土木工程-毕业设计-论文-外文翻译.doc

Concrete structure reinforcement designAbstract：structure in the long-term natural environment and under the use environments function, its function is weaken inevitably gradually, our structural engineerings duty not just must finish the building earlier period the project work, but must be able the science appraisal structure damage objective law and the degree, and adopts the effective method guarantee structure the security use, that the structure reinforcement will become an important work. What may foresee will be the 21st century, the human building also by the concrete structure, the steel structure, the bricking-up structure and so on primarily, the present stage I will think us in the structure reinforcement this aspect research should also take this as the main breakthrough direction. Key word： Concrete structure reinforcement bricking-up structure reinforcement steel structure reinforcement 1 Concrete structure reinforcement Concrete structures reinforcement divides into the direct reinforcement and reinforces two kinds indirectly, when the design may act according to the actual condition and the operation requirements choice being suitable method and the necessary technology. 1.1 the direct reinforcements general method1）Enlarges the section reinforcement law Adds the concretes cast-in-place level in the reinforced concrete member in bending compression zone, may increase the section effective height, the expansion cross sectional area, thus enhances the component right section anti-curved, the oblique section anti-cuts ability and the section rigidity, plays the reinforcement reinforcement the role.In the suitable muscle scope, the concretes change curved the component right section supporting capacity increase along with the area of reinforcement and the intensity enhance. In the original component right section ratio of reinforcement not too high situation, increases the main reinforcement area to be possible to propose the plateau component right section anti-curved supporting capacity effectively. Is pulled in the section the area to add the cast-in-place concrete jacket to increase the component section, through new Canada partial and original component joint work, but enhances the component supporting capacity effectively, improvement normal operational performance. Enlarges the section reinforcement law construction craft simply, compatible, and has the mature design and the construction experience; Is suitable in Liang, the board, the column, the wall and the general structure concretes reinforcement; But scene constructions wet operating time is long, to produces has certain influence with the life, and after reinforcing the building clearance has certain reduction. 2) Replacement concretes reinforcement lawThis laws merit with enlarges the method of sections to be close, and after reinforcing, does not affect buildings clearance, but similar existence construction wet operating time long shortcoming; Is suitable somewhat low or has concretes carriers and so on serious defect Liang, column in the compression zone concretes intensity reinforcement. 3) the caking outsourcing section reinforcement lawOutside the Baotou Steel Factory reinforcement is wraps in the section or the steel plate is reinforced components outside, outside the Baotou Steel Factory reinforces reinforced concrete Liang to use the wet outsourcing law generally, namely uses the epoxy resinification to be in the milk and so on methods with to reinforce the section the construction commission to cake a whole, after the reinforcement component, because is pulled with the compressed steel cross sectional area large scale enhancement, therefore right section supporting capacity and section rigidity large scale enhancement. This law also said that the wet outside Baotou Steel Factory reinforcement law, the stress is reliable, the construction is simple, the scene work load is small, but is big with the steel quantity, and uses in above not suitably 600C in the non-protections situation the high temperature place; Is suitable does not allow in the use obviously to increase the original component section size, but requests to sharpen its bearing capacity large scale the concrete structure reinforcement. 