汉译英典型误例分析.docVIP

汉译英典型误例分析一 选词不当E.g. 1 她拒绝对这件事发表意见。She refused to express her opinion on this matter. (She refused to comment on the matter.)E.g. 2 这些工人省吃俭用，为的是为国家多积累资金。These workers save food and expenses to accumulate more funds for the country. (These workers live frugally to accumulate more funds for the country.)E.g. 3 在揭露社会罪恶的同时，这本小说的攻击目标是那些学者阶层。作者要求人们将党的团结置于小派别的争吵之上。While exposing the social evils, the main attack in this novel is directed against the literati. And the author of this novel begs people to set party unity above the bickering of wings.(splinter groups)For Discussion你能介绍一本好书给我吗？Could you introduce me a good book?今年春天由党中央召开的全国科学大会，动员全国人民为祖国的科学、技术现代化而努力。The National Science Conference convened this spring by the Party Central Committee sparked off the entire nation to dig in towards the modernization of science and technology.即使商品质量好，也不能漫天讨价。Even quality goods must have a price limit.我们把狄更斯的成功归功于他高尚的感情。We owe Dickenss success to his noble feelings.在晚会上，邀请一位外国老师为我们唱几首民歌。At the party a foreign teacher was required to sing some folk songs for us.最近人口统计显示中国人口已超过10亿。The latest census shows that Chinas population has surpassed one billion.在人际关系问题上我们不要太浪漫主义。In interpersonal relationship, we do not need too much romanticism.因此，在他的实验室所招的学生中，除一名来自德国外，其余五位均是亚裔学生。Hence, of all the students recruited into his laboratory, except for one German, the other five were all from Asia.得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家横行霸道。I were deeply loved by parents and so arrogant in the home before got illness.二 搭配不当20年来，中国的科学家们为祖国做出了贡献。In the past twenty years, the Chinese scientists did great service to their motherland.中国人民不用多久就会变得富裕起来。It wont be long before the Chinese people will become well off.尽管是一个大学生，小郑连一封英文信都写不好。In spite of a college student, Xiao Zheng cannot write an English letter properly.任何新生事物的成长都是要经过艰难曲折的。The growth of any new thing always has to experience difficulties and setbacks.中国的革命吸引着世界各国人民，中国的社会主义现代化建设，也在得到世界各国人民的支持和帮助。Chinas revolution attracted all the worlds people. Similarly, our socialist modernization is winning interest and support. 三 冗余E.g. 1跨世纪青年一代应该用什么样的姿态迎接充满希望的新世纪，这是我们必须回答的问题。At the transitional phase between the two centuries, in what way the young generation should embrace the forthcoming new century replete with hopes is a question to which we have to seek an answer. (34)Cf. How young people at the turn of the century shall meet the hopeful new century is a question that we have to answer. (23)吸收外来移民，是加拿大长期奉行的国策。Consequently, to attract immigrants from other countries has become a national policy long practiced by Canada.改革开放以来，我国城乡人民的生活水平在不断提高。Ever since the opening and reform, living standards for people in both urban and rural areas in our country has continued to rise.加快城市化的步伐是进一步深化改革的必然要求。To speed up the pace of urbanization is the necessary requirement of further deepening the reform.必须清除政府中贪污腐化现象。We must clear away the phenomena of graft and corruption in the government.四 衔接不当更糟糕的是，他伤害了他人也从不懊悔，反过来，他还觉得人们应该对他感恩戴德。What is worse is that he had no compunctions about hurting others; on the other side, he felt that people should be grateful to him. 他没有老师，没有钱上大学， 然而，他到底还是学会了英语，而且学得很好。He had no teacher, no money to go to college. However, he has learned English, and has learned it well.C.f. Despite the fact that he had no teacher and could not afford college, he has learned English, nevertheless, and his English is very good.李先生就要和他的同事们告别了。他与他们一道工作了很长时间，因此大家不愿让他离开这里。Mr. Li was about to say good-bye to his colleagues. He had worked with them for a long time. So, all of them are not willing that he would leave here.该区地形险要，群众条件好，回旋余地大，安全方面完全有保障。