17. All bacteria cause illnesses. A. Right B. Wrong C. Notmentioned 18. Washing your skin can prevent some illnesses. A. Right B. Wrong C. Notmentioned 19. Germs can enter the body through the eyes. A. Right B. Wrong C. Notmentioned 20. The heart contains the bodys strongest muscle. A. Right B. Wrong C. Notmentioned 21. After they kill germs, antibodies stay in the body. A. Right B. Wrong C. Notmentioned 22 Vaccines can make you sick. A .Right B. Wrong C. Notmentioned三、概括大意和完成句子： 第3 部分： 概括大意与完成句子(第28-30题，每题1 分，共8分)下面的短文后有2 项测试任务：(1) 第23-26 题要求从所给的6 个选项中为第1-4 段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2) 第27 -30 题要求从所给的6 个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。Multiple Sclerosis（多发性硬化症）1. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease in which the patients immune（免疫的）system attacks the central nervous system. This can lead to numerous physical and mental symptoms, as the disease affects the transmission of electrical signals between the body and the brain. However, the human body, being a flexible, adaptable system, can compensate for some level of damage, so a person with MS can look and feel fine even though the disease is present. 2. MS patients can have one of two main varieties of the disease: the relapsing form （复发型）and the primary progressive form. In the relapsing form, the disease progresses in a series of jumps; at times it is in remission（减轻）.which means that a persons normal functions return for a period of time before the system goes into relapse and the disease again becomes more active. This is the most common form of MS; 80-90% of people have this form of the disease when they are first diagnosed. The relapse-remission cycle can continue for many years. Eventually, however, Ioss of physical and cognitive functions starts to take place and the remissions become less frequent. 3. In the primary progressive form of MS, there are no remissions and a continual but steady loss of physical and cognitive functions takes place. This condition affects about 10-15% of sufferers at diagnosis. 4. The expected course of the disease, or prognosis（预后）,depends on many variables: the subtype of the disease, the patients individual characteristics and the initial symptoms. Life expectancy of patients, however, is often nearly the same as that of an unaffected person - provided that a reasonable standard of care is received. In some cases a near-normal life span is possible. 5. The cause of the disease is unclear; it seems that some people have a genetic Susceptibility（易感性）,which is triggered by some unknown environmental factor. Onset（发作）of the disease usually occurs in young adults between the ages of 20 and 40.It is more common in women than men; however, it has also been diagnosed in young children and in elderly people. 23. Paragraph 1_ 24. Paragraph 2 _ 25. Paragraph 3_ 26. Paragraph 4_ A. The relapsing form of MS B. The cause of MS C. The primary progressive form of MS D. The definition of MS E. The development of MS F. The treatment for MS 27. MS affects the communication of nerve cells between the body and _ 28. An MS patient can feel fine for years without being affected much by _ 29. 10-15% of MS patients are diagnosed as having _ 30. Young adults might have a higher chance of developing the disease than _ A. the elderly people B. relatives of MS patients C. the progressive form D. the brain E. life expectancy F. the disease 四、阅读理解 第一篇：Genetic EngineeringGenetic engineering began when the DNA molecule(分子), the most basic unit of life, was first described in 1953 by James Watson and Francis Crick. An understanding of DNA led to the altering of normal cell reproduction. Experiments with altering human cells began in 1970. In one of the first experiments, patients were injected with a virus that would produce a life-saving enzyme, but their bodies would not accept it. In 1980 patients with a rare but fatal blood disease were injected with a purified gene that was cloned through DNA technology. Another failure.Genetic engineering got a legal boost(激励) in 1980. The U.S. Supreme Court said that a patent could be granted on a genetically engineered oil-eating bacterium(细菌). This bacterium would help clean up oil spills. The ruling encouraged companies to invent new life forms, and three important medical products were quickly developed. Human interferon(干扰素)- a possible solution to some cancers and viral disease. A newly engineered bacterium produced human interferon as a by-product. This new product reduced the cost of interferon. Human growth hormone- for children whose bodies do not grow to normal height. An expensive growth hormone(荷尔蒙) was previously produced from human cadavers, but by changing the genetic make-up of the single-cell bacterium E. coli, and affordable growth hormone could be produced. Human insulin(胰岛素)- for the treatment of diabetes. People with diabetes used to rely on a beef- or pork-based product until 1982. Now insulin can be manufactured by genetically altered bacteria.Advances in genetic engineering have continued, though they constantly must be weighted against the safety of procedures. There is clearly much more to discover.31. This passage is mainly aboutA. the human growth hormone.B the effects of altering cells.C. insulin resistance. D. U.S. Supreme Court rulings.32. Genetic enginerring may be defined asA. the altering of normal cell reproductionB. a branch of applied chemistry. C. a procedure that holds little promise.D. a study on life-saving enzymes.33. According to the passage, human interferonA. is a hormone that causes disease.B. could be used to treat cancer.C. is a viral diseaseD. has been cured34. In this passage, the three genetically engineered medical products are presentedA. as a process. B. from earliest to latest.C. in a simple list.D.as a story.35. In the last paragraph, the word weighed has the cloest meaning withA. had great influenceB. became a burden. C. measured accurately.D. considered carefully.第二篇 New Attempts to Eradicate（根除） AIDS VirusAn attempt to eradicate the AIDS virus in a few patients continues to show promise.But researchers wont know for a year or more whether it will work, scientist David Ho told journalists here Wednesday for the Fourth Conference in Viruses and Infections.