4) Sticks the steel reinforcement lawOutside the reinforced concrete member in bending sticks the steel reinforcement is (right section is pulled in the component supporting capacity insufficient sector area, right section compression zone or oblique section) the superficial glue steel plate, like this may enhance is reinforced components supporting capacity, and constructs conveniently. This law construction is fast, the scene not wet work or only has the plastering and so on few wet works, to produces is small with the life influence, and after reinforcing, is not remarkable to the original structure outward appearance and the original clearance affects, but the reinforcement effect is decided to a great extent by the gummy craft and the operational level; Is suitable in the withstanding static function, and is in the normal humidity environment to bend or the tension member reinforcement.5) Glue fibre reinforcement plastic reinforcement lawOutside pastes the textile fiber reinforcement is pastes with the cementing material the fibre reinforcement compound materials in is reinforced the component to pull the region, causes it with to reinforce the section joint work, achieves sharpens the component bearing capacity the goal. Besides has glues the steel plate similar merit, but also has anticorrosive muddy, bears moistly, does not increase the self-weight of structure nearly, durably, the maintenance cost low status merit, but needs special fire protection processing, is suitable in each kind of stress nature concrete structure component and the general construction. This laws good and bad points with enlarge the method of sections to be close; Is suitable reinforcement which is insufficient in the concrete structure component oblique section supporting capacity, or must exert the crosswise binding force to the compressional member the situation. 6) Reeling law This laws good and bad points with enlarge the method of sections to be close; Is suitable reinforcement which is insufficient in the concrete structure component oblique section supporting capacity, or must exert the crosswise binding force to the compressional member the situation. 7) Fang bolt anchor law This law is suitable in the concretes intensity rank is the C20C60 concretes load-bearing member transformation, the reinforcement; It is not suitable for already the above structure which and the light quality structure makes decent seriously. 1.2 The indirect reinforcements general method1) Pre-stressed reinforcement law(1)Thepre-stressed horizontal tension bar reinforces concretes member in bending,because the pre-stressed and increases the exterior load the combined action, in the tension bar has the axial tension, this strength eccentric transmits on the component through the pole end anchor (, when tension bar and Liang board bottom surface close fitting, tension bar can look for tune together with component, this fashion has partial pressures to transmit directly for component bottom surface), has the eccentric compression function in the component, this function has overcome the bending moment which outside the part the load produces, reduced outside the load effect, thus sharpened components anti-curved ability. At the same time, because the tension bar passes to components pressure function, the component crack development can alleviate, the control, the oblique section anti-to cut the supporting capacity also along with it enhancement. As a result of the horizontal lifting stems function, the original components section stress characteristic by received bends turned the eccentric compression, therefore, after the reinforcement, components supporting capacity was mainly decided in bends under the condition the original components supporting capacity 。(2) After the reinforced concrete component uses under the pre-stressed to support the type tension bar reinforcement decides, forms one by to reinforce the component and under supports the compound ultra statically determinate structure system which the type tension bar is composed, under the outside load and the pre-stressed combined action, in the tension bar has the axial force and through (next supports and pole end anchor spot) with components combining site transmits for is reinforced the component, has counter-balanced outside the part the load, changed the original component section endogenic force characteristic, thus sharpened components bearing capacity. This law can reduce is reinforced components stress level, not only causes the reinforcement effect to be good, moreover can also the great scope enhance the structure overall supporting capacity, but after reinforcing, has certain influence to the original structure outward appearance; Is suitable as well as is under the high stress, the high strained condition concretes components reinforcement in the great span or the heavy structure reinforcement, but in the non-protections situation, cannot use in the temperature above 600C in the environment, is also not suitable uses in the concrete shrinkage continuous variation big structure. 2)Increases the supporting reinforcement lawThe addition pivot reinforcement law is through the reduced member in bending effective span, achieves the reduced function, in is reinforced on the component to carry the effect, raises the structure load bearing level the goal. This law simple reliable, but easy to harm buildings original condition and the use function, possibly and reduces uses the space; Is suitable in the concrete term permission concrete structure reinforcement. 