The terrain of this area is strategically located and difficult of access. The mass condition is good. The room for maneuver is large and a complete security is guaranteed.五 死译、硬译E.g. 1 我们就把这个方法建立在更加自觉的基础之上了。We established this method on the basis of more consciousness.C.f. We thus employed this method much more consciously.这个省矿产很丰富。The provinces minerals are rich.张太太也被风吹病了。Mrs.Zhang was blown sick by the wind.中国是个文明古国，幅员辽阔，面积达960多万平方千米。China is a country with an ancient civilization. She has a vast territory and covers an area of 9.6 million square kilometers.在中国，眼下外语文凭的含金量较其他文凭的含金量高。At present, a foreign language diploma contains more gold than other diplomas in China.0312 faction bloc sect splinter group wing这组字指一大团体中，意向相同而无严密组织的一群人。Faction表示相当小的集团，其所以团结是因为其态度或目标异于其他大团体中之其他的人。一个faction是比较关系其见解之被采纳，而非关系全体利益与效果的小圈子；一个faction宁可脱离母体另组对抗团体，也不愿放弃其见解。故此字含有轻蔑意。贬义由顽强、不调和以至明显的不忠，轻重不等。例如：He begged them to set party unity above the bickering of factions（他求他们把党的团结置于派别门派斗争之上）.Splinter group是从一个大团体已分裂出来的较为团结而且较为明确的一个单位，或是正在要分裂出来的一个，通常是为了主张不同；可能基础不固，未能持久。例如：splinter groups that sided with their party on the main issue butagainst it on several smaller ones（在主要问题是与党一致，在数个小问题上则唱反调的分裂小组织）;a movement that was destroyed by its tendency to break intosplinter groups（因有分裂为小组的趋向而遭受破坏的一个运动）.Sect本来是用于宗教团体，多有其特殊的主张，或松懈的连接于一个大团体中，或完全从其中分裂出来。例如：the formation of a number of Protestant sects（许多新教派的成立）.此字亦指一个极权国家中之任何可认明的小组织。Bloc与wing指远较前述各字为大的团体。二字亦指较松懈的组织。Wing不一定表示是有组织的母体中实际的一部分，只是在各种政见上有其明确的立场。例如：a rare agreement between the left and right wings of the countryspolitical sentiment（国家政治观点不同之左右翼罕有的协调）;disclosures that should be satisfying to gadflies of the right wing（右翼的批评家应感到满意的揭露）.较严格的用法上，此字亦能在一个严密组织之内适用，但仍具有团体观念中的极端中间立场。例如：co-operation between the left wing of the Conservative Party and theright wing of the Labor Party in Britain（英国保守党左派与工党右派之合作）.这个字显然不能用于中间立场。Bloc和wing不一样，不含有极端的意思。例如：a power bloc made up of several political shadings（几个政治色彩不同的势力组成的一个权力集团）.此字表示由于安全威胁、竞争，以及求生意志形成的集中力量的结合。例如：Africandelegates that vote as a bloc in the U.N. Assembly（在联合国大会中集体投票的非洲代表们）.不过，此字有时也像wing一样，指没有一个总括敌对blocs的母体。例如：the neutralist bloc ofnations（中立国家集团）;therival power blocs of East and West（东西方敌对的势力集团）.参阅addition，component，denomination，part。0411 hire call up conscript draft employ engage enlist recruit这组字是指雇佣某人一填补一个职位。Hire是这组字中最通俗的一个，因此它很自然的可用来指一个赚取工资而非支薪金的工作人员。例如：hiring three new waitresses（雇佣三位新的女侍应）.不过，这个字也常用于较高的职位。例如：hiring a new managing editor（聘请一位新的总编辑）.有时这个字也用来指雇佣某人担任一项特定的或一次过的工作。例如：hiring a plumber to install the new washing machine（请一位水管匠安装新的洗衣机）;hired to kill the rival racketeer（雇佣来杀死敌对的敲诈勒索者）.这个字因为简洁也可用于一般填补空缺之实务。例如：a department set uo to take care of hiring and firing（设立来掌管雇佣与解雇事务的部门）.Employ是hire的比较正式代用字，有时候用于较有声望的职位。例如：employing him as guidance counselor（延聘他担任辅导顾问）.在政府及正式术语上，一概以这字代替hire。例如：urging businesses to employ the handicapped（促请商业机构雇佣伤残人士）.这字的含意比hire更进一步，它不仅指录用某人，还指继续任用他。因此可以委婉说出use的其他涵义以及hiring意思的employ，在这种情况下就没有这种语气。例如：a firm that employed a staff of two hundred people（雇有两百名员工的商行）;asking when he was last employed（问他上次何时受雇）.Engage用来表示hire或employ的最普通含意时，便显得有点不必要的间接。但它用于一种特定的或一次过的服务却是合宜的，尤其是专业性质的服务。例如：engaging a gardener to mow her lawn once a week（雇用一位园丁为她的草坪每周割草一次）;engaging a lawyer to argue his case in court（聘请一位律师在法庭上为他的案件辩护）.有如employ，这个字也可用于实际上工作的人，尤其是不固定的短期工作。例如：engaging extra summer help（雇用额外的暑期帮手）.Call up，conscript，enlist和recruit都与在军队中服役特别有关连。Call up和conscript专指这一意思，而且必定含有强迫或者非自愿服役的意思。例如：calling up national severice trainees（征召国家兵役受训员）;protesting against being conscripted（抗议被征入伍）.其他两字在军事情况以外均被广泛采用。Recruit与call up和conscript比较，有显著的不同。它用于征求志愿者承担一项工作或职务的呼吁，并不一定发给酬金。例如：special training programmes that made it easy to recruit young men into the air force（使招募青年人加