“This is a study thats in progress,” says Ho, head of the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York.The study involves 20 people who started combinations of anti-HIV drugs very early in the course of the disease, within 90 days of their infections. Theyve been treated for up to 18 months. Four others have dropped out because of side effects or problems complying with the exacting drug system.The drugs have knocked the AIDS virus down to undetectable levels in the blood of all remaining patients. And, in the latest development, scientists have now tested lymph nodes and semen from a few patients and found no virus reproducing there, Ho says. “Bear in mind that undetectable does not equal absent,” Ho says.Ho has calculated that the drugs should be able to wipe out remaining viruses at least from known reservoirs throughout the body in two to three years. But the only way to prove eradication would be to stop the drugs and see if the virus comes back. On Wednesday, Ho said he wouldnt ask any patient to consider that step before 2 (1/2) years of treatment.And he emphasized that he is not urging widespread adoption of such early, aggressive treatment outside of trials. No one knows the long-term risks.But other scientists are looking at similar experiments. A federally funded study will put 300 patients on triple-drug treatments（三种药物混合治疗） and then see if some responding well after six months can continue to suppress（抑制） the virus on just one or two drugs, says researcher Douglas Richman of the University of California, San Diego. Some patients in that study also may be offered the chance to stop therapy after 18 months or more, he says.36. According to the passage，the attempt to eradicate the AIDS virus A. hasnt been made seriously B. continues to show promise C. is appreciated by California University D. will be successful in two and a half years37. Which of the following is NOT true about Hos study?A. 20 patients were involved in the studyB. The patients have used several anti-HIV drugsC. The patients have been treated for up to 18months D. 16 patients withdrew from the experiment38. By saying “Bear in mind that undetectable does not equal absent” ，Ho means thatA. AIDS virus may exist in the blood without being detected.B. AIDS virus is undetectable in the blood.C. no AIDS virus can be detected in the blood.D. no virus found in the blood means no AIDS.39. How can we prove that the drugs have wiped out the remaining virus?A. By using up all the drugs at once.B. By waiting for the virus to die slowly.C. By analyzing the treatment record thoroughly.D. By stopping the drugs to see if the virus comes back.40. Other scientists experiments are similar to Hos inA. the size of the experimentB. the cost of the experimentC. the time the experiment takes D. the ways the patients are treated第三篇Gross National HappinessIn the last century， new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries. However， one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia， the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist(佛教)culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan， however， was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its people could not read， and they did not know much about the outside world. Then， in 1972， a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern， but without losing its traditions.King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross Natonal Product(GNP). The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases people say the country is making progress. King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his countrys progress by peoples happiness. If the peoples happiness increased， the king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happier， he created a measure called Gross National Happiness(GNH).GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy, protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally, people are happier when they have a good, stable government.Now these is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated and employed. Teenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Although the country still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet.Bhutan is a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutans GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new policies that take care of their people, cultures, and land.Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhaps the rest of the world will follow. 41. Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck?A. A president.B. A buddist preist.C. A king.D. A general.42. Apart from moderizing Bhutan, what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan?A. To make its populaton grow.B. To keep it separate from the world.C. To encourage its people to get rich.D. To keep its tradition and customs.43. A country shows its progress with GNP byA. spending more money.B. spending less money.C. selling more products.D. providing more jobs.44. According to GNH, people are happier if they A. have new technology. B. have a good, stable government. C. can change their religion. D. have more money.45. Today many countries are A. trying to find their own ways to measure happiness. B. using the principles of GNH to measure their progress. C. working together to develop a common scale to measure GNH. D. taking both Bhutan and Brazil as symbols for social progress.第5 部分： 补全短文(第46-50题，每题2分，共10分)下面的短文有5 处空白，短文后有6 个句子，其中5 个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。Voice Your Opinion: Change Is Needed in Youth SportsEverywhere you look, you see kids bouncing a basketball or waving a tennis racquet (网球拍). And these kids are getting younger and younger. In some countries, children can compete on basketball, baseball, and volleyball teams starting at age nine. (46) And swimming and gymnastics classes begin at age four, to prepare children for competition.Its true that a few of these kids will develop into highly skilled athletes and may even become members of the national Olympic teams. (47) This emphasis on competition in sports is having serious negative effects.Children who get involved in competitive sports at a young age often grow tired of their sport. Many parents pressure their kids to choose one sport and devote all their time to it. (48) But 66 percent of the young athletes wanted to play