1.3Has generally with the concrete structure reinforcement transformation necessary uses technology 1) The request trades the technology It is the joist (either truss) opens the column (or wall), the joist terminal and the joist trades technologies and so on column to call generally; Belongs to one kind of comprehensive technology, by the related structure reinforcement, the superstructure goes against rises with to reposition as well as abandons technologies and so on component demolition to be composed; Is suitable in had buildings reinforcement transformation; Compares with the traditional practices, has the construction time to be short, the expense low, affects and so on merits slightly to the life and the production, but is high to the specification, must complete by the skilled worker, can ensure the security. 2）Plants the muscle technology It is one item is simple and direct to the concrete structure, the effective connection and the anchor technology; May implant the ordinary steel bar, may also implant the bolt type anchor muscle; Has widely applied in had buildings reinforcement improvement project, for example: In the construction leaks buries the steel bar or the steel bar deviation designs the position the recovery, the component increases the section reinforcement to make up the muscle, the superstructure expands cross, goes against rises to Liang, columns lengthening by joining, the house superimposed layer terminal and the high-rise construction addition shearing force wall plants the muscle and so on. 3）Crack patching technology According to the concretes cracks cause, the character and the size, use seal differently protect the method to carry on patching, one kind of skill which causes the structure because to crack reduces the use function which and the durability can restore; Is suitable in had in the building each kind of crack processing, but to the stress crack, besides patching, still should use the corresponding reinforcement measure. The internal patching law is with the forcing pump the cementing material pressure concretes crack, renders the young or up and coming generation to sew up the function, and makes the original structure through its cementation to restore the integrity, this method is suitable for the crack opening is big, and durable and so on is influential to the structure integrity and the security, or has request and so on waterproof anti-seepage crack patching. 4）Carbonized concretes repair technology It is refers to through restores the concretes the alkalinity (inactivation) or increases its impedance to enable the steel bar corrosion which the carbonization creates to obtain the containment technology.5）Concretes surface treatment technology It is refers to uses cleaning up concretes surface stains, the oil mark, the residual as well as the other attachment and so on chemistry method, mechanical method, sand blasting method, vacuum cleaning method, injection method skill. 6）Coagulation mantle of soil seal technologyIt is refers to uses flexible methods and so on aquaseal backfill, polymer grouting, paint film to carry on the waterproofing to the concretes, moisture-proof and against crack processing technology. Like the structure, the component shift the technology, the adjustment structure base frequency technology and so on. 7）Other technologies Like the structure, the component shift the technology, the adjustment structure base frequency technology and so on. 中文翻译：混凝土结构配筋设计 摘要：在长期的自然的环境下使用环境的功能结构，其功能不可避免地渐渐地减弱，我们的结构工程的责任不只是必须完成建设前期项目工作，同时必须能够科学评价结构的破坏目标法律和程度，并采用有效的方法保证结构的安全使用，该结构加固将成为一个重要的工作。什么可以预见将是21世纪人类建筑的混凝土结构，钢结构砌体式结构等为主。另外，现阶段我会觉得在结构加固这方面的研究也应借此作为主要的突破方向。关键词：混凝土结构加固、砌体式结构钢筋结构加固1混凝土结构加固混凝土结构的加固分为直接加固，并加强间接两种，在设计时可根据实际条件和使用要求选择适宜的方法和必要的技术。1.1直接加固的一般方法1）放大段加固法添加混凝土现浇钢筋发生水平弯曲受压区混凝土构件，可能会增加部分有效高度，扩大截面面积，从而提高了组件的右侧部分反弯，斜截面抗切割能力部分刚度，起到加固补强的作用。在适当的肌肉范围，改变混凝土弯曲的组件的右侧部分配套能力，随着钢筋面积和强度的提高增加。在原来的组件的右侧部分钢筋的比例不太高的情况，增加了主要加固面积有可能提出的高原组件的右侧部分抗弯曲能力，有效地支持。拉一节中，通过新的加拿大部分和原构件共同工作的领域添加现浇现浇混凝土外套组成部分增加，但提高了有效成分的配套能力，改善正常的经营业绩。放大段加固法施工工艺简单，兼容，并具有成熟的设计和施工经验，在梁，板，柱，墙和一般结构用混凝土加固;但现场施工的湿作业时间长，对生产与生活有一定的影响，并加强建筑清拆后有一定减少。2）置换混凝土加固法该法与放大优点的部分方法被关闭，并经过加强的，不影响建筑物的清拆，但同样存在施工湿作业时间长的缺点;适合偏低或有混凝土承运人等严重缺陷梁，柱受压区混凝土强度的钢筋。3）粘结外包段加固法外包头钢铁厂强化是在部分或钢板包裹是钢筋构件的外，境外包头钢铁厂强化钢筋混凝土梁使用湿外包法律一般，即采用环氧树脂化中的牛奶等上与方法，以加强段施工委员会蛋糕一个整体，加固后的组件，因为是压缩钢横截面面积大幅度提高拉，所以右侧部分配套能力和部分刚性大幅度的提高。该法还表示，包头钢铁厂外湿加固法，应力可靠，施工简便，现场工作量小，但与钢材数量大，不宜在上面，在非600用途，保护的形势高温场所;适合不允许在使用明显增加原构件截面尺寸，但要求以增强其承载能力的大型混凝土结构的加固。4）粘钢加固法外面的钢筋弯曲混凝土构件粘钢加固是（右边部分被拉到在组件配套能力不足，扇形的面积，右侧部分受压区或斜截面）表面胶钢板，这样可以提高是增强组件的配套能力，和施工方便。该法施工速度快，现场工作或不湿上只有少数湿抹灰工程等，对生产与生活的影响小，经过加强的，是不显着原有结构的外观和原定清拆影响，但加固效果是决定由胶粘工艺和操作水平很大程度上，是在合适的承受静态函数，而在正常的湿度环境是弯曲或拉构件加固。5）粘胶纤维增强塑料加固法外贴纤维加固与胶结材料粘贴在该组件是加强该地区的拉纤维增强复合材料，使其与一节加强联合工作，达到磨练组件承载能力的目的。除了具有类似胶水的钢板的优点，又具有防腐泥泞，耐潮湿，不增加自身结构重量近，耐用，维护费用低等优点，但需要特殊的防火处理，是适合各种应力混凝土结构构件的性质和一般建设。此法的优点和缺点与扩大部分将接近法是适用于钢筋混凝土结构构件的斜截面承载力不足，或必须施加横向约束力的挤压成员的情况。6）缫丝法此法的优点和缺点与扩大部分将接近法是